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Wikipedia is a free,
web-based A web application (or web app) is application software that is accessed using a web browser. Web applications are delivered on the World Wide Web to users with an active network connection. History In earlier computing models like client-serve ...
,
collaborative Collaboration (from Latin ''com-'' "with" + ''laborare'' "to labor", "to work") is the process of two or more people, entities or organizations working together to complete a task or achieve a goal. Collaboration is similar to cooperation. Most ...
and
multilingual Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a group of speakers. It is believed that multilingual speakers outnumber monolingual speakers in the world's population. More than half of all E ...
encyclopedia An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...
website and project supported by the non-profit
Wikimedia Foundation The Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., or Wikimedia for short and abbreviated as WMF, is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in San Francisco, California and registered as a charitable foundation under local laws. Best kno ...
. It has more than 48 million articles ( in
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
) written collaboratively by
volunteers Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. Others serve ...
around the world. Almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site, and it has about 100,000 regularly active contributors.


What ''type'' of thing is Wikipedia?

*
Reference work A reference work is a work, such as a paper, book or periodical (or their electronic equivalents), to which one can refer for information. The information is intended to be found quickly when needed. Such works are usually ''referred'' to f ...
– compendium of information, usually of a specific type, compiled in a book for ease of reference. That is, the information is intended to be quickly found when needed. Reference works are usually referred to for particular pieces of information, rather than read beginning to end. The writing style used in these works is informative; the authors avoid use of the first person, and emphasize facts. **
Encyclopedia An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...
– type of reference work or compendium holding a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries, which are usually accessed
alphabetically Alphabetical order is a system whereby character strings are placed in order based on the position of the characters in the conventional ordering of an alphabet. It is one of the methods of collation. In mathematics, a lexicographical order is t ...
by article name. Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries. ***
Internet encyclopedia project An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...
(online encyclopedia) – large database of useful information, accessible via the World Wide Web. *
Database In computing, a database is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically. Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases sp ...
– organized collection of data. The data is typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information. For example, modelling the availability of rooms in hotels in a way that supports finding a hotel with vacancies. **
Online database An online database is a database accessible from a local network or the Internet, as opposed to one that is stored locally on an individual computer or its attached storage (such as a CD). Online databases are hosted on websites, made available as s ...
– database accessible from a network, including from the Internet (such as on a web page). *
Website A website (also written as a web site) is a collection of web pages and related content that is identified by a common domain name and published on at least one web server. Examples of notable websites are Google Search, Google, Facebook, Amaz ...
– collection of related web pages containing images, videos, or other digital assets. A website is hosted on at least one
web server A web server is computer software and underlying hardware that accepts requests via HTTP (the network protocol created to distribute web content) or its secure variant HTTPS. A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiate ...
, accessible via a network such as the
Internet The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
or a private local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator. All publicly accessible websites collectively constitute the World Wide Web. **
Wiki A wiki ( ) is an online hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience, using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project, and could be either open to the pu ...
– website that allows the creation and editing of any number of interlinked web pages via a web browser using a simplified markup language or a WYSIWYG text editor. Wikis are typically powered by wiki software and are often developed and used collaboratively by multiple users. Examples include community websites, corporate intranets, knowledge management systems, and note services. The software can also be used for personal notetaking. *
Community A community is a social unit (a group of living things) with commonality such as place, norms, religion, values, customs, or identity. Communities may share a sense of place situated in a given geographical area (e.g. a country, village, tow ...
– group of interacting people with social cohesion, who may share common values. **
Community of action A community of action (CoA), unlike a community of practice (CoP), exists in a situation that is structurally more open, where actors have the possibility of bringing about change. These more open situations might, for example, correspond to collec ...
– community in which participants endeavor collaboratively to bring about change. **
Community of interest A community of interest, or interest-based community, is a community of people who share a common interest or passion. These people exchange ideas and thoughts about the given passion, but may know (or care) little about each other outside this ar ...
– community of people who share a common interest or passion. These people exchange ideas and thoughts about the given passion, but may know (or care) little about each other outside of this area. The common interest on Wikipedia is knowledge. **
Community of purpose A community of purpose is a community of people who are going through the same process or journey to achieve a similar, often emergent, objective. From user-generated reviews or collaborative filtering on a site such as Amazon.com which help peop ...
– community that serves a functional need, smoothing the path of the member for a limited period surrounding a given activity. For example, researching a topic on Wikipedia.org, buying a car on autobytel.com, or antique collectors on icollector.com or individual. **
Virtual community A virtual community is a social network of individuals who connect through specific social media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries in order to pursue mutual interests or goals. Some of the most pervasive virtual communi ...
– social network of individuals who interact through specific media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries in order to pursue mutual interests or goals. ***
Online community An online community, also called an internet community or web community, is a community whose members interact with each other primarily via the Internet. Members of the community usually share common interests. For many, online communities may fe ...
– virtual community that exists online and whose members enable its existence through taking part in membership ritual. An online community can take the form of an information system where anyone can post content, such as a Bulletin board system or one where only a restricted number of people can initiate posts, such as Weblogs. **** Wiki community – users, especially the editors, of a particular wiki. *
Collective memory Collective memory refers to the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity. The English phrase "collective memory" and the equivalent French phrase "la mémoire c ...
– shared pool of information held in the memories of two or more members of a group.


