The Yazidids () or Mazyadids (after their ancestor Mazyad al-Shaybani) or Shaybanids (after
Banu Shayban The Banu Shayban () is an Arab tribe, a branch of the Bakr ibn Wa'il group. Throughout the early Islamic era, the tribe was settled chiefly in the Jazira, and played an important role in its history.
History
In the pre-Islamic period, the Shayb ...
), were an
Arab
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Western Asia, ...
family what came to rule over the region of
Shirvan
Shirvan (from fa, شروان, translit=Shirvān; az, Şirvan; Tat: ''Şirvan''), also spelled as Sharvān, Shirwan, Shervan, Sherwan and Šervān, is a historical Iranian region in the eastern Caucasus, known by this name in both pre-Islam ...
(in
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...
) in the mid 9th century. Starting from
Haytham ibn Khalid
Haytham ibn Khalid was the first Shirvanshah, or independent ruler of Shirvan, renouncing the suzerainty of the Abbasid Caliphate in 861 and beginning the Mazyadid dynasty.
Biography
He was the son of the Shaybani Arab Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shayb ...
's assumption of the ancient Iranian title of ''
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
'' in 861, they practically broke free of
Abbasid
The Abbasid Caliphate ( or ; ar, الْخِلَافَةُ الْعَبَّاسِيَّة, ') was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abdul-Mutta ...
control and was therefore out of scope for most chroniclers of the Caliphate.
Branches
The dynasty was named after
Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani
Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani ( ar, يزيد بن مزيد الشيباني, Yazīd ibn Mazyad al-Shaybānī; died 801) was an Arab general and governor who served the Abbasid Caliphate.
Biography
Yazid was member of the Shayban tribe, dominant ...
, an Abbasid
Governor
A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...
of
Arminiya
Arminiya, also known as the Ostikanate of Arminiya ( hy, Արմինիա ոստիկանություն, ''Arminia vostikanut'yun'') or the Emirate of Armenia ( ar, إمارة أرمينيا, ''imārat Arminiya''), was a political and geographic de ...
h. Yazidid dynasty was first generation of whole independent
Shirvanshahs
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
. Dynasty ruled both
Shirvan
Shirvan (from fa, شروان, translit=Shirvān; az, Şirvan; Tat: ''Şirvan''), also spelled as Sharvān, Shirwan, Shervan, Sherwan and Šervān, is a historical Iranian region in the eastern Caucasus, known by this name in both pre-Islam ...
and
Layzan, until latter invaded
Shamakhy
Shamakhi ( az, Şamaxı, ) is a city in Azerbaijan and the administrative centre of the Shamakhi District. The city's estimated population was 31,704. It is famous for its traditional dancers, the Shamakhi Dancers, and also for perhaps giving i ...
and united crowns.
The dynasty was a vassal and tributary state to
Sallarids
The Sallarid dynasty ( fa, سالاریان), (also known as the Musafirids or Langarids) was a Muslim dynasty, of Daylami origin, which ruled in Tarom, Samiran, Daylam, Gilan and subsequently Azerbaijan, Arran, and some districts in Eastern Arm ...
,
Sajids
The Sajid dynasty ( fa, ساجیان, sajyan), was an Iranian Muslim dynasty that ruled from 889/890 until 929. The Sajids ruled Azerbaijan and parts of Armenia first from Maragha and Barda and then from Ardabil.''Azerbaijan IV'', C.E. Bosworth, ' ...
and others. The Mazyadid reign is largely unexplored due to lack of sources. Sometimes numismatic evidences are the only sources about reign and existence of shahs.
Genealogy
* Mazyad b. Za'ida
**
Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani
Yazid ibn Mazyad al-Shaybani ( ar, يزيد بن مزيد الشيباني, Yazīd ibn Mazyad al-Shaybānī; died 801) was an Arab general and governor who served the Abbasid Caliphate.
Biography
Yazid was member of the Shayban tribe, dominant ...
,
Ostikan (d. )
*** Muhammad ibn Yazid,
Ostikan ()
***
Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani
Asad ibn Yazid al-Shaybani () was an Arab general and governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, active in the early 9th century.
Asad was a member of the Shayban tribe, dominant in the region of Diyar Bakr in the northern Jazira,Ter-Ghevondyan (1976 ...
