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Serbian Cyrillic Alphabet
The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (, ), also known as the Serbian script, (, ), is a standardized variation of the Cyrillic script used to write the Serbian language. It originated in medieval Serbia and was significantly reformed in the 19th century by the Serbian philologist and linguist Vuk Karadžić. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet is one of the two official scripts used to write modern standard Serbian, the other being Gaj's Latin alphabet. Karadžić based his reform on the earlier 18th-century Slavonic-Serbian script. Following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it is written" (''piši kao što govoriš, čitaj kao što je napisano''), he removed obsolete letters, eliminated redundant representations of iotated vowels, and introduced the letter from the Latin script. He also created new letters for sounds unique to Serbian phonology. Around the same time, Ljudevit Gaj led the standardization of the Latin script for use in western South Slavic languages, appl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
С́
Sje (С́ с́; italics: ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, formed from the Cyrillic Es (С с ) with the addition of an acute accent (not to be confused with the Latin letter Ć). It is used in the Montenegrin alphabet, where it represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant . It corresponds to the Latin Ś. It is not to be confused with the Latin Ć, which represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /t͡ɕ/ (the sound of Ћ). Origins The first proposal for the codification of /ɕ/ in Montenegrin comes from 1884. It was proposed by Lazar Tomanović, Montenegrin attorney, journalist and politician. He proposed the use of a Cyrillic digraph шј to represent the sound. He equated the digraph with the Polish letter ś. The first instance of usage of the accented Cyrillic letter с́ was in 1926 by Danilo Vušović. It came into official use in mid-2009, with the adoption of the Law on the Official Language in Montenegro. Previously, it was included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serbo-Croatian Language
Serbo-Croatian ( / ), also known as Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS), is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It is a pluricentric language with four mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin. South Slavic languages historically formed a dialect continuum. The region's turbulent history, particularly due to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, led to a complex dialectal and religious mosaic. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread supradialect in the western Balkans, encroaching westward into the area previously dominated by Chakavian and Kajkavian. Bosniaks, Croats, and Serbs differ in religion and were historically often part of different cultural spheres, although large portions of these populations lived side by side under foreign rule. During that period, the language was referred to by various names, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish Alphabet
The Polish alphabet ( Polish: , ) is the script of the Polish language, the basis for the Polish system of orthography. It is based on the Latin alphabet but includes certain letters (9) with diacritics: the stroke (acute accent or bar) – : ; the overdot – : ; and the tail or ''ogonek'' – . The letters , , and , which are used only in foreign words, are usually absent from the Polish alphabet. Additionally, before the standardization of Polish spelling, was sometimes used in place of , and in place of . Modified variations of the Polish alphabet are used for writing Silesian and Kashubian, whereas the Sorbian languages use a mixture of Polish and Czech orthography. Letters: aspect, name, value There are 32 letters in the Polish alphabet: 9 vowels and 23 consonants. , , and are not used in any native Polish words and are mostly found in foreign words (such as place names) and commercial names. In loanwords they are usually replaced by , , and , res ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Łacinka
The Belarusian Latin alphabet or Łacinka (from , BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian, BGN/PCGN: , ) for the Latin script in general is the Latin script as used to write Belarusian. It is similar to the Sorbian alphabet and incorporates features of the Polish alphabet, Polish and Czech alphabet, Czech alphabets. Today, Belarusian most commonly uses the Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabet. Use Łacinka was used in the Belarusian area from the 16th century. After the Third Partition of Poland, annexation of the Belarusian territory by the Russian Empire, Łacinka was completely banned by the Russian authorities during 1859-1905 in order to facilitate the switch to the Belarusian alphabet, Cyrillic script and preferably to the Russian language. This ban October Manifesto, ended in 1905, resulting in the active concurrent use of both Łacinka and the Belarusian Cyrillic script in numerous books and newspapers until the 1930s. Though during the time of the German occupation of Byel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silesian Language