Implementation of Wikipedia

*Structure of Wikipedia **
List of Wikipedias Wikipedia is a free content, free multilingualism, multilingual open source wiki-based online encyclopedia open collaboration, edited and maintained by a Wikipedia community, community of volunteer editors, started on as an English Wikipedia, E ...
– Wikipedia is implemented in many languages. As of April 2018, there were 304 Wikipedias, of which 294 are
active Active may refer to: Music * ''Active'' (album), a 1992 album by Casiopea * Active Records, a record label Ships * ''Active'' (ship), several commercial ships by that name * HMS ''Active'', the name of various ships of the British Royal ...
. **
Logo of Wikipedia The logo of Wikipedia, a free online encyclopedia, is an unfinished globe constructed from jigsaw pieces—some pieces are missing at the top—each inscribed with a glyph from a different writing system. As displayed on the web pages of the E ...
– unfinished globe constructed from jigsaw pieces—some pieces are still missing at the top—inscribed with glyphs from many different writing systems. **
Articles Article often refers to: * Article (grammar), a grammatical element used to indicate definiteness or indefiniteness * Article (publishing), a piece of nonfictional prose that is an independent part of a publication Article may also refer to: G ...
– written works published in a print or electronic medium. Each Wikipedia is divided into many articles, with each article focusing on a particular topic. *** Types of articles on Wikipedia **** Prose articles – **** Lists – ***** Item lists – ***** Article indexes (on the English Wikipedia) – ***** Outlines (on the English Wikipedia) – *
Content management Content management (CM) is a set of processes and technologies that supports the collection, managing, and publishing of information in any form or medium. When stored and accessed via computers, this information may be more specifically referre ...
on Wikipedia – processes for the collection, managing, and publishing of information on Wikipedia **
Deletionism and inclusionism in Wikipedia Deletionism and inclusionism are opposing philosophies that largely developed within the community of editors of the online encyclopedia Wikipediasite's community. The terms reflect differing opinions on the appropriate scope of the encycloped ...
– opposing philosophies of editors of Wikipedia concerning the appropriate scope of the encyclopedia, and the appropriate point for a topic to be ''included'' as an encyclopedia article or be "deleted". **
Notability in English Wikipedia In the English version of the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, notability is a criterion to determine whether a topic merits a separate Wikipedia article. It is described in the guideline "Wikipedia:Notability". In general, notability is an attemp ...
– metric used to determine topics meriting a dedicated encyclopedia article. It attempts to assess whether a topic has "gained sufficiently significant attention by the world at large and over a period of time" as evidenced by significant coverage in reliable
secondary source In Scholarly method, scholarship, a secondary sourcePrimary, secondary and tertiary ...
s that are independent of the topic. **
Reliability of Wikipedia The reliability of Wikipedia concerns the validity, verifiability, and veracity of Wikipedia and its user-generated editing model, particularly its English-language edition. It is written and edited by volunteer editors who generate online ...
– Wikipedia is open to anonymous and collaborative editing, so assessments of its reliability usually include examinations of how quickly false or misleading information is removed. An early study conducted by IBM researchers in 2003—two years following Wikipedia's establishment—found that "vandalism is usually repaired extremely quickly—so quickly that most users will never see its effects" and concluded that Wikipedia had "surprisingly effective self-healing capabilities". **
Vandalism on Wikipedia On Wikipedia, vandalism is editing the project in an intentionally disruptive or malicious manner. Vandalism includes any addition, removal, or modification that is intentionally humorous, nonsensical, a hoax, offensive, libelous or degrading ...
– the act of editing the project in a malicious manner that is intentionally disruptive. Vandalism includes the addition, removal, or other modification of the text or other material that is either humorous, nonsensical, a hoax, spam or promotion of a subject, or that is of an offensive, humiliating, or otherwise degrading in nature. There are various measures taken by Wikipedia to prevent or reduce the amount of vandalism. ** Wiki magic – described by Jimmy Wales as a phenomenon whereby an author may write the beginnings of an article at the end of the day, only to wake up in the morning and find the stub converted into a much more substantial article. *Computer technology that makes Wikipedia work: **Hardware *** Computers – general purpose devices that can be programmed to carry out sets of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. A computer that is used to host server software is called a "server". It takes many servers to make Wikipedia available to the world. These servers are run by the WikiMedia Foundation. **Software – Wikipedia is powered by the following software on WikiMedia Foundation's computers (servers). It takes all of these to make Wikipedia pages available on the World Wide Web: *** Operating systems used on WikiMedia Foundation's servers: ****
Ubuntu Server Ubuntu ( ) is a Linux distribution based on Debian and composed mostly of free and open-source software. Ubuntu is officially released in three editions: ''Desktop'', ''Server'', and ''Core'' for Internet of things devices and robots. All ...
– used on all Wikipedia servers except those used for image file storage ****
Solaris Solaris may refer to: Arts and entertainment Literature, television and film * ''Solaris'' (novel), a 1961 science fiction novel by Stanisław Lem ** ''Solaris'' (1968 film), directed by Boris Nirenburg ** ''Solaris'' (1972 film), directed by ...
– used on Wikipedia's image file storage servers ***
MediaWiki MediaWiki is a free and open-source wiki software. It is used on Wikipedia and almost all other Wikimedia websites, including Wiktionary, Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata; these sites define a large part of the requirement set for MediaWiki ...
– main web application that makes Wikipedia work. It's a free web-based wiki software application developed by the Wikimedia Foundation (WMF), written in PHP, that is used to run all of WMF's projects, including Wikipedia. Numerous other wikis around the world also use it. *** Content storage – Wikipedia's content (it's articles and other pages) are stored in
MariaDB MariaDB is a community-developed, commercially supported fork of the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), intended to remain free and open-source software under the GNU General Public License. Development is led by some of the ori ...
databases. WikiMedia Foundation's wikis are grouped into clusters, and each cluster is served by several MariaDB servers, in a single-master configuration. *** Distributed object storage – distributed objects are software modules that are designed to work together, but reside either in multiple computers connected via a network. One object sends a message to another object in a remote machine to perform some task. **** Ceph – ****
Swift Swift or SWIFT most commonly refers to: * SWIFT, an international organization facilitating transactions between banks ** SWIFT code * Swift (programming language) * Swift (bird), a family of birds It may also refer to: Organizations * SWIFT, ...
– ***
Proxy server In computer networking, a proxy server is a server application that acts as an intermediary between a client requesting a resource and the server providing that resource. Instead of connecting directly to a server that can fulfill a request ...
s – act as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. A client connects to the proxy server, requesting some service, such as a file, connection, web page, or other resource available from a different server and the proxy server evaluates the request as a way to simplify and control its complexity. Proxies were invented to add structure and encapsulation to distributed systems. Today, most proxies are web proxies, facilitating access to content on the World Wide Web. The proxy servers used for Wikipedia are: **** For serving up HTML pages –
Squid True squid are molluscs with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder Decapodiformes, though many other molluscs within the broader Neocoleoidea are also called squid despite not strictly fitting t ...
and
Varnish Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not a stain. It usually has a yellowish shade from the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired, and is sold commercially in various ...
caching proxy servers in front of
Apache HTTP Server The Apache HTTP Server ( ) is a free and open-source cross-platform web server software, released under the terms of Apache License 2.0. Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache So ...
. Apache processes requests via HTTP, the basic network protocol used to distribute information on the World Wide Web. **** For serving up image files –
Squid True squid are molluscs with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight arms, and two tentacles in the superorder Decapodiformes, though many other molluscs within the broader Neocoleoidea are also called squid despite not strictly fitting t ...
and
Varnish Varnish is a clear transparent hard protective coating or film. It is not a stain. It usually has a yellowish shade from the manufacturing process and materials used, but it may also be pigmented as desired, and is sold commercially in various ...
caching proxy servers in front o
Sun Java System Web Server
**** DNS proxies – WikiMedia Foundation's DNS proxy servers run
PowerDNS PowerDNS is a DNS server program, written in C++ and licensed under the GPL. It runs on most Unix derivatives. PowerDNS features a large number of different ''backends'' ranging from simple BIND style zonefiles to relational databases and load ...
. It's a DNS server program that runs under Unix (including Ubuntu). DNS stands for "domain name system". **** Load balancing – *****
Linux Virtual Server Linux Virtual Server (LVS) is Load balancing (computing), load balancing software for Linux kernel–based operating systems. LVS is a free and open-source project started by Wensong Zhang in May 1998, subject to the requirements of the GNU ...
(LVS) – Wikipedia uses LVS on commodity servers to load-balance incoming requests. LVS is also used as an internal load balancer to distribute
MediaWiki MediaWiki is a free and open-source wiki software. It is used on Wikipedia and almost all other Wikimedia websites, including Wiktionary, Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata; these sites define a large part of the requirement set for MediaWiki ...
and
Lucene Apache Lucene is a free and open-source search engine software library, originally written in Java by Doug Cutting. It is supported by the Apache Software Foundation and is released under the Apache Software License. Lucene is widely used as a ...
back-end requests. ***** /wikitech.wikimedia.org/view/PyBal PyBal– Wikimedia Foundation's own system for back-end monitoring and failover. *** Caching ****
Memcached Memcached (pronounced variously ''mem-cash-dee'' or ''mem-cashed'') is a general-purpose distributed memory-caching system. It is often used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites by caching data and objects in RAM to reduce the number of t ...
– Wikipedia uses
Memcached Memcached (pronounced variously ''mem-cash-dee'' or ''mem-cashed'') is a general-purpose distributed memory-caching system. It is often used to speed up dynamic database-driven websites by caching data and objects in RAM to reduce the number of t ...
for caching of database query and computation results. *** For full-text search – Wikipedia uses
Lucene Apache Lucene is a free and open-source search engine software library, originally written in Java by Doug Cutting. It is supported by the Apache Software Foundation and is released under the Apache Software License. Lucene is widely used as a ...
, with extensive customization contributed by Robert Stojnic. *** Wikimedia configuration files **Setting up Wikipedia on a home computer *** Downloading Wikipedia's database (all article text) **
Installing MediaWiki
(the software that runs Wikipedia)


