Zhongguancun
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Zhongguancun () is a major technology hub in
Haidian District Haidian District () is a district of the municipality of Beijing. It is mostly situated in northwestern Beijing, but also to a lesser extent in the west, where it has borders with Xicheng District and Fengtai District. It is 431 square km in a ...
,
Beijing } Beijing ( ; ; ), alternatively romanized as Peking ( ), is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the center of power and development of the country. Beijing is the world's most populous national capital city, with over 21 ...
,
China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
. Zhongguancun occupies a band between the northwestern Third Ring Road and the northwestern Fourth Ring Road, in the northwestern part of Beijing. Zhongguancun is sometimes known as " China's Silicon Valley". The place is also the center of Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Belt.


History

Chen Chunxian envisioned Zhongguancun, which then became a well-known technology hub 30 years later. Chunxian, a member of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); ), known by Academia Sinica in English until the 1980s, is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for natural sciences. It has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republ ...
(CAS), conceived of a Silicon Valley in China following a government-sponsored trip to Boston and
Silicon Valley Silicon Valley is a region in Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology and innovation. Located in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area, it corresponds roughly to the geographical areas San Mateo County ...
, United States. Zhongguancun became known as "Electronics Avenue" () from the early 1980s on, due to its information technology markets along a central, crowded street. Zhongguancun was recognized by the central government of China in 1988, and officially named "Beijing High-Technology Industry Development Experimental Zone". In 1999, Zhongguancun became the "Zhongguancun Science & Technology Zone", with seven parks: Haidian, Fengtai, Changping, Electronics City (in Chaoyang), Yizhuang, Desheng, and Jianxiang. The original Zhongguancun became known as Haidian Park of the Zhongguancun Zone.


Notable education and research centres

Zhongguancun has an association with China's two most prestigious universities,
Peking University Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education. Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charter ...
and
Tsinghua University Tsinghua University (; abbreviation, abbr. THU) is a National university, national Public university, public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Minis ...
, along with the
Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); ), known by Academia Sinica in English until the 1980s, is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for natural sciences. It has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republ ...
, all of which are in close proximity. Secondary schools in Zhongguancun include
Affiliated High School of Peking University The Affiliated High School of Peking University (), abbreviated as ''Běi Dà Fù Zhōng'' (北大附中) or BDFZ, is a major public high school in Beijing that offers 7th-12th grade education. It is regarded as one of the most prestigious high ...
and
High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China The High School Affiliated to Renmin University Of China (), known colloquially as Rendafuzhong (RDFZ), is the high school affiliated with Renmin University of China. RDFZ is situated in the Haidian District of Beijing, within the Zhongguancun ...
.


Government infrastructure

The Zhongguancun Administrative Committee oversees the city. The
State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA; ) was an agency of the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) that operated under the State Council and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. It was responsibl ...
(SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun.


