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ʿAbd Al-Salām Al-Manūfī
Abuʾl-ʿAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Salām Shihāb al-Dīn al-Manūfī al-Shāfiʿī (1443–1527) was a writer in Mamluk Egypt, Mamluk and later Ottoman Egypt. He was born in Menouf, Manūf on 11 June 1443 (14 Rabīʿi 847 in the Islamic calendar). He studied at Cairo before returning to Manūf to serve as a ''ḳāḍī'' (judge). He died in 1527 (931).Carl Brockelmann, ''History of the Arabic Written Tradition'', Volume 2 (Brill, 2017), p. 331 and suppl. Al-Manūfī was primarily a writer of local and regional history. Among his works are ''Kitāb al-Fayḍ al-madīd fī akhbār al-Nīl al-sadīd'', a tract on the Nile and Source of the Nile, its source; ''Kitāb al-Badr al-ṭāliʿ min al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʿ'', an abridged version of Shams al-Dīn al-Sakhāwī's treatise ''The Light that Shines on the People of the Ninth Century''; and ''Kitāb al-Naṣīḥa bi-mā abdathu ʾl-qarīḥa''. He had access to the now lost work of the 10th-century w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk Egypt
The Mamluk Sultanate (), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries, with Cairo as its capital. It was ruled by a military caste of mamluks (freed slave soldiers) headed by a sultan. The sultanate was established with the overthrow of the Ayyubid dynasty in Egypt in 1250 and was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Mamluk history is generally divided into the Turkic or Bahri period (1250–1382) and the Circassian or Burji period (1382–1517), called after the predominant ethnicity or corps of the ruling Mamluks during these respective eras. The first rulers of the sultanate hailed from the mamluk regiments of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub (), usurping power from his successor in 1250. The Mamluks under Sultan Qutuz and Baybars routed the Mongols in 1260, halting their southward expansion. They then conquered or gained suzerainty over the Ayyubids' Syrian prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Egypt
Ottoman Egypt was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517. The Ottomans administered Egypt as a province (''eyalet'') of their empire (). It remained formally an Ottoman province until 1914, though in practice it became increasingly autonomous during the 19th century and was under de facto British control from 1882. Egypt always proved a difficult province for the Ottoman Sultans to control, due in part to the continuing power and influence of the Mamluks, the Egyptian military caste who had ruled the country for centuries. As such, Egypt remained semi-autonomous under the Mamluks until Napoleon Bonaparte's French forces invaded in 1798. After Anglo-Turkish forces expelled the French in 1801, Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt, seized power in 1805, and established an independent state which became an empire through conquests in Syria, Konya and other regions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menouf
Menouf (, from ) is a city in Egypt located in the Nile Delta. It has an area of 18.76 square kilometers. The city gave name to the Monufia Governorate that it is located in and it was the capital of the governorate until 1826. Menouf is one of the several continually inhabited ancient Egyptian cities in the governorate. Name Menouf was formerly called ''Minuf al-Ulyah (''), which comes from (with variants ⲉⲛⲟⲩϥⲓ ⲣⲏⲥ and ⲁⲛⲟⲩϥⲉ). "The upper" in this case also means "southern", i.e. located upriver in relation to the Nile's flow (see Upper Egypt), which was used to differentiate it from Minuf as-Sufli (, ), modern Mahallat Menouf. The Coptic name Panouf in turn is derived from . The city's Greek name Onouphis () comes from the Egyptian name as well. History Panouf was a bishopric by the middle of the fourth century as evidenced by the attendance of Bishop Adelphis of Onouphis at a synod in Alexandria in 362. During the Heraclean revolt the city ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islamic Calendar
The Hijri calendar (), also known in English as the Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. It is used to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the Ramadan, annual fasting and the annual season for the Hajj, great pilgrimage. In almost all countries where the predominant religion is Islam, the civil calendar is the Gregorian calendar, with Assyrian calendar, Syriac month-names used in the Arabic names of calendar months#Levant and Mesopotamia, Levant and Mesopotamia (Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Palestine), but the religious calendar is the Hijri one. This calendar enumerates the Hijri era, whose Epoch (reference date), epoch was established as the Islamic New Year in 622 Common Era, CE. During that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Medina and established the first Muslim community (''ummah''), an event commemorated as the Hijrah. In the West, dates in this era ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo
Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of largest cities in the Arab world, the Arab world, and List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East, the Middle East. The Greater Cairo metropolitan area is List of largest cities, one of the largest in the world by population with over 22.1 million people. The area that would become Cairo was part of ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis, Egypt, Memphis and Heliopolis (ancient Egypt), Heliopolis are near-by. Located near the Nile Delta, the predecessor settlement was Fustat following the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 next to an existing ancient Roman empire, Roman fortress, Babylon Fortress, Babylon. Subsequently, Cairo was founded by the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid dynasty in 969. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ḳāḍī