Wikipedia community

*
Community of Wikipedia The Wikipedia community, collectively known colloquially as Wikipedians, is an informal community that volunteers to create and maintain Wikipedia, an online encyclopedia. Since August 2012, the word "Wikipedian" has been an '' Oxford Diction ...
– loosely-knit network of volunteers, sometimes known as "Wikipedians", who make contributions to the online encyclopedia, Wikipedia. A hierarchy exists whereby certain editors are elected to be given greater editorial control by other community members. **
Volunteering Volunteering is a voluntary act of an individual or group wikt:gratis, freely giving time and labor for community service. Many volunteers are specifically trained in the areas they work, such as medicine, education, or emergency rescue. O ...
– altruistic activity, intended to promote good or improve human quality of life, but people also volunteer for their own skill development, to meet others, to make contacts for possible employment, to have fun, and a variety of other reasons that could be considered self-serving. Volunteerism is the act of selflessly giving your life to something you believe free of pay. Wikipedia is written entirely by volunteers. ***
Virtual volunteering Virtual volunteering refers to volunteering, volunteer activities completed, in whole or in part, using the Internet and a home, school, telecenter, or work computer or other Internet-connected device, such as a smartphone or a tablet computer, tab ...
– working on a task on-line, off-site from the organization being assisted, without the requirement or expectation of being paid, using a computer or other Internet-connected device. Wikipedia is developed on-line by contributors using their web browsers. ****
Micro-volunteering Micro-volunteering describes a volunteer, or team of volunteers, completing small tasks that make up a larger project. These tasks often benefit a research, charitable, or non-governmental organization. It differs from normal volunteerism as the t ...
– tasks done by a volunteer, or a team of volunteers, without payment, either online or offline in small increments of time. ** Motivations of Wikipedia contributors – article includes various studies about the motivations of Wikipedia contributors. **
Arbitration Committee On Wikimedia Foundation projects, an Arbitration Committee (ArbCom) is a binding dispute resolution panel of editors. Each of Wikimedia's projects are editorially autonomous and independent, and some of them have established their own ArbComs w ...
(ArbCom) – panel of editors elected by the Wikipedia community that imposes binding rulings with regard to disputes between editors of the online encyclopedia. It acts as the
court of last resort A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in most legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort, apex court, and high (or final) court of appeal. Broadly speaking, the decisions of ...
for disputes among editors. ** ''
The Signpost ''The Signpost'' (formerly ''The Wikipedia Signpost'') is the Wikimedia movement's online newspaper. Managed by the volunteer community, it is published online with contributions from Wikimedia editors. The newspaper reports on the Wikimedia c ...
'' – on-line community-written and community-edited newspaper, covering stories, events and reports related to Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation sister projects.


Viewing Wikipedia off-line

*
Kiwix Kiwix is a free and open-source offline web browser created by Emmanuel Engelhart and Renaud Gaudin in 2007. It was first launched to allow offline access to Wikipedia, but has since expanded to include other projects from the Wikimedia Foundati ...
– free and open-source offline web browser created by Emmanuel Engelhart and Renaud Gaudin in 2007. It was first launched to allow offline access to Wikipedia, but has since expanded to include other projects from the Wikimedia foundation as well as public domain texts from the
Project Gutenberg Project Gutenberg (PG) is a Virtual volunteering, volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, as well as to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks." It was founded in 1971 by American writer Michael S. Hart and is the ...
. *
XOWA XOWA is a free and open-source application written primarily in Java by anonymous developers and is intended for users who wish to run their own copy of Wikipedia, or any other compatible Wiki, offline without an internet connection. XOWA is com ...
– open-source application written primarily in Java by anonymous developers, intended for users who wish to run their own copy of Wikipedia, or any other compatible Wiki offline without an internet connection. XOWA is compatible with Microsoft Windows, OSX, Linux and Android.


Diffusion of Wikipedia

*
Diffusion Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical p ...
– process by which a new idea or new product is accepted by the market. The rate of diffusion is the speed that the new idea spreads from one consumer to the next. In economics it is more often named "technological change". *
Diffusion of innovations Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread. Everett Rogers, a professor of communication studies, popularized the theory in his book ''Diffusion of Innovations''; the book ...
– process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system. *
List of Wikipedias Wikipedia is a free content, free multilingualism, multilingual open source wiki-based online encyclopedia open collaboration, edited and maintained by a Wikipedia community, community of volunteer editors, started on as an English Wikipedia, E ...
– Wikipedia has spread around the world, being made available to people in their native tongues. As of April 2018, there were 299 Wikipedias.