,
Ostikan (d. )
***
Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani (in Arabic خالد بن يزيد الشيباني) was an Arab general and governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, active in the second quarter of the 9th century.
Khalid was a member of the Shayban tribe, dominant in t ...
,
Ostikan (802–844)
****
Muhammad ibn Khalid al-Shaybani Muhammad ibn Khalid ibn Yazid al-Shaybani ( ar, محمد بن خالد بن يزيد الشيباني) was an Arab general and governor for the Abbasid Caliphate, active in the Caliphate's Caucasian provinces in the 9th century.
Muhammad was a memb ...
,
Ostikan (
****
Haytham I,
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
(861–?)
*****
Muhammad I,
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
******
Haytham II,
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
*******
Ali I,
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
(?–917)
******** Abbas
********* Abu Bakr
**** Yazid ibn Khalid,
Layzanshah
Layzanshah or Shah of Layzan was a historical title given to the lords of Layzan. According to the researcher of the region's history, Vladimir Minorsky, the title was first granted to local rulers by their Sassanid Persian overlords. Later the t ...
(861–?)
*****
Muhammad I,
Layzanshah
Layzanshah or Shah of Layzan was a historical title given to the lords of Layzan. According to the researcher of the region's history, Vladimir Minorsky, the title was first granted to local rulers by their Sassanid Persian overlords. Later the t ...
(?–917)
******
Yazid I
Yazid ibn Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan ( ar, يزيد بن معاوية بن أبي سفيان, Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn ʾAbī Sufyān; 64611 November 683), commonly known as Yazid I, was the second caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate. He ruled from ...
(917–948)
******* Abd ul-Badr ibn Yazid
******* Ahmad,
Emir of Derbent ()
******** Abul-Haytham
*******
Muhammad II —
Layzanshah
Layzanshah or Shah of Layzan was a historical title given to the lords of Layzan. According to the researcher of the region's history, Vladimir Minorsky, the title was first granted to local rulers by their Sassanid Persian overlords. Later the t ...
(917–948),
Tabasaranshah (917–948),
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
(948–956)
********
Haytham ibn Muhammad,
Tabasaranshah (948–?)
********
Ahmad
Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet.
Etymology
The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...
,
Layzanshah
Layzanshah or Shah of Layzan was a historical title given to the lords of Layzan. According to the researcher of the region's history, Vladimir Minorsky, the title was first granted to local rulers by their Sassanid Persian overlords. Later the t ...
(948–956),
Shirvanshah
''Shirvanshah'' ( fa, شروانشاه), also spelled as ''Shīrwān Shāh'' or ''Sharwān Shāh'', was the title of the rulers of Shirvan from the mid-9th century to the early 16th century. The title remained in a single family, the Yazidids, ...
(948–981)
*********
Muhammad III (981–991)
*********
Yazid II
Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik ( ar, يزيد بن عبد الملك, Yazīd ibn ʿAbd al-Malik; — 28 January 724), also referred to as Yazid II, was the ninth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 9 February 720 until his death in 724.
Early life
Yazid was b ...
(991–1027)
********** ''Became ancestor of
Kasranids
The Kasranids (Persian: سلسله کسرانی) were a branch of the Shirvanshahs, who ruled the Shirvan region for 387 years. The word "Kasra" was derived from legendary king Kai Khosrow of Iran, reflecting a shift in naming tradition from Arabic ...
''
********* Haytham ibn Ahmad,
Tabasaranshah (?–1025)
** Ahmad,
Ostikan ()
The Mazyadids were succeeded by
Kasranids
The Kasranids (Persian: سلسله کسرانی) were a branch of the Shirvanshahs, who ruled the Shirvan region for 387 years. The word "Kasra" was derived from legendary king Kai Khosrow of Iran, reflecting a shift in naming tradition from Arabic ...
which is regarded as the start of the cultural
Persianization
Persianization () or Persification (; fa, پارسیسازی), is a sociological process of cultural change in which a non-Persian society becomes " Persianate", meaning it either directly adopts or becomes strongly influenced by the Persian ...
of Shirvan.
References
Sources
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Medieval Azerbaijan
Arab dynasties
Banu Shayban
Shirvanshahs
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