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Çelebi
Çelebi (, ) was an Ottoman title of respect, approximately corresponding to "gentleman", "well-mannered" or "courteous". ''Çelebi'' also means "man of God", as an ''i''-suffixed derivative from ''çalab'' (), which means "God" in Ottoman Turkish. German linguist and Turkologist Marcel Erdal, citing Baron Tiesenhausen, traces ''çalab'' back to Arabic ''djellaba'' "importer, trader, merchant" > "high social positions"; ''jallāb'' is derived from root ''j-l-b'' "to have brought, to import", ultimately from West Semitic root ''g-l-b'' "to catch, to fetch". List of notable people Title Notable people with the title include, in approximate chronological order: * Gazi Çelebi, early-14th-century Turkish pirate and ruler of Sinop * The sons of Ottoman sultan Bayezid I Bayezid I (; ), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (; ; – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of ''Sultan-i Rûm'', ''Rûm'' being the Arabic nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evliya Çelebi
Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (), was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman explorer who travelled through his home country during its cultural zenith as well as neighboring lands. He travelled for over 40 years, recording his commentary in a travel literature, travelogue called the ''Seyahatnâme'' ("Book of Travel"). The name Çelebi#Title, Çelebi is an honorific meaning "gentleman" or "man of God". Life Evliya Çelebi was born in Istanbul in 1611 to a wealthy family from Kütahya. Both his parents were attached to the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman court, his father, Dervish Mehmed Zilli, as a jeweller, and his mother as an Abkhazians, Abkhazian relation of the Grand Vizier of Mehmed IV Melek Ahmed Pasha. In his book, Evliya Çelebi traces his paternal genealogy back to Ahmad Yasawi, the earliest known Turkic poet and an early Sufi mystic. Evliya Çelebi received a court education from Ulama#Ottoman era, the Imperial ''ulama'' (scholars). He may have j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bayezid I
Bayezid I (; ), also known as Bayezid the Thunderbolt (; ; – 8 March 1403), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1389 to 1402. He adopted the title of ''Sultan-i Rûm'', ''Rûm'' being the Arabic name for the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1394, Bayezid unsuccessfully Siege of Constantinople (1394–1402), besieged Constantinople. Bayezid vanquished all the Beyliks and proceeded to conquer and vassalize the entirety of Anatolia. In 1402, he once more besieged Constantinople, appearing to find success, but he ultimately withdrew due to the invasion of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur.Mango, Cyril. ''The Oxford History of Byzantium''. New York: Oxford UP, 2002. pp. 273–274 He defeated the Crusaders at the Battle of Nicopolis in what is now Bulgaria in 1396. He was later defeated and captured by Timur at the Battle of Ankara in 1402 and died in captivity in March 1403, which triggered the Ottoman Interregnum. Biography Bayezid was the son of Murad IRunciman, Steven ''The Fall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi
Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi (;hezarfen TDK Büyük Türkçe Sözlük. Erişim: 26 Mayıs 2009 1609 – 1640) was an Ottoman scientist, inventor, chemist, astronomer, physician, Andalusi musician, and poet from , reported in the writings of traveler to have achieved sustained unpowered flight.Çelebi, Evliya (2003). ''Seyahatname''. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Kü ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mehmed Çelebi
Mehmed I (; – 26 May 1421), also known as Mehmed Çelebi (, "the noble-born") or ''Kirişçi'' (, "lord's son"), was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1413 to 1421. Son of Sultan Bayezid I and his concubine Devlet Hatun, he fought with his brothers over control of the Ottoman realm in the Ottoman Interregnum (1402–1413). Starting from the province of Rûm he managed to bring first Anatolia and then the European territories (Rumelia) under his control, reuniting the Ottoman state by 1413, and ruling it until his death in 1421. Called "The Restorer," he reestablished central authority in Anatolia, and he expanded the Ottoman presence in Europe by the conquest of Wallachia in 1415. Venice destroyed his fleet off Gallipoli in 1416 as the Ottomans lost a naval war. Early life Mehmed was born in 1386 or 1387 as the fourth son of Sultan Bayezid I () and one of his consorts, the slave girl Devlet Hatun. Following Ottoman custom, when he reached adolescence in 1399, he was sent t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Interregnum
