Yíng () is an ancient
Chinese surname. It was the noble house name of the
Qin state
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted ex ...
during the
Eastern Zhou dynasty
The Eastern Zhou (; zh, c=, p=Dōngzhōu, w=Tung1-chou1, t= ; 771–256 BC) was a royal dynasty of China and the second half of the Zhou dynasty. It was divided into two periods: the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States.
History
In 770 ...
, and the royal name of the subsequent
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
.
Yíng Zheng was the first
emperor
An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...
of the unified Chinese empire.
Ying was one of the "
Eight Great ''Xing''s of High Antiquity" (), along with
Jī (),
Yáo (),
Sì (), Yún (),
Gui () and Rèn (), though some sources quote
Jí () as the last one instead of Rèn. Of these ''xing''s, only Jiang and Yao have survived in their original form to modern days as frequently occurring surnames, while Ji can still be seen occasionally. In the present day, the Ying surname is shared by less than 1000 people in
Mainland China
"Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. ...
, and is overall the 1520th-most common surname. In 2019, it was found that only exactly two people in
Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia, at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the nort ...
still had this surname.
There are however 14 clan names in
China derived from the same ancestral name Yíng.
Zhao, one of the most common Chinese surnames, is one such kind cadet surnames that descended from the Yíng name.
The origin of Yíng family
Shaohao
Shaohao or Shao Hao ( "Lesser Brightness"), also known Jin Tian (金天), was a legendary Chinese sovereign. Shaohao is usually identified as a son of the Yellow Emperor. According to some traditions (for example the '' Book of Documents''), he i ...
had a child
Gaoyao
Gaoyao, alternately romanized as Koyiu, is an urban district of Zhaoqing in western Guangdong, China. Population: 706,000.
Name
Gaoyao—literally "high-&-wanting"—is a former name of the Lingyang Gorge on the Xi River. It was original ...
, (皋陶). Gaoyao had a child,
Boyi (伯益). Boyi (伯益) was in charge of
flood control
Flood control methods are used to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters."Flood Control", MSN Encarta, 2008 (see below: Further reading). Flood relief methods are used to reduce the effects of flood waters or high water level ...
and got the surname Yíng (嬴), in the early
Xia Dynasty
The Xia dynasty () is the first dynasty in traditional Chinese historiography. According to tradition, the Xia dynasty was established by the legendary Yu the Great, after Shun, the last of the Five Emperors, gave the throne to him. In tradit ...
.
Yu the Great
Yu the Great (大禹) was a legendary king in ancient China who was famed for his introduction of flood control, his establishment of the Xia dynasty which inaugurated dynastic rule in China, and his upright moral character. He figures promine ...
granted state of
Dengfeng
Dengfeng (; postal: Tengfeng) is a county-level city of Henan Province, South Central China, it is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Zhengzhou.
Dengfeng has an area of and a population of 630,000. It occupies the south ...
to the son of Boyi (伯益). This became the
State of Yíng (英). Other children of Boyi (伯益) became the feudal lord of
Liu state (六), and
Xu state (徐), by order of
Yu the Great
Yu the Great (大禹) was a legendary king in ancient China who was famed for his introduction of flood control, his establishment of the Xia dynasty which inaugurated dynastic rule in China, and his upright moral character. He figures promine ...
. Later, the
Yíng (赢) tribe was founded in the state of Yíng (英), and the Liu (六) in, Xu (徐) in
Henan
Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...
.
[ Chinese wikipedia article 伯益]
The Yíng tribe were powerful feudal lords at the end of the
Shang Dynasty
The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and ...
period.
Feilian
Feilian (), also known as Xie Feng is the Chinese god of the wind, or Feng Bo. He is a winged dragon with the head of a deer and the tail of a snake. He carries wind with him in a bag and stirs up trouble. Feilian is kept in check by Houyi, the h ...
(蜚廉) of the
Yíng (皋) family was the General and feudal lord under
King Zhou of Shang
King Zhou (; ) was the pejorative posthumous name given to Di Xin of Shang () or King Shou of Shang (), the last king of the Shang dynasty of ancient China. He is also called Zhou Xin (). In Chinese, his name Zhòu ( 紂) also refers to a horse cr ...
. After the fall of the
Shang Dynasty
The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and ...
, the Yíng tribe moved to
Shanxi and
Gansu.
The
Yíng (皋) family's
Feizi
Feizi (; died 858 BC), also known by the title Qin Ying, was the founder of the ancient Chinese state of Qin, predecessor of the Qin Dynasty that would conquer all other Chinese states and unite China in 221 BC.
Mythical origin of Qin
Accordi ...