Notable companies and landmarks

Hailong Market Hailong Market is one of five major electronics markets in Zhongguancun, Beijing. History Hailong Market opened in December 1999. See also *Dinghao Market * Guigu Market *Kemao Market * Taipingyang Market *Zhonghai Market Zhongnanhai ...
, Guigu Market, Taipingyang Market,
Dinghao Market Dinghao Market is one of five major electronics markets in Zhongguancun, Beijing. History Li Zhongjin is the current chief business officer of Dinghao Market. Dinghao Market is home to Lenovo's flagship store and Starbucks 1000th milestone A ...
and
Kemao Market Kemao Market is one of five major electronics markets in Zhongguancun, Beijing. History Kemao Market opened its doors on February 21, 2004. The building is rated 5A-class and features a four-star hotel. See also *Dinghao Market *Hailong Mar ...
are prominent IT and electronics technology bazaars, noted for "shops with a shop", where bargaining is the norm. According to the 2004 Beijing Statistical Yearbook, there were over 12,000 high-tech enterprises operating in Zhongguancun's seven parks, with 489,000 technicians employed. The most notable companies that grew up in Zhongguancun are
Stone Group In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's ...
,
Founder Group Founder Group () is a major Chinese technology conglomerate that deals with information technology, pharmaceuticals, real estate, finance, and commodities trading. It is divided into five major industry groups, each covering a separate industr ...
, and
Lenovo Group Lenovo Group Limited, often shortened to Lenovo ( , ), is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in designing, manufacturing, and marketing consumer electronics, personal computers, software, business solutions, and related ser ...
, each founded during 1984 to 1985. Stone was the first successful technology company to be operated by private individuals outside of the government of China. Founder is a technology company that spun off
Peking University Peking University (PKU; ) is a public research university in Beijing, China. The university is funded by the Ministry of Education. Peking University was established as the Imperial University of Peking in 1898 when it received its royal charter ...
. Lenovo Group spun off from
Chinese Academy of Sciences The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); ), known by Academia Sinica in English until the 1980s, is the national academy of the People's Republic of China for natural sciences. It has historical origins in the Academia Sinica during the Republ ...
with
Liu Chuanzhi Liu Chuanzhi (; born 29 April 1944) is a Chinese entrepreneur. Liu is the founder of Lenovo, the world's largest personal computer vendor by unit sales. He remains one of the leaders of the company. Business activities Lenovo By the early ...
, a hero of Zhongguancun and current chairman, eventually taking the helm. Lenovo purchased IBM's PC division with $1.75 billion in 2005, making it the world's third-largest PC maker. Both Founder and Lenovo Group maintain strong connections to their academic backers, who are significant shareholders. Many world-renowned technology companies built their Chinese headquarters and research centers in Zhongguancun Technology Park, such as
Google Google LLC () is an American multinational technology company focusing on search engine technology, online advertising, cloud computing, computer software, quantum computing, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, and consumer electronics. ...
,
Intel Intel Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California. It is the world's largest semiconductor chip manufacturer by revenue, and is one of the developers of the x86 seri ...
,
AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (AMD) is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California, that develops computer processors and related technologies for business and consumer markets. While it initially manufactur ...
,
Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Austin, Texas. In 2020, Oracle was the third-largest software company in the world by revenue and market capitalization. The company sells da ...
,
Motorola Motorola, Inc. () was an American Multinational corporation, multinational telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois, United States. After having lost $4.3 billion from 2007 to 2009, the company split into two independent p ...
, Cogobuy Group, IBM, MySpace,
Sony , commonly stylized as SONY, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. As a major technology company, it operates as one of the world's largest manufacturers of consumer and professional ...
,
Solstice A solstice is an event that occurs when the Sun appears to reach its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around June 21 and December 21. In many countr ...
, and
Ericsson (lit. "Telephone Stock Company of LM Ericsson"), commonly known as Ericsson, is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm. The company sells infrastructure, software, and services in informat ...
.
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washing ...
has built its Chinese research headquarters in the park that costs $280 million and can accommodate 5000 employees, which was completed in April, 2011, and now houses Microsoft Research Asia. The development center of
Loongson Loongson () is the name of a family of general-purpose, MIPS architecture-compatible microprocessors, as well as the name of the Chinese fabless company (Loongson Technology) that develops them. The processors are alternately called Godson proc ...
, which is China's first general-purpose
microprocessor A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits. The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circu ...
design, is also in the Zhongguancun area.
Everbright International China Everbright International Limited is a Hong Kong incorporated company that specialized in environmental resource management in mainland China. Its head office is the in Admiralty, Hong Kong, Admiralty on Hong Kong Island. On the mainland i ...
has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun. Mny conferences are held in this location, including the annual ChinICT conference - which is the largest Information technology Development and Entrepreneurship event in China. A frequent tourist destination is the
Haidian Christian Church Haidian Christian Church () is a church located in Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing. It is operated by the Three-Self Patriotic Movement, a state-registered Protestant Church in Mainland China. History The church was founded in 1933. Th ...
, designed by Hamburg-based architects
Gerkan, Marg and Partners Gerkan, Marg & Partners (gmp) is an international architectural company based in Hamburg, Germany. The company was founded in 1965 by Meinhard von Gerkan and , and now has more than 300 employees in 13 offices. In the same year the archite ...
.Zhongguancun Christian Church
/ref> File:Central Beijing2.jpg, Near to
Tuspark The Tuspark or Tsinghua University Science Park, Tuspark Holding Limited is a Chinese high-tech company which builds business parks. It has buildings in Zhongguancun of Beijing, in Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu and in Nanjing. It has 30 branches ...
File:Central Beijing4.jpg, Offices of
Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation producing computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services headquartered at the Microsoft Redmond campus located in Redmond, Washing ...
,
Sohu Sohu, Inc. () is a Chinese Internet company headquartered in the Sohu Internet Plaza in Haidian District, Beijing. Sohu and its subsidiaries offer advertising, a search engine (Sogou.com), on-line multiplayer gaming (ChangYou.com) and other ser ...
File:Central beijing.jpg,


Transportation

Beijing Subway The Beijing Subway is the rapid transit system of Beijing Municipality that consists of 25 lines including 20 rapid transit lines, two airport rail links, one maglev line and 2 light rail lines, and 463 stations. The rail network extends acro ...
Line 4 runs through the Zhongguancun area with stops at Zhongguancun Station and Haidianhuangzhuang Station. Haidianhuangzhuang is also a transfer station with Line 10. In addition, Zhongguancun is served by many of Beijing's buses.


See also

*
List of technology centers This is a list of technology centers throughout the world. Government planners and business networks often incorporate "silicon" or "valley" into place names to describe their own areas as a result of the success of Silicon Valley in Califor ...
around the world *
China Beijing Equity Exchange China Beijing Equity Exchange (CBEX; ) is an equity transaction bourse and platform run by the government of Beijing for mergers, acquisitions and restructuring of state-owned enterprises. Background China Beijing Equity Exchange was established ...
*
China Milan Equity Exchange CMEX (China Milan Equity Exchange) is the first equity exchange platform set up in Europe to help European companies gain access to the ongoing privatization process of Chinese State-owned enterprises. China's equity exchanges were set up by the ...
* Zhongguancun Administrative Committee *
Zhongguancun Subdistrict Zhongguancun Subdistrict () is a subdistrict on the southeast of Haidian District, Beijing, China. It shares border with Qinghuayuan Subdistrict and Dongsheng Town in the north, Xueyuan Road, Huayuan Road and Beitaipingzhuang Subdistricts in the ...


Further reading

* *


References


External links


Article with photos of Zhongguancun's development since the 1980sMichael Rogers MSNBC Article on ZhongguancunHilon Market Building (in Chinese)
{{coord, 39, 58, 52, N, 116, 18, 32, E, display=title, region:CN_type:landmark_source:dewiki Economy of Beijing Haidian District Science parks in China Information technology places Neighbourhoods of Beijing Township-level divisions of Beijing