''Ybyrapora'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ...

spider Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

s in the family

Theraphosidae Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although m ...

(tarantulas), found in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. Its species were formerly placed in the genus '' Avicularia''.

Description

''Ybrapora'' consists of species that are smaller than most aviculariines. Females have strongly curved, almost non-sclerotized (i.e. non-hardened) spermathecae. The tibial apophysis (outgrowth) on the first leg is absent or small. Individuals show major colour changes as they mature. Immature spiders have a central reddish mark with jagged edges running along the centre of the abdomen, surrounded by a dark area connected to similarly dark coloured stripes running across the abdomen. These patterns become duller or disappear in adults, particularly females. File:Ybyrapora gamba immature ZK295.jpg, Immature ''Y. gamba'' File:Ybyrapora gamba female ZK296.jpg, Adult female ''Y. gamba'' File:Ybyrapora gamba male ZK297.jpg, Adult male ''Y. gamba'' File:Ybyrapora sooretama female ZK298.jpg, Adult female ''Y. sooretama''

Taxonomy

The genus was erected by

Caroline Sayuri Fukushima Caroline may refer to: People *Caroline (given name), a feminine given name * J. C. Caroline (born 1933), American college and National Football League player * Jordan Caroline (born 1996), American (men's) basketball player Places Antarctica * ...

and Rogério Bertani in 2017 for three species formerly placed in '' Avicularia'' which they regarded as distinct, both in their morphology and distribution. The genus name is derived from the

Tupi language Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi (also spelled as Tupí) is an extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the aboriginal Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. It belongs to ...

and means "tree dweller", referring to the arboreal habit of the genus.

Phylogeny

A morphological phylogenetic study in 2017 suggested that the genus is most closely related to ''

Iridopelma ''Iridopelma'' is a genus of Brazilian tarantulas that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1901. Diagnosis Males of this genus can be distinguished by the tibial spurs on leg 1 and 2, while females differ from most other genera by th ...

'', forming a

clade A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English ter ...

with '' Antillena'', ''

Caribena ''Caribena'' is a genus of spiders in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas), found in the Antilles. The two species accepted were formerly placed in ''Avicularia''. Apart from a different distribution – ''Avicularia'' species are found in mai ...

'', ''Iridopelma'' and '' Pachistopelma'', distinct from '' Avicularia'':

Species

, the

World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ...

accepted the following species, all transferred from '' Avicularia'': *'' Ybyrapora diversipes'' (C.L. Koch, 1842) – Brazil *'' Ybyrapora gamba'' (Bertani & Fukushima, 2009) – Brazil *'' Ybyrapora sooretama'' (Bertani & Fukushima, 2009) (

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specim ...

) – Brazil

Distribution and habitat

''Ybrapora'' species are found in the

Atlantic rainforest The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and ...

, from

Bahia Bahia ( , , ; meaning "bay") is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country. It is the fourth-largest Brazilian state by population (after São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro) and the 5th-larges ...

to the south of

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q28924549 Theraphosidae Spiders of Brazil Theraphosidae genera