Websites that use Wikipedia

* Books LLC – publishes print-on-demand paperback and downloadable compilations of English texts and documents from open knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. *
DBpedia DBpedia (from "DB" for "database") is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created in the Wikipedia project. This structured information is made available on the World Wide Web. DBpedia allows users to semantica ...
– * Koru search engine – *
Wikipediavision Wikipediavision is a site that shows in semi-realtime where anonymous edits to Wikipedia are originating from. It was launched in the fall of 2007 by László Kozma, at that time a student in Finland. The site combines Wikipedia's recent change ...


Websites that mirror Wikipedia

*
Answers.com Answers.com, formerly known as WikiAnswers, is an Internet-based knowledge exchange. The Answers.com domain name was purchased by entrepreneurs Bill Gross and Henrik Jones at idealab in 1996. The domain name was acquired by NetShepard and sub ...
– *
Bing Bing most often refers to: * Bing Crosby (1903–1977), American singer * Microsoft Bing, a web search engine Bing may also refer to: Food and drink * Bing (bread), a Chinese flatbread * Bing (soft drink), a UK brand * Bing cherry, a varie ...
– *
Facebook Facebook is an online social media and social networking service owned by American company Meta Platforms. Founded in 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg with fellow Harvard College students and roommates Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin M ...
– *
Reference.com Reference.com is an online encyclopedia that organizes content that uses a question-and-answer format. Articles are organized into hierarchical categories. Before IAC (company), IAC restructured the site following an acquisition in 2008, Refer ...
– *
TheFreeDictionary.com ''The Free Dictionary'' is an American online dictionary and encyclopedia that aggregates information from various sources. Content The site cross-references the contents of ''The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language'', the ...
– *
Wapedia Wapedia was a mobile version of Wikipedia. It was started in August 2004 by Florian Amrhein and shut down on 4 November 2013. It was operated by Taptu. Wapedia was originally a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) site for use on mobile phones of ...


Wikipedia derived encyclopedias

* Books LLC – *
VDM Publishing Omniscriptum Publishing Group, formerly known as VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, is a German publishing group headquartered in Riga, Latvia. Founded in 2002 in Düsseldorf, its book production is based on print-to-order technology. The company publi ...
– *
Veropedia Veropedia was a free, advertising-supported online encyclopedia launched in late October 2007. It was taken down in January 2009, pending creation of a new version. Veropedia editors chose Wikipedia articles that met the site's reliability stan ...
– * WikiPilipinas – * WikiPock – *
WikiReader WikiReader was a project to deliver an offline, text-only version of Wikipedia on a mobile device. The project was sponsored by Openmoko and made by Pandigital, and its source code has been released. The project debuted an offline portable read ...


Parodies of Wikipedia

*
Bigipedia ''Bigipedia'' (stylised as "βIgiPεðiA") is a comedy sketch show broadcast on BBC Radio 4 that first aired between 23 July and 13 August 2009. A second series of four episodes began on 12 July 2011. The show's storyline revolves around "Bigip ...
– a comedy series broadcast by
BBC Radio 4 BBC Radio 4 is a British national radio station owned and operated by the BBC that replaced the BBC Home Service in 1967. It broadcasts a wide variety of spoken-word programmes, including news, drama, comedy, science and history from the BBC' ...
in July 2009, which was set on a website which was a parody of Wikipedia. Some of the sketches were directly inspired by Wikipedia and its articles. *
Encyclopedia Dramatica Encyclopedia Dramatica (ED; also spelled Encyclopædia Dramatica) is a satirical online community centered around a wiki that acts as a "troll archive". The site hosts racist material and shock content; as a result it was filtered from Google ...
– * La Frikipedia – *
Stupidedia Stupidedia (from ''Stupid'' and encyclop''edia'') is a German-language wiki featuring satirically themed and humorous articles. Stupidedia is the largest German-language wiki of this kind, with over 23,942 articles . It uses MediaWiki software ...
– *
Uncyclopedia Uncyclopedia is a satirical online encyclopedia that parodies Wikipedia. Its logo, a hollow "puzzle potato", parodies Wikipedia's globe puzzle logo, and it styles itself "the content-free encyclopedia", parodying Wikipedia's slogan of "the fre ...
– satirical website that parodies Wikipedia. Founded in 2005 as an originally English-language
wiki A wiki ( ) is an online hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience, using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project, and could be either open to the pu ...
, the project currently spans over 75 languages. The English version has over 30,000 pages of content, second only to the Brazilian/Portuguese.


Wikipedia-related media

*
Wikipedia Signpost ''The Signpost'' (formerly ''The Wikipedia Signpost'') is the Wikimedia movement's online newspaper. Managed by the volunteer community, it is published online with contributions from Wikimedia editors. The newspaper reports on the Wikimedia c ...
– on-line community-written and community-edited newspaper, covering stories, events and reports related to Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation sister projects.


Books about Wikipedia

* '' Common Knowledge?: An Ethnography of Wikipedia'' – * ''
The Cult of the Amateur ''The Cult of the Amateur: How Today's Internet Is Killing Our Culture'' is a 2007 book written by entrepreneur and Internet critic Andrew Keen. Published by Currency, Keen's first book is a critique of the enthusiasm surrounding user-generate ...
'' – * ''
Good Faith Collaboration ''Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia'' is a 2010 book by Joseph M. Reagle Jr. that deals with the topic of Wikipedia and the Wikipedia community. The book was first published on August 27, 2010, through the MIT Press and has a fo ...
'' – * ''
How Wikipedia Works ''How Wikipedia Works'' is a 2008 book by Phoebe Ayers, Charles Matthews, and Ben Yates. Published by No Starch Press, it is a how-to reference book for using and contributing to the Wikipedia encyclopedia, targeted at "students, professors, and ...
'' – * ''
La révolution Wikipédia ''La Révolution Wikipédia'' ( en, italic=yes, The Wikipedia Revolution), published in France in 2007, is a multi-authored study of Wikipedia focusing on the online encyclopedia's reliability and its likely influence on printed reference books. ...
'' – * '' Wikipedia: A New Community of Practice?'' – * '' The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia'' – * ''
Wikipedia – The Missing Manual ''Wikipedia: The Missing Manual'' is a 2008 book by John Broughton. It is a how-to guide that explains the process of contributing to the Wikipedia online encyclopedia. "For anyone who is interested in becoming part of the noble experiment, thi ...
'' – * '' The World and Wikipedia: How We are Editing Reality'' –


Films about Wikipedia

*
List of films about Wikipedia The following is a list of films about Wikipedia. Films * ''The Truth According to Wikipedia'' (also referred to as ''Wiki's Warhead'' and ''Wiki's Truth'') is a 2008 Dutch documentary film about Wikipedia directed by IJsbrand van Veelen which w ...


