Woman with a Fan

''La Femme à l'Éventail'', or ''Woman with a Fan'', is a painting by the French artist Jean Metzinger. The work was exhibited in 1914 at Moderni Umeni, S.V.U. Mánes, Prague. A 1914 photograph taken at the exhibition in Prague was published in the magazine ''Zlatá Praha'' showing ''Woman with a Fan'' hanging next to another work by Metzinger known as '' En Canot (Im Boot, The Boat)'', 1913.Alex Mittelmann, 2012, ''Jean Metzinger, Divisionism, Cubism, Neoclassicism and Post-Cubism''
/ref> Donated by Mr and Mrs Sigmund Kunstadter in 1959, ''Woman with a Fan'' forms part of the permanent collection in Gallery 391B (Medieval to Modern European Painting and Sculpture) at the Art Institute of Chicago, US.

Description

''Woman with a Fan'', signed ''JMetzinger'' (lower left) is an oil painting on canvas with dimensions 92.7 x 65.7 cm (36 1/2 x 25 7/8 in.), representing an elegantly dressed Parisian woman, perhaps Lucie Soubiron, whom Metzinger married in 1909, painted in a geometrically Cubist style with a stylish feathered or plumed hat while holding a fan (visible to the lower right). A vase on a table and decorative wall paper can be seen in the background. The vertical composition is divided, fragmented or faceted into series rectangular and square surfaces accentuated by the flowing curvilinear forms of the models garments and hat.

Rather than depicting the ''Woman with a Fan'' from one point of view, Metzinger has used a 'mobile perspective' to portray the subject from a variety of locations and from different angles, her detailed face, neck and hat are observed from a succession of spatial angles or locations captured over an extended period of time, resulting in a complex series of profile and frontal views seen simultaneously.Daniel Robbins, ''Jean Metzinger: At the Center of Cubism'', 1985, Jean Metzinger in Retrospect, The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press

One of the most accomplished works of this period, ''Woman with a fan'' "anticipates Picasso in exploring the legacy of Neo-Impressionism:
:"The subject is again a woman with a plumed hat, but now the girl is a cohesive factor used to break down space and bring the figure and houses together. Here too, however, lines and planes take the forms of arabesques and decorative patterns. The constant use and re-use of Cubist structural devises in this manner suggests that Metzinger never ceased to consider them more than "mannerist" devices, through which reality was filtered but not basically altered." (Albright-Knox Art Gallery, 1967)Painters of the Section D'Or: The Alternatives to Cubism. Exhibition, September 27-October 22, 1967, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, 1967
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Here Metzinger is almost exclusively concerned with principles of pictorial construction: the interplay of horizontals, verticals and curves, with color playing an important but secondary role.

Rather than depicting the ''Woman with a Fan'' from one classical point of view, Metzinger has used a 'mobile perspective' to portray the subject from a variety of locations and from different angles. The images captured from multiple spatial view-points and at successive time intervals are all shown together on one canvas.Joann Moser, 1985, ''Jean Metzinger in Retrospect, Cubist Works, 1910–1921'', The University of Iowa Museum of Art, J. Paul Getty Trust, University of Washington Press. p. 43.

The observer now played an active role. The reconstruction of the ''total image'' was left to the creative intuition of each individual. The sum of the parts from which the 'total image' is composed now resides in the mind of the observer. The dynamism of form set in motion by the artist (who chose the multiple view points rather than just one), implicit or explicit within the properties of the work, could be reassembled and understood in an interactive dynamic process.Mark Antliff, Patricia Dee Leighten, ''Cubism and Culture'', Thames & Hudson, 2001

:"But we cannot enjoy in isolation" wrote Metzinger and Gleizes in ''Du "Cubisme"'',''Du "Cubisme"'', Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes, Edition Figuière, Paris, 1912 (First English edition: ''Cubism'', Unwin, London, 1913) "we wish to dazzle others with that which we daily snatch from the world of sense, and in return we wish others to show us their trophies."

This ''reciprocity'' between the artist and the public is perhaps one of the reasons Metzinger felt the need to include elements of the real world into his paintings of the period, untouched by the wrath of total abstraction. "The reminiscence of natural forms cannot be absolutely banished; not yet, at all events" wrote Metzinger and Gleizes in 1912. Art, to them, could not "be raised to the level of a pure effusion at the first step."

