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Вопросы философии
''Voprosy Filosofii'' (, ''Problems of Philosophy'') is a Soviet and Russian scientific and theoretical philosophical peer-reviewed academic journal. It was established in July 1947 under the guidance of the . Bonifaty Kedrov was one of its initiators and held the position of editor in chief from 1947 to 1949. History The publication is considered the successor of the magazine ''Under the Banner of Marxism'' which was published in Moscow from 1922 to 1944. The magazine was created on the initiative of the prominent Soviet statesman and ideologue Andrei Zhdanov in 1947. Periodicity of the magazine was initially three times a year, from 1951 it was 6 times a year, and from 1958 it was published monthly. Circulation in 1971 was about forty thousand copies; and recently In 2007 it was about three thousand copies. In Soviet times, the magazine had the largest circulation among philosophical magazines in the world. Since 1989, Pravda Publishing House has been publishing a book seri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Language
Russian is an East Slavic languages, East Slavic language belonging to the Balto-Slavic languages, Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family. It is one of the four extant East Slavic languages, and is the native language of the Russians. It was the ''de facto'' and ''de jure'' De facto#National languages, official language of the former Soviet Union.1977 Soviet Constitution, Constitution and Fundamental Law of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, 1977: Section II, Chapter 6, Article 36 Russian has remained an official language of the Russia, Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and is still commonly used as a lingua franca in Ukraine, Moldova, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and to a lesser extent in the Baltic states and Russian language in Israel, Israel. Russian has over 253 million total speakers worldwide. It is the List of languages by number of speakers in Europe, most spoken native language in Eur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Zhdanov
Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov ( rus, Андрей Александрович Жданов, p=ɐnˈdrʲej ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ ˈʐdanəf, a=Ru-Андрей Жданов.ogg, links=yes; – 31 August 1948) was a Soviet politician. He was the Soviet Union's "propagandist-in-chief" after the Second World War,V. M. Zubok and Konstantin Pleshakov. Inside the Kremlin's Cold War: from Stalin to Khrushchev. Harvard: Harvard UP, 1996, p.119 and was responsible for developing the Soviet cultural policy, the Zhdanov Doctrine, which remained in effect until the death of Joseph Stalin. Zhdanov was considered Stalin's most likely successor but died before him. Zhdanov joined the Bolsheviks in 1915 and quickly rose through the party ranks. A close associate of Stalin, he became a secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Central Committee in 1934, and later that year he was promoted to Saint Petersburg, Leningrad party chief following the assassinati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mark Mitin
Mark Borisovich Mitin (; 5 July 1901 – 15 January 1987) was a Soviet Marxist–Leninist philosopher, university lecturer and Professor of Philosophy Faculty of Moscow State University (1964–1968, 1978–1985). He was interested primarily dialectical and historical materialism, the philosophy of history and criticism of bourgeois philosophy. Biography He came from a Jewish working-class family. Mitin became a member of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1919. In the years 1925-1929 he studied philosophy at the Institute of Red Professors, which had the responsibility for educating a new Soviet intelligentsia. In the years 1939-1961 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and during the period 1950-1962 deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. From 1939, for five years he was director of the Institute of Marxism–Leninism of the CPSU Central Committee. From 1944 to 1950 he served on the editorial board of the journal ''B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fyodor Konstantinov
Fyodor Vasilyevich Konstantinov (; 21 February 1901 – 8 December 1991) was a Soviet Marxist–Leninist philosopher and academician. Career Born in to a peasant family, he joined the Red Army after the October Revolution and became a participant of the Civil War in Siberia. After becoming a member of the Communist Party in 1918, he graduated from the Institute of Red Professors in 1932 and earned his PhD in Philosophy in 1935. During his career he served as an academic secretary of the Institute of Philosophy of the Communist Academy, Professor of Propaganda of the Central Committee, and deputy director of the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He was editor-in-chief of '' Problems of Philosophy'' (1952–54) and '' Кommunist'' (1958–62). He also acted as head of the Propaganda Department of the CC of the CPSU (Отделом пропаганды и агитации ЦК КПСС, 1955–58). He was a main author of the historical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dmitry Chesnokov (politician)
Dmitry Ivanovich Chesnokov (Russian: Дми́трий Ива́нович Чесноко́в; 25 October November1910 – 17 September 1973) was a Soviet professor of philosophy, journalist and politician. Biography Born in to a peasant family, Chesnokov graduated from the Moscow State Pedagogical University in 1931. From 1931 to 1943 he was a lecturer at the Sverdlov State University in the Urals and eventually became the head of its pedagogical department. Chesnokov who had been a member of the All-Union Communist Party since 1939, became head of the department of the Sverdlovsk City Committee of the VKP (b) from 1943 to 1946 and in 1946-1947 he was secretary of the Sverdlovsk city committee of the VKP (b) for propaganda. After his lecture at the philosophical discussions of 1947, he was invited to Moscow and became the deputy head of the Science Department of the Directorate of Agitation and Propaganda of the All-Union Communist Party (b). Doctor of Philosophy from 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatoly Kitov
