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Yevamot ( he, יבמות, "Brother's Widow", also pronounced Yevamos, or Yavmus) is a tractate of the
Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law ('' halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the ce ...
that deals with, among other concepts, the laws of
Yibbum Yibbum (, Hebrew: ייבום) is the form of levirate marriage found in Judaism. As specified by , the brother of a man who died without children is permitted and encouraged to marry the widow. However, if either of the parties refuses to go throu ...
(, loosely translated in English as levirate marriage), and, briefly, with conversion to Judaism. This tractate is the first in the order of Nashim (, "Women"). Yevamot, along with Eruvin and
Niddah Niddah (or nidah; he, נִדָּה), in traditional Judaism, describes a woman who has experienced a uterine discharge of blood (most commonly during menstruation), or a woman who has menstruated and not yet completed the associated requirem ...
, is considered one of the three most difficult tractates in the
Babylonian Talmud The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cent ...
. A Hebrew mnemonic for the three is (''ani'', meaning "poverty").
Jacob Emden Jacob Emden, also known as Ya'avetz (June 4, 1697 April 19, 1776), was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was acclaimed in all circles for his ...
, ''Mitpachat Sefarim'' 4:174


Contents

''Yibbum'' is the
Torah The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the ...
law () by which the brother of a man who died without children is allowed and expected to marry the widow. This law only applies to paternal brothers, i.e., brothers by the same father; whether they have the same mother or different mothers is irrelevant. The deceased's widow(s) is forbidden to marry anyone else while waiting for one of the brothers to marry her, or release to her by performing a ceremony known as
Halizah ''Halizah'' (or ''chalitzah''; he, חליצה) is, under the biblical system of levirate marriage known as ''yibbum'', the process by which a childless widow and a brother of her deceased husband may avoid the duty to marry. The process invol ...
. In any case where Yibbum applies, Halitsah may be performed as an alternative. There are numerous cases discussed in this tractate where Yibbum does not apply, and therefore Haliysah does not apply either. English translation for this type of union is “Levirate Marriage,” from the Latin “Levir,” which means brother in law.


Chapter headings

# Chamesh Esreh Nashim חמש עשרה נשים # Keytzad Eshet Achiv כיצד אשת אחיו # (Arba'ah Achim) (ארבעה אחים) # Hacholetz Livamto החולץ ליבמתו # Rabban Gamli'el רבן גמליאל # Habba Al Yevimto הבא על יבמתו # Almanah Lekhohen Gadol אלמנה לכהן גדול # He'arel הערל # Yesh Muttarot יש מותרות # (Ha'ishah Shehalakh Balah Limdinat Hayam) (האישה שהלך בעלה למדינת הים) # Nose'in Al Ha'anusah נושאין על האנוסה # Mitzvat Chalitzah מצות חליצה # Beit Shamay Omrim Eyn Mema'anin בית שמאי אומרים אין ממאנין # Cheresh Shennasa חרש שנשא # Ha'ishah Shehalekhah Hi האשה שהלכה היא , Ha'ishah ... Shalom האשה ... שלום # Ha'ishah Batra האשה בתרא , Ha'ishah Shehalekhah Balah Vetzaratah האשה שהלכה בעלה וצרתה


References

Talmud Widow inheritance Jewish marital law {{Judaism-book-stub