Related works

File:Jean Metzinger, 1912, Landscape (Marine, Composition Cubiste), oil on canvas, 51.4 x 68.6 cm, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University.jpg, Jean Metzinger, 1912, ''Landscape (Marine, Composition Cubiste)'', oil on canvas, 51.4 x 68.6 cm, Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University. Published i
Herwarth Walden, ''Einblick in Kunst: Expressionismus, Futurismus, Kubismus'' (1917)
Der Sturm, 1912 - 1917
File:Jean Metzinger, 1913, Le Canot, En Canot, Femme au Canot et a l'Ombrelle, Im Boot, approximate dimensions 150 x 116.5 cm.jpg, Jean Metzinger, 1913, '' En Canot (Im Boot)'', oil on canvas, 146 x 114 cm (57.5 in × 44.9 in), possibly destroyed by the Nazi regime after the Degenerate art exhibitions of 1937 and 1938
File:Albert Gleizes, 1913, Portrait de l’éditeur Eugène Figuière (The Publisher Eugene Figuiere), oil on canvas, 143.5 x 101.5 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon.jpg, Albert Gleizes, 1913, '' Portrait de l’éditeur Eugène Figuière (The Publisher Eugene Figuiere)'', oil on canvas, 143.5 x 101.5 cm, Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon
File:Pablo Picasso, 1913-14, L'Homme aux cartes (Card Player), oil on canvas, 108 x 89.5 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York.jpg, Pablo Picasso, 1913–14, ''L'Homme aux cartes (Card Player)'', oil on canvas, 108 x 89.5 cm, Museum of Modern Art, New York
File:Juan Gris - Violon et guitare - Google Art Project.jpg, Juan Gris, 1913, ''Violon et guitare (Violin and Guitar)'', oil on canvas, 81 x 60 cm, Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía
File:Juan Gris - Glass of Beer and Playing Cards.jpg, Juan Gris, 1913, ''Glass of Beer and Playing Cards'', oil on canvas, 54.9 x 37.8 cm, Columbus Museum of Art
File:Fernand Leger, 1918, Dans L'Usine, oil on canvas, 56 x 38 cm (22 x 15 in).jpg, Fernand Léger, 1918, ''Dans L'Usine'', oil on canvas, 56 x 38 cm (22 x 15 in), On the reverse titled ''Esquisse dans l'usine''
File:Gino Severini, 1919, Bohémien Jouant de L'Accordéon (The Accordion Player).jpg, Gino Severini, 1919, ''Bohémien Jouant de L'Accordéon (The Accordion Player)'', Museo del Novecento, Milan

Exhibitions

* Moderni Umeni, S.V.U. Mánes, Prague, 1914
* Iowa City, The University of Iowa Museum of Art, Jean Metzinger in Retrospective, August 31–October 13, 1985, no. 38; traveled to Austin, Archer M. Huntington Art Gallery, University of Texas, November 2–December 28, 1985 (p. 53 of the catalogue), and Chicago, David and Alfred Smart Gallery, University of Chicago, January18–September 3, 1986.
* New York, Sidney Janis Gallery, Selection of French Art 1906-1954, February 28–April 9, 1955.

Literature

* Annual Report, Art Institute of Chicago, 1958
* Katharine Kuh, ''Modern art explained'', Cory, Adams & Mackay, 1965
* Katharine Kuh, ''Break-up: The Core of Modern Art'', New York Graphic Society, 1965
* James A. Speyer, ''Twentieth Century Painting and Sculpture'', Apollo LXXIV, September 1966, p. 222.
* Painters of the Section D'Or: The Alternatives to Cubism. xhibition catalogueSeptember 27-October 22, 1967, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, New York, 1967

Provenance

* Herwarth Walden, Galerie Der Sturm, Berlin, possibly acquired directly from Jean Metzinger erso
* Léonce Rosenberg Collection, Galerie l'Effort Moderne, by 1924 ee Verso Label
* K.A. Legat, The Hague, the Netherlands etter in curatorial file from Galerie Ariel
* Galerie Ariel, Paris, 1953 ee letter in curatorial file
* Sidney Janis Gallery, New York, early 1954 ee letter in curatorial file
* Donated to the Art Institute by Mr and Mrs Sigmund W. Kunstadter, 1959.

References

External links

Jean Metzinger Catalogue Raisonné entry page for ''Woman with a Fan''

Agence Photographique de la Réunion des musées nationaux et du Grand Palais des Champs-Elysées

{{Cubism

Paintings by Jean Metzinger
1913 paintings
20th-century portraits
Portraits of women
Paintings in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago