Wieden (;

Central Bavarian Central Bavarian form a subgroup of Bavarian dialects in large parts of Austria and the German state of Bavaria along the Danube river, on the northern side of the Eastern Alps. They are spoken in the ' Old Bavarian' regions of Upper Bavaria ( ...

: ''Wiedn'') is the 4th municipal

district of Vienna A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivision ...

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

(german: 4. Bezirk). It is near the centre of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850, but its borders were changed later. Wieden is a small region near the city centre. Wien.gv.at webpage (see below: References). After World War II, Wieden was part of the Soviet sector of Vienna for 10 years. __TOC__

History

The name Wieden was first recorded in 1137, and is thus the oldest ''

Vorstadt In German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a '' Vorort'' (suburb). Historically, a ''Vorstadt'' ("suburb" in German) was ...

'' (former municipality within the ''

Linienwall The ''Linienwall'' was an outer line of fortifications for the city of Vienna, Austria, which lay between the city's suburbs and outlying villages. Constructed in 1704, it was razed in 1894 to make way for the Vienna Beltway. Construction The ...

'') of Vienna. The main street ( Wiedner Hauptstraße) is certainly even older. The district was the site of the former royal Summer residence, which was completed under Ferdinand II, and was expanded many times until

Maria Theresa Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position '' suo jure'' (in her own right) ...

sold it to the

Jesuits , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders = ...

. Today it is the

Theresianum Theresianum (or Theresian Academy; german: Theresianische Akademie) is a private boarding and day school governed by the laws for public schools in Vienna, Austria. It was founded in 1746 by Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. History Early ...

, a prestigious private boarding school, while the

Diplomatic Academy of Vienna The Diplomatic Academy of Vienna (DA; German: ''Diplomatische Akademie Wien''), also known as the Vienna School of International Studies, is a postgraduate professional school based in Vienna, Austria, with focused training for students and prof ...

resides in a wing of the building. In the beginning of the 18th century, the development of Wieden as a suburb began. Many palaces and other buildings were built. Two small ''

Vorstädte In German, a Vorstadt is an area of a city that is outside the Altstadt (city center) but tightly connected to it and densely populated, thus distinguishing itself from a ''Vorort'' (suburb). Historically, a ''Vorstadt'' ("suburb" in German) was ...

'' in the area of the present fourth district were Hungelbrunn and Schamburgergrund. These three areas along with a number of others were incorporated into the city of Vienna as the fourth district on March 6, 1850. Because of social and economic differences,

Margareten Margareten (; bar, Magredn) is the fifth district of Vienna (german: 5. Bezirk, Margareten). It is near the old town of Vienna and was established as a district in 1850, but borders changed later.Freihaus'', built in 1700 and the largest apartment building/tenement of the time, was located in this area, although by 1970 its state had deteriorated. The name has been rehabilitated in recent years to give an identity to the local bars, restaurants and independent retailers.http://freihausviertel.at/ During the occupation by the allies (1945–1955), Wieden was part of the Soviet sector of Vienna. The Vienna University of Technology is located in this district with its main administration buildings being located in Karlsplatz and a nearby satellite campus in the 6th district across the Wienzeile.

Famous residents

Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped wit ...

(1833–1897), German composer, lived here *

Christoph Willibald Gluck Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (; 2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period. Born in the Upper Palatinate and raised in Bohemia, both part of the Holy Roman Empire, he g ...

(1714–1787), lived here * Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer (1864–1945 ), sugar manufacturer and art lover, lived here (de) * Karl Kraus (1874–1936), an Austrian writer and journalist, one of the foremost German-language satirists of the 20th century, lived here * Rosa Mayreder (1858–1938), an Austrian freethinker, author, painter, musician and feminist *

Emanuel Schikaneder Emanuel Schikaneder (born Johann Joseph Schickeneder; 1 September 1751 – 21 September 1812) was a German impresario, dramatist, actor, singer, and composer. He wrote the libretto of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera ''The Magic Flute'' and was ...

(1751–1812), a German impresario * Johann Strauss II. (1825–1899), composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas, lived here *

Nicholas Treadwell Nicholas Treadwell (born 1937) owns the Nicholas Treadwell Gallery, which started in 1963 in touring vehicles, after which it was run in buildings in London, Bradford and finally Austria. Treadwell has promoted the Superhumanism art movement, whi ...

(1937), gallerist, art collector and performer * Cäcilia Cordula Weber, ''née Stamm'' (1727 – 1793), the mother of Constanze Weber, wife of

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791), baptised as Joannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition r ...

, died here * Josephine Haas (later ''Haas von Längenfeld-Pfalzheim'') (1783,

Burglengenfeld Burglengenfeld is a town in the district of Schwandorf, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Naab, 22 km north of Regensburg. Climate Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there is adequate rainfa ...

- 1846), a female German-Austrian philanthropist, lived and died here (de) Karlskirche Wien September 2016

* Joseph Ulrich Danhauser (1780 - 1829), Austrian furniture maker, father of

Josef Danhauser Josef Danhauser (19 August 1805 in Laimgrube (now a part of Mariahilf or Neubau) – 4 May 1845) was an Austrian painter, one of the main artists of Biedermeier period, together with Ferdinand Georg Waldmüller, Peter Fendi, among others. His ...

(de) * Josef Feid (1806–1870, Weidling), Austrian painter, born here (de) * Adalbert Nikolaus Fuchs (1814, Wieden - 1886, Kritzendorf), Austrian agricultural scientist, born here (de) * Karl Lueger (1844–1910), Viennese mayor, born here * Johann Matthias Ranftl (1804–1854), Austrian artist, born here (de) * Johann Heinrich Steudel (1825–1891, Weikersdorf), politician, born here (Schaumburgergrund, now Wieden) (de)

Sights

* Freihaus * Karlskirche: (St. Charles's Church) a famous and special baroque church * Naschmarkt: the famous and the largest market of Vienna (fruits and vegetables and more recently bars and restaurants) * Karlsplatz Stadtbahn Station: Art Nouveau building constructed by Otto Wagner *

* Vienna Museum: museum covering Vienna's history * ORF building The headquarters of the national broadcaster's radio stations.

Notes

References

* "Wien - 5. Bezirk/Wieden", Wien.gv.at, 2008, webpage (15 subpages)
Wien.gv.at-wieden
(in German). {{Authority control Districts of Vienna States and territories established in 1137