Third-party software related to Wikipedia

*
DBpedia DBpedia (from "DB" for "database") is a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created in the Wikipedia project. This structured information is made available on the World Wide Web. DBpedia allows users to semantica ...
(from "DB" for "database") – database built from the structured content of Wikipedia, including infoboxes, etc. It is made available for free on the World Wide Web. DBpedia allows users to semantically query relationships and properties associated with Wikipedia resources, including links to other related datasets. *
Kiwix Kiwix is a free and open-source offline web browser created by Emmanuel Engelhart and Renaud Gaudin in 2007. It was first launched to allow offline access to Wikipedia, but has since expanded to include other projects from the Wikimedia Foundati ...
– free program used to view Wikipedia offline (no Internet connection). This is done by reading the content of the project stored in a file of the ZIM format, which contains the compressed contents of Wikipedia. Kiwix is designed for computers without Internet access, and in particular, computers in schools in the Third World, where Internet service is scant. * WikiTaxonomy – hierarchy of classes and instances (an
ontology In metaphysics, ontology is the philosophical study of being, as well as related concepts such as existence, becoming, and reality. Ontology addresses questions like how entities are grouped into categories and which of these entities exis ...
) automatically generated from Wikipedia's category system * YAGO (Yet Another Great Ontology) – knowledge base developed at the Max Planck Institute for Computer Science in Saarbrücken. It is automatically extracted from Wikipedia and other sources. It includes knowledge about more than 10 million entities and contains more than 120 million facts about these entities.


Mobile apps

*
QRpedia QRpedia is a mobile Web-based system which uses QR codes to deliver Wikipedia articles to users, in their preferred language. A typical use is on museum labels, linking to Wikipedia articles about the exhibited object. QR codes can easily be gene ...
mobile Web The mobile web refers to mobile browser-based World Wide Web services accessed from handheld mobile devices, such as smartphones or feature phones, through a mobile or other wireless network. History and development Traditionally, the World ...
-based system which uses
QR code A QR code (an initialism for quick response code) is a type of matrix barcode (or two-dimensional barcode) invented in 1994 by the Japanese company Denso Wave. A barcode is a machine-readable optical label that can contain information about th ...
s to deliver Wikipedia articles to users, in their preferred language. The QRpedia server uses Wikipedia's API to determine whether there is a version of the specified Wikipedia article in the language used by the device, and if so, returns it in a mobile-friendly format. If there is no version of the article available in the preferred language, then the QRpedia server performs a search for the article title on the relevant language's Wikipedia, and returns the results. * WikiNodes – app for the
Apple iPad An apple is an edible fruit produced by an apple tree (''Malus domestica''). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus ''Malus''. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, ...
for browsing Wikipedia using a
radial tree A radial tree, or radial map, is a method of displaying a tree structure (e.g., a tree data structure) in a way that expands outwards, radially. It is one of many ways to visually display a tree, with examples extending back to the early 20th cen ...
approach to visualize how articles and subsections of articles are interrelated. It is a visual array of related items (articles or sections of an article), which spread on the screen, as a spiderweb of icons.


Reliability analysis programs

*
Wiki-Watch Wiki-Watch, formally known as ( en, Wiki-Watch Project at the "Study and Research Centre on Media Law" from the Faculty of Law at Viadrina European University) is a German university project for transparency of Wikipedia and Wikipedia articles, ...
– free page analysis tool that automatically assesses the reliability of Wikipedia articles in English and German. It produces a five-level evaluation score corresponding to its assessment of reliability. *
Wikibu Wikibu.ch is a free software tool to assess the reliability of German Wikipedia articles. It was released by the University of Teacher Education Bern for use in schools to improve information literacy.Nando Stöcklin: Glaubwürdigkeit von Wikiped ...
– assesses the reliability of
German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia (german: Deutschsprachige Wikipedia) is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on March 16, 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia (after the English Wikipedia), ...
articles. It was originally designed for use in schools to improve
information literacy The Association of College & Research Libraries defines information literacy as a "set of integrated abilities encompassing the reflective discovery of information, the understanding of how information is produced and valued and the use of inform ...
. *
WikiTrust WikiTrust is a software product, available as a Firefox Plugin, which aimed to assist editors in detecting vandalism and dubious edits, by highlighting the "untrustworthy" text with a yellow or orange background. As of September 2017, the serv ...
– assesses the credibility of content and author reputation of wiki articles using an automated algorithm. WikiTrust is a plug-in for servers using the MediaWiki platform, such as Wikipedia.