A qadi (; ) is the magistrate or judge of a Sharia court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works. History The term '' was in use from the time of Muhammad during the early history of Islam, and remained the term used for judges throughout Islamic history and the period of the caliphates. While the and played the role in elucidation of the principles of Islamic jurisprudence () and the Islamic law (), the qadi remained the key person ensuring the establishment of justice on the basis of these very laws and rules. Thus, the qadi was chosen from amongst those who had mastered the sciences of jurisprudence and law. The office of qadi continued to be a very important one in every principality of the caliphates and sultanates of the various Muslim empires over the centuries. The rulers appointed a qadi in every region, town, and village for judicial and administrative contro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nile
The Nile (also known as the Nile River or River Nile) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile is the longest river in Africa. It has historically been considered the List of river systems by length, longest river in the world, though this has been contested by research suggesting that the Amazon River is slightly longer.Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say Of the world's major rivers, the Nile has one of the lowest average annual flow rates. About long, its drainage basin covers eleven countries: the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Eritrea, South Sudan, Sudan, and Egypt. In pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shams Al-Dīn Al-Sakhāwī
Shams (), an Arabic word meaning ''sun'' or ''spark'' may refer to: Media * "Shams", a 2019 song by Indian singer Sanjeeta Bhattacharya * ''Shams'' (newspaper), a defunct Saudi newspaper * ''Al-Shams'' (newspaper), a Libyan government newspaper until 2011 * Network for Public Policy Studies, an Iranian website Places * Ain Shams, a neighborhood in Cairo, Egypt * Kafr Shams, a city in southern Syria * Majdal Shams, a village in the Golan Heights * Shams-e Bijar, a village in Gilan Province, Iran * Shams Abu Dhabi, a real estate development on Al Reem Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates * Shams Solar Power Station, a planned concentrating solar power station in the United Arab Emirates Other uses * Shams (deity), a solar deity in the ancient South Arabian religion * Shams (name), a list of people with the name * '' Shams al-Ma'arif'', a 13th-century Arabic book * Ain Shams University, a university located in Cairo, Egypt * Ash-Shams, the 91st surah of the Quran * Shams, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Sulaym Al-Aswānī
Abu Muhammad Abdallah ibn Ahmad ibn Salim (or ibn Sulaym) al-Aswani () was a tenth-century Egyptian diplomat and Shia Muslim '' dāʿī'' (missionary) in the service of the Fatimids. Following the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, he was dispatched to Nubia by the Fatimid governor, Jawhar al-Siqilli. The exact date and duration of his mission are unknown. He was likely sent during Jawhar's rule over Egypt (969–973) before the arrival of Caliph al-Mu'izz to the country in 973, but the work is dedicated to Caliph al-Aziz, who succeeded al-Mu'izz in 975. He left a written record of his mission, the ''Kitāb Akhbār al-Nūba waʾl-Muḳurra wa ʿAlwa waʾl-Buja waʾl-Nīl'' ("Book of Reports on Nubia, Makuria, Alodia, the Beja and the Nile"). This is the only surviving eyewitness description of medieval Nubia other than the very brief account in Ibn Ḥawqal. Jawhar, who had led the Fatimid conquest of Egypt, was eager to establish peaceful relations with the Nubian kingdoms to his south ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nubia
Nubia (, Nobiin language, Nobiin: , ) is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between the confluence of the Blue Nile, Blue and White Nile, White Niles (in Khartoum in central Sudan), and the Cataracts of the Nile, first cataract of the Nile (south of Aswan in southern Egypt) or more strictly, Al Dabbah, Sudan, Al Dabbah. It was the seat of one of the earliest civilizations of ancient Africa, the Kerma culture, which lasted from around 2500 BC until its conquest by the New Kingdom of Egypt under Pharaoh Thutmose I around 1500 BC, whose heirs ruled most of Nubia for the next 400 years. Nubia was home to several African empires, empires, most prominently the Kingdom of Kush, which conquered Egypt in the eighth century BC during the reign of Piye and ruled the country as its Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt, 25th Dynasty. From the 3rd century BC to 3rd century AD, northern Nubia was invaded and annexed to Egypt, ruled by the Ptolemaic Kingdom, Greeks and Roman Empire, R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1443 Births
Year 1443 ( MCDXLIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – **Pope Eugene IV called for Christians under his jurisdiction to participate in the Crusade of Varna against the incursions of the Ottoman Empire into Central Europe. **The coronation of Christoffer III as King of Denmark and of his wife Dorothea of Brandenburg, as Queen Consort, took place at the Vor Frue Maria Dormkirke in Ribe, nearly three years after he had first claimed the throne on April 9, 1440. * January 28 – Raffaele Adorno was elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa. * February 26 – The Spanish monarch, King Alfonso V of Aragon, makes a trimphant entrance into the city of Naples in order to assume the throne of the Kingdom of Naples. * March 11 – At the age of 16 months old, Charlotte of Savoy, daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy, is betrothed in a ceremony to Frederick III of the House of Wettin, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
