Yalë language
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The Yalë language, also known as Nagatman, is spoken in northwestern
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...
. It may be related to the
Kwomtari languages The Senu River languages are a small language family spoken in the Senu River watershed of Papua New Guinea. They consist at least of the Kwomtari languages, Kwomtari and Nai, with several additional languages more distantly related to them. ...
, but Palmer (2018) classifies it as a language isolate. There were 600 speakers in 1991 and 30 monolinguals at an unrecorded date. Yalë is spoken in Nagatiman () and several other villages of
Green River Rural LLG Green River Rural LLG is a local-level government (LLG) of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located along the border with Keerom Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia. Rivers Rivers that flow through the LLG include the Samaia River. La ...
in
Sandaun Province Sandaun Province (formerly West Sepik Province) is the northwesternmost mainland province of Papua New Guinea. It covers an area of 35,920 km2 (13868 m2) and has a population of 248,411 (2011 census). The capital is Vanimo. In July 1998 the a ...
. Foley (2018) reports a total of six villages. Yalë is in extensive trade and contact with Busa, a likely language isolate spoken just to the south. Yalë has complex verbal inflection and SOV word order.


Pronouns

Pronouns are: :


Grammar

Verbal conjugation affixes are: *-''d'': generic marker *-''t'': transitive marker *-''b'': intransitive marker Most nouns are not pluralized, and only nouns with human or animate reference or with high local salience may be pluralized using the suffix -''rɛ'' ~ -''re'': *''nɛba-re'' /child-PL/ ‘children’ *''ama-re'' /dog-PL/ ‘dogs’ *''dife-rɛ'' /village-PL/ ‘villages’ Other plural nouns are irregular: *''aya-nino'' /father-PL/ ‘fathers’ *''mise'' ‘woman’, ''one'' ‘women’


Vocabulary

The following basic vocabulary words are from Conrad and Dye (1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: :


Further reading

*Campbell, Carl and Jody Campbell. 1987. ''Yadë Grammar Essentials''. Unpublished manuscript. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics. *Campbell, Carl and Jody Campbell. 1990. ''Yadë (Nagatman) – English Dictionary''. Unpublished manuscript. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics. *Campbell, Carl and Jody Campbell. 1997. ''Yalë (Nagatman, Yadë) Phonology Essentials''. Unpublished manuscript. Ukarumpa, PNG: Summer Institute of Linguistics.


References


External links


Nagatiman language word list at TransNewGuinea.org
*
Paradisec The Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC) is a cross-institutional project that supports work on endangered languages and cultures of the Pacific and the region around Australia. They digitise reel- ...
ha
an open access collection that includes Yalë language materials
from Don Laycock {{DEFAULTSORT:Yale Language Languages of Sandaun Province Guriaso–Yale languages Language isolates of New Guinea