Xiangnan Tuhua (), or simply Tuhua, is an unclassified Chinese variety of southeastern

Hunan Hunan (, ; ) is a landlocked province of the People's Republic of China, part of the South Central China region. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi ...

. It is spoken throughout most of

Yongzhou Yongzhou, formerly known as Lingling, is a prefecture-level city in the south of Hunan province, People's Republic of China, located on the southern bank of the Xiang River, which is formed by the confluence of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers, and b ...

prefecture (apart from Qiyang County in the northeast) and in the western half of

Chenzhou Chenzhou () is a prefecture-level city located in the south of Hunan province, China, bordering the provinces of Jiangxi to the east and Guangdong to the south. Its administrative area covers , 9.2% of the provincial area, and its total populatio ...

prefecture, in which Xiangnan dialects of Southwestern Mandarin are also spoken. There is likely significant non-Chinese influence such as Yao, and it may even have started out as Sinicized Yao. Xiangnan Tuhua is the language of

nüshu Nüshu () is a syllabic script derived from Chinese characters that was used exclusively among women in Jiangyong County in Hunan province of southern China.Proposatext Jiangyong County Jiangyong County () is a county of Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Yongzhou prefecture-level City. Located on the south margin of the province, it is bordered on the west by Guangxi. The county is bordered to the northea ...

in Yongzhou.Chiang (1995), p. 122.

References

External links

* Miyake, Marc. 2014. ''A dip into white waters''. (Part
1-4
. iangnan Tuhua historical phonology {{Chinese language Chinese-based pidgins and creoles Yao people