Zhangwan District () is a district of the city of

Shiyan Shiyan () is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Hubei, China, bordering Henan to the northeast, Chongqing to the southwest, and Shaanxi to the north and west. At the 2020 census, its population was 3,209,004 of whom 1,033,407 lived in the ...

Hubei Hubei (; ; alternately Hupeh) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the Central China region. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Dongting Lake. The p ...

, People's Republic of China.

History

Human activity in the area can be traced back to approximately 5000 BCE on the banks of the

Du River The Du is a river mainly in northwestern Hubei Province, China with sources in Shaanxi Province Shaanxi (alternatively Shensi, see § Name) is a landlocked province of China. Officially part of Northwest China, it borders the province-level ...

. The area belonged to the

Chu State Chu, or Ch'u in Wade–Giles romanization, (, Hanyu Pinyin: Chǔ, Old Chinese: ''*s-r̥aʔ'') was a Zhou dynasty vassal state. Their first ruler was King Wu of Chu in the early 8th century BCE. Chu was located in the south of the Zhou ...

during its existence. The area later belonged to the

Qin Dynasty The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...

. The area was incorporated under the Jin Dynasty as Weiyang County (). During the

Sui Dynasty The Sui dynasty (, ) was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China that lasted from 581 to 618. The Sui unified the Northern and Southern dynasties, thus ending the long period of division following the fall of the Western Jin dynasty, and la ...

and the early

Tang Dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, t= ), or Tang Empire, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907 AD, with an Zhou dynasty (690–705), interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dyn ...

, the area was incorporated as Duyang County (). In 627 CE, the county was dissolved and replaced by Yunxiang County (). Yunxiang County would itself be dissolved in 1277 under the

Southern Song The Song dynasty (; ; 960–1279) was an imperial dynasty of China that began in 960 and lasted until 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song following his usurpation of the throne of the Later Zhou. The Song conquered the rest ...

, and replaced by Yun County (). The area would remain as Yun County throughout subsequent dynasties, and through the rule of the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeas ...

. In December 1947, Yun County was taken by Communist forces. In subsequent years, the area would be re-organized multiple times. The

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. During the Republican era, many of Chi ...

was established in December 1969. Zhangwan was established as a county-level

subdistrict A subdistrict or sub-district is an administrative division that is generally smaller than a district. Equivalents * Administrative posts of East Timor, formerly Portuguese-language * Kelurahan, in Indonesia * Mukim, a township in Brunei, In ...

() in November, 1980. In May 1984, Zhangwan was re-organized as a

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...

(). On 13 June 2021, a

gas explosion A gas explosion is an explosion resulting from mixing a gas, typically from a gas leak, with air in the presence of an ignition source. In household accidents, the principal explosive gases are those used for heating or cooking purposes such as n ...

occurred in Zhangwan District.

Geography

The district is located near the geographic center of

, bordering

Maojian District Maojian District () is a district in the prefecture-level city of Shiyan, Hubei, China. Maojian District spans an area of 578 square kilometers, and is home to 410,100 permanent residents ( ''huji'' population). The district serves as the seat of ...

to its southeast, and bordering

Yunyang District Yunyang District (), formerly Yun County or Yunxian (), is a district of the prefecture-level city of Shiyan in northwestern Hubei Province, China. It borders the provinces of Henan (to the northeast) and Shaanxi (to the north and west). The d ...

elsewhere.

Climate

Zhangwan District has a

subtropical climate The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north a ...

with four distinct seasons, long winters and summers, and short springs and autumns. The average annual sunshine in the district is 1889.3 hours, the annual average temperature is 15.25 °C, and the annual average precipitation is 1000.8 millimetres.

Administrative divisions

Zhangwan District administers 4 subdistricts, 2

towns A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world. Origin and use The word "town" shares an or ...

, 2

townships A township is a kind of human settlement or administrative subdivision, with its meaning varying in different countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, that tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, C ...

, and 4 other

township-level divisions The administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times, due to China's large population and geographical area. The constitution of China provides for three levels of government. However in practice, there ...

. The district's 4 subdistricts are , , Checheng Road Subdistrict, and . The district's 2 towns are and . The district's 2 townships are and . The district's 4 other township-level divisions are the Xicheng Development Zone (), the Shiyan Industrial New Area (), the Qinjiaping Forestry Area (), and the Fenghuangshan Tea Farm ().

Demographics

In the 2010 Chinese Census, Zhangwan had a population of 368,471 people. By 2015, the district's population rose to approximately 399,000 people. By 2018, the district's population had risen further to approximately 415,000 people.

Economy

As of 2018, Zhangwan District reported a

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is ofte ...

of 55.905 billion Yuan, of which, the

primary sector The primary sector of the economy includes any industry involved in the extraction and production of raw materials, such as farming, logging, fishing, forestry and mining. The primary sector tends to make up a larger portion of the economy ...

contributed 0.288 billion Yuan, the

secondary sector In macroeconomics, the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing. It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construc ...

contributed 37.462 billion Yuan, and the

tertiary sector The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle). The others are the primary sector (raw materials) and the second ...

contributed 18.155 billion Yuan. In 2018, retail sales in the district totaled 15.3 billion Yuan, and government revenue totaled 1.09 billion Yuan. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishing contributed 489 million Yuan to the district's economy in 2018, the majority of which came from agriculture. Major agricultural products in the district include

wheat Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus ''Triticum'' ; the most widely grown is common wheat (''T. aestivum''). The archaeologi ...

corn Maize ( ; ''Zea mays'' subsp. ''mays'', from es, maíz after tnq, mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The ...

rice Rice is the seed of the grass species '' Oryza sativa'' (Asian rice) or less commonly ''Oryza glaberrima'' (African rice). The name wild rice is usually used for species of the genera '' Zizania'' and '' Porteresia'', both wild and domesticat ...

, and tea. Industry in the district is dominated by

Dongfeng Motors Dongfeng Motor Corporation Ltd. is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhan, Hubei. Founded in 1969, it is currently the third largest of the " Big Four" state-owned car manufacturers of China, namely: SAIC Motor, FAW ...

, which operates a number of manufacturing plants in the district, producing commercial vehicles, off-road vehicles, and auto chassis. The district government is partaking in an ongoing poverty alleviation program, which it spent 390 million Yuan on in 2018, aiding 7,639 people. A number of natural sites in the district have been outfitted with tourism infrastructure, and there is significant tourism to Dongfeng's current and historic plants in the district.

Transportation

Rail

The Xiangyang–Chongqing railway runs through the district.

Road

National Highway 209, National Highway 316, and the

Yinchuan Yinchuan (, ; ) is the capital of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, and was the capital of the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty. It has an area of and a total population of 2,859,074 according to the 2020 Chinese census, and its built ...

Wuhan Wuhan (, ; ; ) is the capital of Hubei Province in the People's Republic of China. It is the largest city in Hubei and the most populous city in Central China, with a population of over eleven million, the ninth-most populous Chinese city a ...

section of the G70 Expressway all pass through the district.

References

{{authority control County-level divisions of Hubei Shiyan