(非子, Biza) received
Qin County
Qin County or Qinxian () is a county in the southeast-central part of Shanxi province, China. It is under the administration of Changzhi city.
It comprises the towns of Dingchang (定昌镇), Guocun (郭村镇), Guxian (故县镇), Xindian ( ...
(秦邑) in
Shanxi from
King Xiao of Zhou
King Xiao of Zhou (), personal name Ji Bifang, was the eighth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Estimated dates of his reign are 891–886 BC or 872–866 BC.
He was a son of King Mu and brother of King Gong.
His reign is poorly documented. ...
, thereby beginning the
Qin Dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
lineage.
The
Bai people, of the old Chinese
Yíng, the
Xu people, the
Qiang people
The Qiang people ( Qiangic: ''Rrmea''; ) are an ethnic group in China. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, with a population of approximately 310,000 in 2000. They live mainly in a ...
, and some
nomad
A nomad is a member of a community without fixed habitation who regularly moves to and from the same areas. Such groups include hunter-gatherers, pastoral nomads (owning livestock), tinkers and trader nomads. In the twentieth century, the po ...
tribes were found in the area of the
Qin (state)
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted e ...
. Also, in the
Qin (state)
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted e ...
, at the time of
Duke Mu of Qin, the
Xirong
Xirong () or Rong were various people who lived primarily in and around the western extremities of ancient China (in modern Gansu and Qinghai). They were known as early as the Shang dynasty (1765–1122 BCE), as one of the Four Barbarians that fr ...
people joined the
Qin (state)
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted e ...
, by way of service in/with the army of
Qin (state)
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted e ...
. The
Yíng royal family of
Qin (state)
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted e ...
got various surnames from many surname of their Citizens.
From the time of
Duke Zhuang of Qin
Duke Zhuang of Qin (, died 778 BC) was from 821 to 778 BC the fifth ruler of the Zhou Dynasty state of Qin that eventually united China to become the Qin Dynasty. His ancestral name was Ying ().
Reign
Duke Zhuang became the Qin ruler after his fa ...
,
Longxi County in
Gansu and the surrounding territory was part of the
Qin (state)
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted e ...
. It merged into the territory of the
Xiongnu
The Xiongnu (, ) were a tribal confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Eurasian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD. Modu Chanyu, the supreme leader after 20 ...
, after the fall of the
Qin Dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
; although citizens of the
Yíng family remained in Longxi of
Gansu.
Evolution of the Yíng clan
'Yíng' pronunciation in Mandarin
Surname, Yíng
*
Yíng (surname) (嬴) from
Boyi the founder of
Yíng (state) (英國)
*
Jin (surname) (金) from
Shaohao
Shaohao or Shao Hao ( "Lesser Brightness"), also known Jin Tian (金天), was a legendary Chinese sovereign. Shaohao is usually identified as a son of the Yellow Emperor. According to some traditions (for example the '' Book of Documents''), he i ...
, Original only
*
Qi (surname)
Qi is the romanization of several Chinese family names, including 祁 (Qí), 齊/齐 (Qí), 戚 (Qī), 乞 (Qí), 奇 (Qí), 亓 (Qí) and 綦 (Qí).
Qí (祁) surname
Qi (祁, also commonly written as Chi, and Kei in Cantonese) is a Chinese sur ...
(祁) from
Shaohao
Shaohao or Shao Hao ( "Lesser Brightness"), also known Jin Tian (金天), was a legendary Chinese sovereign. Shaohao is usually identified as a son of the Yellow Emperor. According to some traditions (for example the '' Book of Documents''), he i ...
*
Xu (surname) Xu can refer to the following Chinese surnames that are homographs when Romanized using their Mandarin pronunciations:
* Xu (surname 徐)
* Xu (surname 許)
* Xu (surname 須)
The tones of these surnames are different in Mandarin, but if the ...
(徐) of
Qin (state)
Qin () was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted e ...
*
Li Surname (里) from
Gaoyao
Gaoyao, alternately romanized as Koyiu, is an urban district of Zhaoqing in western Guangdong, China. Population: 706,000.
Name
Gaoyao—literally "high-&-wanting"—is a former name of the Lingyang Gorge on the Xi River. It was original ...
*
Li Surname (理) from
Gaoyao
Gaoyao, alternately romanized as Koyiu, is an urban district of Zhaoqing in western Guangdong, China. Population: 706,000.
Name
Gaoyao—literally "high-&-wanting"—is a former name of the Lingyang Gorge on the Xi River. It was original ...
*
Li (surname)
Li, li, or LI may refer to:
Businesses and organizations
* Landscape Institute, a British professional body for landscape architects
* Leadership Institute, a non-profit organization located in Arlington, Virginia, US, that teaches "political te ...