Anatoly Ivanovich Kitov (9 August 1920 – 14 October 2005) was a pioneer of cybernetics in the Soviet Union. Early life and education Anatoly Kitov was born in Samara in 1920. The Kitov family moved to Tashkent in 1921, as Anatoly's father, Ivan Stepanovich Kitov, had served as a junior officer in the White Army and wanted to avoid the repercussions of the Russian Civil War. Anatoly excelled at secondary school and graduated in 1939. However, his enrollment at Tashkent State University was interrupted when he was called up for military service. While serving in the Red Army, his exceptional abilities caught the attention of Kliment Voroshilov, who ordered him to enlist in the High Artillery School in Leningrad. In June 1941, Kitov and his fellow students had to halt their studies and were urgently deployed to the front. Kitov was already a lieutenant at that time. During lulls between battles, Kitov pursued his studies in mathematics and other university subjects. In 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexey Lyapunov
Alexey Andreyevich Lyapunov (; 8 October 1911 – 23 June 1973) was a Soviet mathematician and an early pioneer of computer science. One of the founders of Soviet cybernetics, Lyapunov was member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union and a specialist in the fields of real function theory, mathematical problems of cybernetics, set theory, programming theory, mathematical linguistics, and mathematical biology. Biography Composer Sergei Lyapunov, mathematician Aleksandr Lyapunov, and philologist Boris Lyapunov were his close relatives. In 1928, Lyapunov enrolled at Moscow State University to study mathematics, and in 1932 he became a student of Nikolai Luzin. Under his mentorship, Lyapunov began his research in descriptive set theory. He became world-wide known for his theorem on the range of an atomless vector-measure in finite dimensions, now called the Lyapunov Convexity Theorem. From 1934 until the early 1950s, Lyapunov was on the staff of the Steklov Institute o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Sobolev
Prof Sergei Lvovich Sobolev, FRSE (; 6 October 1908 – 3 January 1989) was a Soviet Union, Soviet mathematician working in mathematical analysis and partial differential equations. Sobolev introduced notions that are now fundamental for several areas of mathematics. Sobolev spaces can be defined by some growth conditions on the Fourier transform. They and their embedding theorems are an important subject in functional analysis. Generalized functions (later known as distribution (mathematics), distributions) were first introduced by Sobolev in 1935 for weak solutions, and further developed by Laurent Schwartz. Sobolev abstracted the classical notion of derivative, differentiation, so expanding the range of application of the technique of Newton and Leibniz. The theory of Distribution (mathematics), distributions is considered now as the calculus of the modern epoch. Life He was born in Saint Petersburg, St. Petersburg as the son of Lev Aleksandrovich Sobolev, a lawyer, and his w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Main Features Of Cybernetics
"The Main Features of Cybernetics" () was a key text which led to the emergence of cybernetics in the Soviet Union, published in July–August 1955 volume of the state philosophical organ, '' Voprosy filosofii'' (Problems of Philosophy), No. 4. pp. 136–148. The article was attributed to three significant soviet scientists, Sergei Sobolev, Alexey Lyapunov, and Anatoly Kitov and, for the first time, presented the tenets of cybernetics to a Soviet audience. Alongside the article "What is Cybernetics" by Ernst Kolman, published in the same volume, Benjamin Peters has considered this article to have "set the stage for the revolution of cybernetics in the Soviet Union". Kitov was the principal author. He had been delivering a number of lectures about cybernetics since 1953. He negotiated with Sobolev and Lyapunov to become joint authors, which they eventually agreed to. The article outlined three areas of cybernetics: * Information theory, principally statistical approaches to proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cybernetics
Cybernetics is the transdisciplinary study of circular causal processes such as feedback and recursion, where the effects of a system's actions (its outputs) return as inputs to that system, influencing subsequent action. It is concerned with general principles that are relevant across multiple contexts, including in engineering, ecological, economic, biological, cognitive and social systems and also in practical activities such as designing, learning, and managing. Cybernetics' transdisciplinary character has meant that it intersects with a number of other fields, leading to it having both wide influence and diverse interpretations. The field is named after an example of circular causal feedback—that of steering a ship (the ancient Greek κυβερνήτης (''kybernḗtēs'') refers to the person who steers a ship). In steering a ship, the position of the rudder is adjusted in continual response to the effect it is observed as having, forming a feedback loop throu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Under The Banner Of Marxism
''Under the Banner of Marxism'' (, ) was a Soviet Union, Soviet philosophical and socio-economic journal published in Moscow from 1922 to 1944. It was published monthly, except for 1933–1935, when it was published bi-monthly. History In a letter published in the first issue, Trotsky wrote: Arm the will and not only the thought, we say, because, in the era of great world upheavals, now more than ever before our will cannot break, but must harden only if it rests upon the scientific understanding of the conditions and causes of historical development On the other hand, it is precisely in such a critical era as ours, especially if it drags on – i.e., if the pace of revolutionary events in the West proves slower than hoped for – that attempts of various idealist and semi-idealist philosophical schools and sects will likely possess the consciousness of young workers. Captured unaware by the events – without prior extensive experience of practical class struggle – the thought ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Academy Of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such as libraries, publishing units, and hospitals. Peter the Great established the academy (then the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences) in 1724 with guidance from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried Leibniz. From its establishment, the academy benefitted from a slate of foreign scholars as professors; the academy then gained its first clear set of goals from the 1747 Charter. The academy functioned as a university and research center throughout the mid-18th century until the university was dissolved, leaving research as the main pillar of the institution. The rest of the 18th century continuing on through the 19th century consisted of many published academic works from Academy scholars and a few Academy name changes, ending as The Imperial ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