Silesian, occasionally called Upper Silesian, is an ethnolect of the Lechitic languages, Lechitic group spoken by part of people in Upper Silesia. Its vocabulary was significantly influenced by Central German due to the existence of numerous Silesian German speakers in the area prior to World War II and after. The first mentions of Silesian as a distinct lect date back to the 16th century, and the first literature with Silesian characteristics to the 17th century. Linguistic distinctiveness of Silesian has long been a topic of discussion among Poland's Linguistics, linguists, especially after all of Upper Silesia was included within the Polish borders, following World War II. Some regard it as one of the Dialects of Polish, four major dialects of Polish language, Polish, while others classify it as a separate regional language, distinct from Polish. According to the official data from the 2021 Polish census, about 500 000 people consider Silesian as their first language, nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Belarusian Latin Alphabet
The Belarusian Latin alphabet or Łacinka (from , BGN/PCGN romanization of Belarusian, BGN/PCGN: , ) for the Latin script in general is the Latin script as used to write Belarusian. It is similar to the Sorbian alphabet and incorporates features of the Polish alphabet, Polish and Czech alphabet, Czech alphabets. Today, Belarusian most commonly uses the Cyrillic script, Cyrillic alphabet. Use Łacinka was used in the Belarusian area from the 16th century. After the Third Partition of Poland, annexation of the Belarusian territory by the Russian Empire, Łacinka was completely banned by the Russian authorities during 1859-1905 in order to facilitate the switch to the Belarusian alphabet, Cyrillic script and preferably to the Russian language. This ban October Manifesto, ended in 1905, resulting in the active concurrent use of both Łacinka and the Belarusian Cyrillic script in numerous books and newspapers until the 1930s. Though during the time of the German occupation of Byel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latynka
The Ukrainian Latin alphabet is the form of the Latin script used for writing, transliteration, and retransliteration of Ukrainian. The Latin alphabet has been proposed or imposed several times in the history in Ukraine, but it has never replaced the dominant Cyrillic Ukrainian alphabet. Characteristics Standard Ukrainian has been written with the Cyrillic script in a tradition going back to the introduction of Christianity and Old Church Slavonic to Kievan Rus'. Proposals for Latinization, if not imposed for outright political reasons, have always been politically charged and have never been generally accepted, although some proposals to create an official Latin alphabet for Ukrainian have been expressed lately by national intelligentsia. While superficially similar to a Latin alphabet, transliteration of Ukrainian from Cyrillic into the Latin script (or ''romanization'') is usually not intended for native speakers, and may be designed for certain academic requirements or t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaj's Latin Alphabet
Gaj's Latin alphabet ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Gajeva latinica, separator=" / ", Гајева латиница}, ), also known as ( sr-Cyrl, абецеда, ) or ( sr-Cyrl, гајица, link=no, ), is the form of the Latin script used for writing all four standard varieties of Serbo-Croatian: Bosnian language, Bosnian, Croatian language, Croatian, Montenegrin language, Montenegrin, and Serbian language, Serbian. It contains 27 individual letters and 3 digraphs. Each letter (including digraphs) represents one Serbo-Croatian phonology, Serbo-Croatian phoneme, yielding a highly phonemic orthography. It closely corresponds to the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. The alphabet was initially devised by Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in 1835 during the Illyrian movement in Croats, ethnically Croatian parts of the Austrian Empire. It was largely based on Jan Hus's Czech alphabet and was meant to serve as a unified orthography for Triune Kingdom, three Croat-populated kingdoms within the Austrian Empi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acute Accent
The acute accent (), , is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin alphabet, Latin, Cyrillic script, Cyrillic, and Greek alphabet, Greek scripts. For the most commonly encountered uses of the accent in the Latin and Greek alphabets, precomposed characters are available. Uses History An early precursor of the acute accent was the Apex (diacritic), apex, used in Latin language, Latin inscriptions to mark vowel length, long vowels. The acute accent was first used in French in 1530 by Geoffroy Tory, the royal printer. Pitch Ancient Greek The acute accent was first used in the Greek diacritics, polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it indicated a syllable with a high pitch accent, pitch. In Modern Greek, a stress (linguistics), stress accent has replaced the pitch accent, and the acute marks the stressed syllable of a word. The Greek name of the accented syllable was and is (''oxeîa'', Modern Greek ''oxía'') "sharp" or "h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banat Bulgarian Dialect
Banat Bulgarian (Banat Bulgarian: ''Palćena balgarsćija jazić'' or ''Banátsća balgarsćija jazić''; ) is the outermost dialect of the Bulgarian language with standardized writing and an old literary tradition. It is spoken by the Banat Bulgarians in the Banat region of Romania and Serbia. Officially, it is spoken by 8,000 people (1,658 in Serbia, and 6,500 in Romania), though other estimates give numbers up to 15,000. In 1998, Jáni Vasilčin from Dudeştii Vechi translated the New Testament into Banat Bulgarian: ''Svetotu Pismu Novija Zákun.'' In 2017 Ána Marijka Bodor published a Banat Bulgarian translation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's ''The Little Prince, Little Prince''. Origins The Banat Bulgarians are predominantly Catholic Church in Bulgaria, Roman Catholic people. Their ancestors arrived in the region centuries ago from Northern Bulgaria after the failure of the Chiprovtsi uprising. They settled in Oltenia under the Wallachian prince, then when Oltenia fell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