General Wikipedia concepts

*
Wikipedia iOS apps A number of organizations within the Wikimedia movement including the Wikimedia Foundation publish official mobile apps for mobile access to Wikipedia. All are available via the appropriate app store (e.g. Google Play, App Store, Microsoft Sto ...
– *
Henryk Batuta hoax The Henryk Batuta hoax was a hoax perpetrated on the Polish Wikipedia from November 2004 to February 2006, the main element of which was a biographical article about a nonexistent socialist revolutionary, Henryk Batuta. History The perpetrators o ...
– hoax perpetrated on the Polish Wikipedia in the form of an article about Henryk Batuta (born Izaak Apfelbaum), a fictional socialist revolutionary and Polish Communist. The fake biography said Batuta was born in Odessa in 1898 and participated in the Russian Civil War. The article was created on November 8, 2004, and exposed as a hoax 15 months later when on February 1, 2006, it was listed for deletion. *
Bomis Bomis ( to rhyme with "promise") was a dot-com company best known for supporting the creations of free-content online-encyclopedia projects Nupedia and Wikipedia. It was co-founded in 1996 by Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell, and Michael Davis. ...
– former dot-com company founded in 1996 by Jimmy Wales and Tim Shell. Its primary business was the sale of advertising on the Bomis.com search portal, and to provide support for the free encyclopedia projects Nupedia and Wikipedia. * Conflict of interest editing on Wikipedia – * Crnogorska Enciklopedija – * Deletionpedia – *
Democratization of knowledge The democratization of knowledge is the acquisition and spread of knowledge amongst a wider part of the population, not just privileged elites such as clergy and academics. Libraries, in particular public libraries, and modern digital technolog ...
– *
Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español (English: Universal Free Encyclopedia in Spanish) is a Spanish-language wiki-based online encyclopedia, released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. It uses the MediaWiki software. It started as a fork of the Span ...
– *
Essjay controversy The Essjay controversy was an incident in which Ryan Jordan, a Wikipedia editor who went by the username "Essjay", falsely presented himself as a university professor of religion from 2005 to 2007, during which time he was elected to top position ...
– *
Gene Wiki The Gene Wiki is a project within Wikipedia that aims to describe the relationships and functions of all human genes. It was established to transfer information from scientific resources to Wikipedia stub articles. The Gene Wiki project also init ...
– *
Péter Gervai Péter Gervai (born 7 January 1972) is a Hungarian IT development engineer, the founder of the Hungarian Wikipedia and the chair of :hu:Wikipédia:Wikimédia Magyarország, Wikimedia Hungary. He was one of the pioneers of Internet culture in H ...
– *
Good Faith Collaboration ''Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Wikipedia'' is a 2010 book by Joseph M. Reagle Jr. that deals with the topic of Wikipedia and the Wikipedia community. The book was first published on August 27, 2010, through the MIT Press and has a fo ...
– *
Internet Watch Foundation and Wikipedia The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a '' network of networks'' that consists of private, pub ...
– *
Interpedia Interpedia was the first-proposed online encyclopedia which would allow anyone to contribute by writing articles and submitting them to the central catalogue of all Interpedia pages. History Interpedia was initiated by Rick Gates, who posted a ...
– an early proposal for a collaborative Internet encyclopedia *
Rick Jelliffe Richard (Rick) Alan Jelliffe (born 1960) is an Australian programmer and standards activist (ISO, W3C, IETF), particularly associated with web standards, markup languages, internationalization and schema languages. He is the founder and Chief Tec ...
– *
Kidnapping of David Rohde David Stephenson Rohde, a journalist for ''The New York Times'', and two associates were kidnapped by members of the Taliban in November 2008. Rohde was in Afghanistan doing research for a book. After being held captive for eight months, in June ...
– * Alan Mcilwraith – * National Portrait Gallery and Wikimedia Foundation copyright dispute – *
Network effect In economics, a network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the phenomenon by which the value or utility a user derives from a good or service depends on the number of users of compatible products. Netw ...
– *
Nupedia Nupedia was an English-language, online encyclopedia whose articles were written by volunteer contributors with appropriate subject matter expertise, reviewed by expert editors before publication, and licensed as free content. It was founded by ...
– * Wikipedia:Nupedia and Wikipedia – * Edward Owens (hoax) – *
Simon Pulsifer Simon Edward Pulsifer (born September 11, 1981) is a Canadian contributor to the English-language Wikipedia whose prolific participation made him a "minor media celebrity". English Wikipedia Pulsifer became an active contributor to the English W ...
– *
QRpedia QRpedia is a mobile Web-based system which uses QR codes to deliver Wikipedia articles to users, in their preferred language. A typical use is on museum labels, linking to Wikipedia articles about the exhibited object. QR codes can easily be gene ...
– multilingual, mobile interface to Wikipedia *
La révolution Wikipédia ''La Révolution Wikipédia'' ( en, italic=yes, The Wikipedia Revolution), published in France in 2007, is a multi-authored study of Wikipedia focusing on the online encyclopedia's reliability and its likely influence on printed reference books. ...
– *
WikiScanner WikiScanner (also known as Wikipedia Scanner) was a publicly searchable database that linked anonymous edits on Wikipedia to the organizations where those edits apparently originated. It did this by cross-referencing the edits with data on the ow ...
– * Speakapedia – *
The Truth According to Wikipedia ''The Truth According to Wikipedia'', also referred to as ''Wiki's Truth'' ( nl, Wiki's Waarheid), is a Dutch documentary about Wikipedia directed by IJsbrand van Veelen. It was screened at The Next Web conference in Amsterdam on 4 April 2008 and ...
– * Truth in Numbers? – * Universal Edit Button – * US Congressional staff edits to Wikipedia – *
User-generated content User-generated content (UGC), alternatively known as user-created content (UCC), is any form of content, such as images, videos, text, testimonials, and audio, that has been posted by users on online platforms such as social media, discussion f ...
– * Wolfgang Werlé and Manfred Lauber – *
Wiki A wiki ( ) is an online hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience, using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project, and could be either open to the pu ...
– * Wikidumper.org – * Wikipedia biography controversy – * Wikipedia CD Selection – * Wikipedia Review – * Wikipedia in culture


Politics of Wikipedia

* Censorship of Wikipedia – * Church of Scientology editing on Wikipedia – * Corporate Representatives for Ethical Wikipedia Engagement – * Wikipedia for World Heritage – effort underway to get Wikipedia listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.


History of Wikipedia

History of Wikipedia – Wikipedia was formally launched on 15 January 2001 by Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger, using the concept and technology of a wiki pioneered by Ward Cunningham. Initially, Wikipedia was created to complement Nupedia, an online encyclopedia project edited solely by experts, by providing additional draft articles and ideas for it. Wikipedia quickly overtook Nupedia, becoming a global project in multiple languages and inspiring a wide range of additional reference projects. *
Nupedia Nupedia was an English-language, online encyclopedia whose articles were written by volunteer contributors with appropriate subject matter expertise, reviewed by expert editors before publication, and licensed as free content. It was founded by ...
– the predecessor of Wikipedia. Nupedia was an English-language Web-based encyclopedia that lasted from March 2000 until September 2003. Its articles were written by experts and licensed as free content. It was founded by Jimmy Wales and underwritten by Bomis, with Larry Sanger as editor-in-chief. * Wayback Machine – digital time capsule created by the Internet Archive non-profit organization, based in San Francisco, California. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages (including Wikipedia) across time, which the Archive calls a "three dimensional index". Internet Archive bought the domain waybackmachine.org for their own site. It is currently in its beta test. *
Wikipedia on the Wayback Machine
* Founders of Wikipedia ** Larry Sanger – chief organizer (2001–2002) of Wikipedia. He moved on and founded Citizendium. ** Jimmy Wales – historically cited as a co-founder of Wikipedia, though he has disputed the "co-" designation, declaring himself the sole founder. Wales serves on the board of trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation, the non-profit charitable organization he helped establish to operate Wikipedia, holding its board-appointed "community founder seat". * Academic studies about Wikipedia – In recent years there have been numerous academic studies about Wikipedia in peer-reviewed publications. This research can be grouped into two categories. The first analyzed the production and reliability of the encyclopedia content, while the second investigated social aspects, such as usage and administration. Such studies are greatly facilitated by the fact that Wikipedia's database can be downloaded without needing to ask the assistance of the site owner. * Flagged Revisions – software extension to the MediaWiki wiki software that allows moderation of edits to Wiki pages. It was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation for use on Wikipedia and similar wikis hosted on its servers. On June 14, 2010, English Wikipedia began a 2-month trial of a similar feature known as Wikipedia:Pending changes, pending changes. In May 2011, this feature was removed indefinitely from all articles, after a discussion among English Wikipedia editors.