(李) from
Li Shiji
Li Shiji (594?The ''Old Book of Tang'' indicated that Li Shiji was 75 at the time of his death, while the ''New Book of Tang'' indicated that Li Shiji was 85 at the time of his death. Compare ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 67 with ''New Book of Tang ...
(李世勣) the
Xu Shiji
Li Shiji (594?The ''Old Book of Tang'' indicated that Li Shiji was 75 at the time of his death, while the ''New Book of Tang'' indicated that Li Shiji was 85 at the time of his death. Compare ''Old Book of Tang'', vol. 67 with ''New Book of Tang ...
(徐世勣)
*
Gao (surname)
Gao () is an East Asian surname of Chinese origin that can be literally translated as "high" or "tall". There are approximately 16 million living people with this surname. Some places, such as Taiwan, usually romanise this family name into "Kao". I ...
(高) from
Xu (surname) Xu can refer to the following Chinese surnames that are homographs when Romanized using their Mandarin pronunciations:
* Xu (surname 徐)
* Xu (surname 許)
* Xu (surname 須)
The tones of these surnames are different in Mandarin, but if the ...
(徐)
*
Yan (surname)
Yan is a surname in several languages and the pinyin romanization for several Chinese surnames, including " ()", " ()", " ()", " ()", " ()", " ()", " ()", " ()", " ()" in simplified (traditional) form.
These characters are romanised as ''Yen'' in ...
(嚴) of
Qin Dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
*
Zhang (surname)
Zhang () is the third most common surname in China and Taiwan (commonly spelled as "Chang" in Taiwan), and it is one of the most common surnames in the world. Zhang is the pinyin romanization of the very common Chinese surname written in simpl ...
(張) from
Zhang Yi, Original only
*
Qin (surname)
Qín () (秦) is a common Chinese surname. "Qin" is the hanyu pinyin romanization of the surname for Mandarin, the common dialect of China; other romanizations of the surname include Chin and Jin in Mandarin, Ceon and Cheun in Cantonese, and T ...
(秦) of
Qin Dynasty
The Qin dynasty ( ; zh, c=秦朝, p=Qín cháo, w=), or Ch'in dynasty in Wade–Giles romanization ( zh, c=, p=, w=Ch'in ch'ao), was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Named for its heartland in Qin state (modern Gansu and Shaanxi), ...
*
Feng (surname) Feng may refer to:
* Feng (surname), one of several Chinese surnames in Mandarin:
** Féng (surname) ( wikt:冯 féng 2nd tone "gallop"), very common Chinese surname
** Fèng (surname) ( wikt:鳳 fèng 4th tone "phoenix"), relatively common Chinese ...
(奉)
*
Xiao (surname)
Xiao (; ) is a Chinese-language surname. In the Wade-Giles system of romanization, it is rendered as Hsiao, which is commonly used in Taiwan. It is also romanized as Siauw, Shiao, Sjauw, Siaw, Siew, Siow, Seow, Siu, Shiu or Sui, as well as " S ...
(蕭)
*
Fei (surname)
Fei () is a traditional Chinese surname. It was 65th in the Hundred Family Surnames.K. S. Tom. 989(1989). Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Middle Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. .
This surname has three main sources. Two o ...
(费)
*
Pei (surname) (裴)
*
Jiang (surname) (江) from
Boyi (伯益),
Henan
Henan (; or ; ; alternatively Honan) is a landlocked province of China, in the central part of the country. Henan is often referred to as Zhongyuan or Zhongzhou (), which literally means "central plain" or "midland", although the name is al ...
based
*
Zhao (surname)
Zhao (; ) is a Chinese-language surname, means “walk quickly” and “jump” in ancient Chinese, and is the 1st surname in the famous Hundred Family Surnames – the traditional list of all Chinese surnames – because it was the emperor' ...
(赵) from
Gaoyang (高揚)
*
Gao (surname)
Gao () is an East Asian surname of Chinese origin that can be literally translated as "high" or "tall". There are approximately 16 million living people with this surname. Some places, such as Taiwan, usually romanise this family name into "Kao". I ...
(高) from two syllable surname
Gaoyang (高揚)
*
Cao (surname) (曹) from
Gaoyang (高揚)
*
Zhu (surname)
Zhu is the pinyin romanization of five Chinese surnames: 朱, 祝, 竺, 猪 and 諸.
The most prominent of the five, Zhu ( 朱), is the 17th name in the ''Hundred Family Surnames'' poem and was the surname of the Ming dynasty emperors. It ...