The Ottoman Interregnum, or Ottoman Civil War, (, ) was a civil war in the Ottoman realm between the sons of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I following their father's defeat and capture by Timur in the Battle of Ankara on 28 July 1402. Although Timur confirmed Mehmed Çelebi as sultan, Mehmed's brothers ( İsa Çelebi, Musa Çelebi, Süleyman Çelebi, and later Mustafa Çelebi) refused to recognize his authority, each claiming the throne for himself, which resulted in civil war. The Interregnum would last a little under 11 years and culminate in the Battle of Çamurlu on 5 July 1413, when Mehmed Çelebi emerged as victor, crowned himself Sultan Mehmed I, and restored the empire. Civil war İsa and Mehmed Civil war broke out among the sons of Sultan Bayezid I upon his death in 1403. His oldest son, Süleyman, with his capital at Edirne, ruled the recently conquered Second Bulgarian Empire, all of Thrace, Macedonia, and northern Greece. The second son, İsa Çelebi, established ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Süleyman Çelebi
Süleyman Çelebi (also Emir Süleyman; – 17 February 1411) was an Ottoman prince and a co-ruler of the Ottoman Empire for several years during the Ottoman Interregnum. There is a tradition of western origin, according to which Suleiman the Magnificent was "Suleiman II", but that tradition has been based on an erroneous assumption that Süleyman Çelebi was to be recognised as a legitimate sultan. Background Süleyman was the second eldest son of Bayezid I after Ertuğrul Çelebi. In some contemporary Western sources, he was considered among the Ottoman sultans due to his reign during the interregnum and is referred to as Suleiman I. There is not much information about his early life. Historical records first mention him as the administrator of Aydın province, which controlled the ports of Balat and Ayasuluk after Bayezid I's Western Anatolian campaign in the winter of 1389-1390. Nicolae Iorga states that Süleyman was the bey of Northern Rumelia before being appo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anton Çelebi
Anton Bogos Çelebi (; 1604 – 1674) was an Armenian merchant magnate and Ottoman and later Tuscan official in 17th century. '' Gonfalonier'' of Livorno. He was a brother of Hasan Agha. Name and title Anton bore the title ' çelebi''. Biographical facts Life in the Ottoman Empire Anton Bogos Çelebi was born in Bursa. He came from an Orthodox Armenian family and had a brother who would later convert to Islam and take the name Hasan. Anton's and Hasan's father was an Orthodox Christian Armenian, an Ottoman subject from Bursa. Hasan Agha eventually became customs officer ('' gümrük emini'') of Constantinople (now Istanbul), from 1646 to his death in 1656. Unlike his brother, Anton remained a Christian. He was a wealthy silk merchant in the second quarter of the 17th-century and had his offices both in İzmir (also called Smyrna) and Constantinople. Hasan assisted Anton's rise in his posts in İzmir and Bursa. Eventually the two brothers became considerable economic a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Musa Çelebi
Musa Çelebi ( 1402 – 5 July 1413) was an Ottoman dynasty, Ottoman prince and a co-ruler of the Ottoman Empire, empire for three years during the Ottoman Interregnum. Background Musa was one of the sons of Bayezid I, the fourth Ottoman sultan.Kastritsis, Dimitris (2007), ''The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman. Civil War of 1402–1413'', Brill, His mother was Devletşah Hatun. After the Battle of Ankara, in which Bayezid I was defeated by Tamerlane, he returned to the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Interregnum, which was now in turmoil, and tried to access the throne in Bursa, the Anatolian capital of the empire in 1403. However, three of his brothers were also claimants to the Ottoman throne: İsa Çelebi in Balıkesir and Mehmed I, Mehmed Çelebi in Amasya (both in the Anatolian portion of the empire), Süleyman Çelebi in Edirne, the Rumeli (European) capital. (the Ottoman Empire at the time had two capitals, since the declining Byzantine Em ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lagâri Hasan Çelebi