Wikipedia-inspired projects

* Citizendium – is a wiki for providing free knowledge where authors use their real, verified names. * Conservapedia – is an English-language wiki encyclopedia project written from an American conservative point of view. * Infogalactic – is intended to have less alleged politically progressive, left-wing, or "politically correct" bias than Wikipedia, and to allow articles or statements that would not be allowed on Wikipedia because of problems with Wikipedia's policies on reliable sources, or due to alleged biases held by Wikipedia editors. * Knol – was a Google project that aimed to include user-written articles on a range of topics. * Scholarpedia – is an English-language online wiki-based encyclopedia with features commonly associated with open-access online academic journals, which aims to have quality content. *
Uncyclopedia Uncyclopedia is a satirical online encyclopedia that parodies Wikipedia. Its logo, a hollow "puzzle potato", parodies Wikipedia's globe puzzle logo, and it styles itself "the content-free encyclopedia", parodying Wikipedia's slogan of "the fre ...
– is a satirical website that parodies Wikipedia. Its logo, a hollow "puzzle potato", parodies Wikipedia's globe puzzle logo, and it styles itself "the content-free encyclopedia", which is a parody of Wikipedia's slogan, "the free encyclopedia". The project spans over 75 languages. The English version has approximately 30,000 pages of content, second only to the Portuguese.


Wikipedia in culture

Wikipedia in culture – * Wikiracing – game using the online encyclopedia Wikipedia which focuses on traversing links from one page to another. The average number of links separating any two Wikipedia pages is 3.67.


People in relation to Wikipedia

* Larry Sanger – chief organizer (2001–2002) of Wikipedia. He moved on and founded Citizendium. * Jimmy Wales – historically cited as a co-founder of Wikipedia, though he has disputed the "co-" designation, declaring himself the sole founder. Wales serves on the board of trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation, the non-profit charitable organization he helped establish to operate Wikipedia, holding its board-appointed "community founder" seat. * Andrew Lih – veteran Wikipedia contributor, and in 2009 published the book '' The Wikipedia Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia''. Lih has been interviewed in a variety of publications, including ''Salon.com'' and ''The New York Times'' Freakonomics blog, as an expert on Wikipedia.


Critics of Wikipedia

* Murat Bardakçı – on Turkish television, he declared that Wikipedia should be banned. * Nicholas G. Carr – in his 2005 blog essay titled "The Amorality of Web 2.0," he criticized the quality of volunteer Web 2.0 information projects such as Wikipedia and the blogosphere and argued that they may have a net negative effect on society by displacing more expensive professional alternatives. * Jorge Cauz – president of Encyclopædia Britannica Inc.. In July 2006, in an interview in ''The New Yorker'', he stated that Wikipedia would "decline into a hulking, mediocre mass of uneven, unreliable, and, many times, unreadable articles" and that "Wikipedia is to Britannica as ''American Idol'' is to the Juilliard School." * Conservapedia English-language
wiki A wiki ( ) is an online hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience, using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project, and could be either open to the pu ...
project started in 2006 by homeschooling, homeschool teacher and attorney Andy Schlafly, son of conservative activist Phyllis Schlafly, to counter what he called the Reliability of Wikipedia#Susceptibility to bias, liberal bias of Wikipedia. * Gay Nigger Association of America – anti-blogging Internet trolling organization. On Wikipedia, members of the group created a page about themselves, while adhering to every rule of Wikipedia in order to use the system against itself. * Aaron Klein – * Jaron Lanier – * Robert McHenry – * Patrick Nielsen Hayden – * Andrew Orlowski – * Robert L. Park – * Jason Scott Sadofsky – * Larry Sanger – * Andrew Schlafly – * John Seigenthaler – * Lawrence Solomon – * Sam Vaknin – * Wikipedia Review – * Tom Wolfe –


Wikipedia Foundations and Organizations

*
Wikimedia Foundation The Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., or Wikimedia for short and abbreviated as WMF, is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization headquartered in San Francisco, California and registered as a charitable foundation under local laws. Best kno ...
– the non profit based in San Francisco, California, USA which was established to own and manage the trademarks and the servers for Wikipedia and its sister projects.


Wikipedia-related projects


Wikipedia's sister projects

Wikimedia Foundation#Wikimedia projects, Wikimedia projects * Wikimedia Commons, Commons – online repository of free-use images, sound and other media files, hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. * mw:, MediaWiki website – home of
MediaWiki MediaWiki is a free and open-source wiki software. It is used on Wikipedia and almost all other Wikimedia websites, including Wiktionary, Wikimedia Commons and Wikidata; these sites define a large part of the requirement set for MediaWiki ...
(the software that runs Wikipedia), and where it gets developed. * Wikipedia:Meta, Meta-Wiki – central site to coordinate all Wikimedia projects. * Wikibooks – Wiki hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation for the creation of free content textbooks and annotated texts that anyone can edit. * Wikidata – free and open knowledge base that can be read and edited by both humans and machines. * Wikinews – free-content news source wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation that works through collaborative journalism. * Wikiquote – freely available collection of quotations from prominent people, books, films and proverbs, with appropriate attributions. * Wikisource – online digital library of free content textual sources on a wiki, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. * Wikispecies – wiki-based online project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aim is to create a comprehensive free content catalogue of all species and is directed at scientists, rather than at the general public. * Wikiversity – Wikimedia Foundation project which supports learning communities, their learning materials, and resulting activities. * Wikivoyage – free web-based travel guide for travel destinations and travel topics written by volunteer authors. * Wiktionary – multilingual, web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in 158 languages, run by the Wikimedia Foundation.