(朱) from
Gaoyang (高揚), Original only
*
Qian (surname)
Qian (; Shanghainese: ), also spelt Chin, Chien, Tsien, or Zee in Wu Chinese, is a common Chinese family name. The name literally means "money". Qian is listed at the second place in the Song Dynasty text ''Hundred Family Surnames'', in the lin ...
(錢) from
Gaoyang (高揚)
*
Yu (surname) (玉) from the
Gaoyang (高揚)
*
Dong (surname) (董) from
Gaoyang (高揚)
*
Liang (surname)
Liang (Romanization used in China, ) is an East Asian surname of Chinese origin. The surname is often transliterated as Leung (in Hong Kong) or Leong (in Macau, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines) according to its Cantonese and ...
(梁) the common
Yang
*
Huang (surname)
Huang (; ) is a Chinese surname that originally means and refers to jade people were wearing and decorating in ancient times. While ''Huáng'' is the pinyin romanization of the word, it may also be romanized as Hwang, Wong, Waan, Wan, Waon, Hw ...
(黃) from
Boyi (伯益)
*
Yang (surname)
Yang (; ) is the transcription of a Chinese family name. It is the sixth most common surname in Mainland China. It is the 16th surname on the '' Hundred Family Surnames'' text.
The Yang clan was founded by Boqiao, son of Duke Wu of Jin in the ...
(楊)
*
Ma (surname) (马)
*
Ge (surname) (葛)
*
Gu (surname)
Gu () is a Chinese family name. Some places such as South Korea, and early immigrants from Wu-speaking region in China usually romanize this family name as "Koo" or "Ku". It is the 93rd name on the ''Hundred Family Surnames'' poem.K. S. Tom. 989( ...
(谷)
*
Miào (surname) Miào () is a Chinese surname.
Notable people
* Cora Miao (繆騫人) is a Chinese actress
* Miao Boying (Chinese: 缪伯英) Chinese teacher, writer and revolutionary who became the first woman to join the Communist Party
* Miao Ruilin (缪瑞 ...
(缪)
*
Zhong (surname)
Zhong is pinyin transliteration of several Chinese surnames, including Zhōng (/), Zhòng (),mistakenly for Chóng, cf. :zh:种姓 and Zhòng (). These are also transliterated as Chung (especially in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Malaysia), Cheong or C ...
(钟)
*
Qu (surname) (瞿)
*
Ji (surname) Ji is the pinyin romanization of a number of distinct Chinese surnames that are written with different characters in Chinese. Depending on the character, it may be spelled Jī, Jí, Jǐ, or Jì when tone diacritics are used. In Wade–Giles they ...
(池)
See also
*
Feizi
Feizi (; died 858 BC), also known by the title Qin Ying, was the founder of the ancient Chinese state of Qin, predecessor of the Qin Dynasty that would conquer all other Chinese states and unite China in 221 BC.
Mythical origin of Qin
Accordi ...
*
Feilian
Feilian (), also known as Xie Feng is the Chinese god of the wind, or Feng Bo. He is a winged dragon with the head of a deer and the tail of a snake. He carries wind with him in a bag and stirs up trouble. Feilian is kept in check by Houyi, the h ...
*
Feng (surname) Feng may refer to:
* Feng (surname), one of several Chinese surnames in Mandarin:
** Féng (surname) ( wikt:冯 féng 2nd tone "gallop"), very common Chinese surname
** Fèng (surname) ( wikt:鳳 fèng 4th tone "phoenix"), relatively common Chinese ...
*
Si (surname)
*
Zi (surname)
Zi (子) was the royal surname of the Kings of the Shang dynasty, originally from their ancestor named Xie (契). After the fall of the Shang and the rise of the Zhou dynasty, the royal family changed their surname to Yīn (殷), the name of the ...
*
Ji (surname) Ji is the pinyin romanization of a number of distinct Chinese surnames that are written with different characters in Chinese. Depending on the character, it may be spelled Jī, Jí, Jǐ, or Jì when tone diacritics are used. In Wade–Giles they ...
*
Gui (surname)
*
Xiong (surname)
Xiong is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname 熊 (''Xióng''). It is 41st in the Hundred Family Surnames, contained in the verse 熊紀舒屈 (Xiong, Ji, Shu, Qu).
Romanizations
熊 is also romanized as Hsiung2 in Wade-Giles. It is ...
*
Jiang (surname)
*
Liu (surname)
*
Li (surname)
Li, li, or LI may refer to:
Businesses and organizations
* Landscape Institute, a British professional body for landscape architects
* Leadership Institute, a non-profit organization located in Arlington, Virginia, US, that teaches "political te ...
*
Jin (surname)
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ying (Chinese surname)
Chinese-language surnames
Individual Chinese surnames
Eight Great Surnames of Chinese Antiquity