Lagâri Hasan Çelebi was an Ottoman scientist, engineer and aviator who, according to the account written by traveller Evliya Çelebi, made a successful crewed rocket flight. Account Evliya Çelebi reported that in 1633, Lagari Hasan Çelebi blasted off from Sarayburnu, (the promontory below the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul) in a 7-winged rocket propelled by 50 okka (140 lbs) of gunpowder. The flight was said to have been undertaken at the time of the birth of Sultan Murad IV's daughter. As Evliya Celebi wrote, Lagari proclaimed before launching his craft "O my sultan! Be blessed, I am going to talk to Jesus!"; after ascending in the rocket, he landed in the sea, swimming ashore and joking "O my sultan! Jesus sends his regards to you!"; he was rewarded by the Sultan with silver and the rank of sipahi in the Ottoman army. Evliya Çelebi also wrote of Lagari's brother, Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi, making a flight by glider a year earlier. Popular culture '' Istanbul Beneath ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi
Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi Efendi (ca. 1670–1732), also Mehmed Efendi (sometimes spelled Mehemet Effendi in France), was an Ottoman statesman who was delegated as ambassador by the Sultan Ahmed III to Louis XV's France in 1720. He is remembered for his account of his embassy mission (a '' sefâretnâme'', "book of embassy"). Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi was born in Edirne to a family of Georgianİsmail Hâmi Danişmend, ''Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı'', Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 60. descent. His date of birth is unknown. He was the son of an officer in the Janissary corps, Süleyman Ağa, who died during a campaign to Pécs. Mehmed Çelebi himself was enrolled in the Janissary corps, and since he had served in the 28th battalion ("'' orta''" in Janissary terminology) of the corps, he came to be known with the nickname ''Yirmisekiz'' ("twenty-eight" in Turkish) for his entire life. His descendants, including his son who became a grand vizier, also carried the name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
İsa Çelebi
Îsâ Çelebi (; – September 1403) was an Ottoman prince and a co-ruler of the empire during the Ottoman Interregnum. Background İsa was one of the sons of Bayezid I, the Ottoman sultan. His mother was Devletşah Hatun, the daughter of Süleyman Şah of Germiyanids and Mutahhara Abide Hatun. Isa was appointed as the sanjak governor of Hamid after its conquest. Some sources mention his participation in the Battle of Nicopolis, however this cannot be verified. In 1402, he participated in the Battle of Ankara alongside his father. After the defeat, he escaped and hid around Balıkesir As of November 1402, he established dominance on the Asian side of the Bosphorus and the south of the Sea of Marmara. Immediately after Timur took Smyrna in 16 December 1402, he expressed his loyalty to Timur through his ambassador Kutbüddin İznikî. He sent Timur valuable horses and gifts together with the ambassador. Timur also sent him a belt, a cap and a robe and gave him the admini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzi Çelebi Of Prizren
Suzi Çelebi of Prizren (; died 1524) was an Ottoman poet and historiographer. He is remembered for his epic poem ''Gazavatnama Mihaloğlu'' which narrates the 15th-century Balkan conquests of the Ottomans, and the battles and glory of the military commander Ali Bey Mihaloğlu, being one of the most-known poetic works of the 15th century in overall. What is known from his early life, beside his birthplace in Prizren, today's Kosovo, is that he was born between 1455-1465. His real name was Muhammad-Effendi, son of Mahmud, son of Abdullah. Suzi was a pseudonym, meaning "blazing". Other names that he is referred with are Sûzî-i Rûmî, Sûzî-i Pürzerrînî, Mevlânâ Sûzî, Sozi Çelebi/Efendi/Baba. He founded a waqf in Prizren. He also lived a part of his life in Belgrade. The alternative name Naqshbandi Suzi indicates that he belonged to the Naqshbandi order of Sufism. Suzi Çelebi served as ''katib'' of the Ottoman military leader and exploiter Gazi Ali Mihaloğlu, being tes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