Wikipedias by language

* Afrikaans Wikipedia, Afrikaans (:af:, af) * Albanian Wikipedia, Albanian (:sq:, sq) * Alemannic Wikipedia, Alemannic (:als:, als) * Arabic Wikipedia, Arabic (:ar:, ar) * Aragonese Wikipedia, Aragonese (:an:, an) * Armenian Wikipedia, Armenian (:hy:, hy) * Azerbaijani Wikipedia, Azeri (:az:, az) * Bambara Wikipedia, Bambara (:bm:, bm) * Basque Wikipedia, Basque (:eu:, eu) * Belarusian Wikipedia, Belarusian (:be-x-old:, be-x-old) * Belarusian Wikipedia, Belarusian (:be:, be) * Bengali Wikipedia, Bengali (:bn:, bn) * Bosnian Wikipedia, Bosnian (:bs:, bs) * Bulgarian Wikipedia, Bulgarian (:bg:, bg) * Cantonese Wikipedia, Cantonese (:zh-yue:, zh-yue) * Catalan Wikipedia, Catalan (:ca:, ca) * Cebuano Wikipedia, Cebuano (:ceb:, ceb) * Chechen Wikipedia, Chechen (:ce:, ce) * Chinese Wikipedia, Chinese (:zh:, zh) * Chuvash Wikipedia, Chuvash (:cv:, cv) * Croatian Wikipedia, Croatian (:hr:, hr) * Czech Wikipedia, Czech (:cs:, cs) * Danish Wikipedia, Danish (:da:, da) * Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia, Dutch Low Saxon (:nds-nl:, nds-nl) * Dutch Wikipedia, Dutch (:nl:, nl) * Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia, Egyptian Arabic (:arz:, arz) *
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
(:w:Main Page, en) * Esperanto Wikipedia, Esperanto (:eo:, eo) * Estonian Wikipedia, Estonian (:et:, et) * Finnish Wikipedia, Finnish (:fi:, fi) * French Wikipedia, French (:fr:, fr) * Galician Wikipedia, Galician (:gl:, gl) * Georgian Wikipedia, Georgian (:ka:, ka) * German Wikipedia, German (:de:, de) * Greek Wikipedia, Greek (:el:, el) * Haitian Creole Wikipedia, Haitian Creole (:ht:, ht) * Hebrew Wikipedia, Hebrew (:he:, he) * Hindi Wikipedia, Hindi (:hi:, hi) * Hungarian Wikipedia, Hungarian (:hu:, hu) * Indonesian Wikipedia, Indonesian (:id:, id) * Irish language Wikipedia, Irish (:ga:, ga) * Italian Wikipedia, Italian (:it:, it) * Japanese Wikipedia, Japanese (:ja:, ja) * Javanese Wikipedia, Javanese (:jv:, jv) * Kannada Wikipedia, Kannada (:kn:, kn) * Kazakh Wikipedia, Kazakh (:kk:, kk) * Korean Wikipedia, Korean (:ko:, ko) * Latin Wikipedia, Latin (:la:, la) * Latvian Wikipedia, Latvian (:lv:, lv) * Lithuanian Wikipedia, Lithuanian (:lt:, lt) * Macedonian Wikipedia, Macedonian (:mk:, mk) * Malayalam Wikipedia, Malayalam (:ml:, ml) * Malay Wikipedia, Malay (:ms:, ms) * Marathi Wikipedia, Marathi (:mr:, mr) * Minangkabau Wikipedia, Minangkabau (:min:, min) * Min Nan Wikipedia, Min Nan (:zh-min-nan:, zh-min-nan) * Mongolian Wikipedia, Mongolian (:mn:, mn) * Neapolitan Wikipedia, Neapolitan (:nap:, nap) * Nepal Bhasa Wikipedia, Nepal Bhasa (:new:, new) * Nepalese Wikipedia, Nepalese (:ne:, ne) * Northern Sami Wikipedia, Northern Sami (:se:, se) * Norwegian Wikipedia, Norwegian (Bokmål) (:no:, no) * Norwegian Wikipedia, Norwegian (Nynorsk) (:nn:, nn) * Occitan Wikipedia, Occitan (:oc:, oc) * Oriya Wikipedia, Oriya (:or:, or) * Punjabi Wikipedia (Eastern), Punjabi (Eastern) (:pa:, pa) * Persian Wikipedia, Persian (:fa:, fa) * Polish Wikipedia, Polish (:pl:, pl) * Portuguese Wikipedia, Portuguese (:pt:, pt) * Ripuarian Wikipedia, Ripuarian (:ksh:, ksh) * Romanian Wikipedia, Romanian (:ro:, ro) * Russian Wikipedia, Russian (:ru:, ru) * Sanskrit Wikipedia, Sanskrit (:sa:, sa) * Scots Wikipedia, Scots (:sco:, sco) * Serbian Wikipedia, Serbian (:sr:, sr) * Serbo-Croatian Wikipedia, Serbo-Croatian (:sh:, sh) * Silesian Wikipedia, Silesian (:szl:, szl) * Simple English Wikipedia, Simple English (:simple:, simple) * Slovak Wikipedia, Slovak (:sk:, sk) * Slovene Wikipedia, Slovene (:sl:, sl) * Spanish Wikipedia, Spanish (:es:, es) * Swahili Wikipedia, Swahili (:sw:, sw) * Swedish Wikipedia, Swedish (:sv:, sv) * Tagalog Wikipedia, Tagalog (:tl:, tl) * Tamil Wikipedia, Tamil (:ta:, ta) * Telugu Wikipedia, Telugu (:te:, te) * Thai Wikipedia, Thai (:th:, th) * Turkish Wikipedia, Turkish (:tr:, tr) * Ukrainian Wikipedia, Ukrainian (:uk:, uk) * Urdu Wikipedia, Urdu (:ur:, ur) * Uzbek Wikipedia, Uzbek (:uz:, uz) * Vietnamese Wikipedia, Vietnamese (:vi:, vi) * Võro Wikipedia, Võro (:fiu-vro:, fiu-vro) * Waray-Waray Wikipedia, Waray-Waray (:war:, war) * Welsh Wikipedia, Welsh (:cy:, cy) * Wikipedia:Volapük Wikipedia, Volapük (:vo:, vo) * Wolof Wikipedia, Wolof (:wo:, wo) * Yiddish Wikipedia, Yiddish (:yi:, yi) * Zulu Wikipedia, Zulu (:zu:, zu) : List of Wikipedias, More...


See also

* Wikipedia:Contents – network of outlines of Wikipedia's content * Outline of knowledge – outline about knowledge, and of the body of all human knowledge * ''
The Signpost ''The Signpost'' (formerly ''The Wikipedia Signpost'') is the Wikimedia movement's online newspaper. Managed by the volunteer community, it is published online with contributions from Wikimedia editors. The newspaper reports on the Wikimedia c ...
'' – on-line community-written and community-edited newspaper, covering stories, events and reports related to Wikipedia and the Wikimedia Foundation sister projects. * Wikipedia:Help * List of wikis * List of online encyclopedias * Wikipedia:Semapedia –


References


External links


Wikipedia
nbsp;– multilingual portal (contains links to all language editions of the project)
Wikipedia mobile phone portal
* *

topic page at ''The New York Times'' {{Outline footer Wikipedia, * Outlines of organizations, Wikipedia Wikipedia outlines, Wikipedia