Washington Avenue Immigration Station

The Washington Avenue Immigration Station was an immigrant processing facility in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States located at the end of Washington Avenue at Pier 53 on the Delaware River, south of modern-day Penn's Landing waterfront district. The building opened in 1873 and was demolished in 1915.

History

In 1873, the establishment of two American steamship companies sparked a period of active U.S. immigration that would last for the next fifty years. The more important of the two companies, the American Line, opened Philadelphia's first immigrant station at Pier 53 at Washington Avenue. The station was also supported by the Pennsylvania Railroad, which sought to increase its dominance of the U.S. passenger and freight railway market. The lower level of the station contained ticket booths where new immigrants could purchase train tickets for Pennsylvania Railroad destinations.

During its 42 years in operation from 1873 to 1915, the Washington Avenue Immigration Station was the point of entry for just over one million immigrants, comprising about 5% of the total number of immigrants to the United States during that time. Immigrants arriving at the station were checked for various diseases and questioned about specific details of their origin before being allowed entry into the country. In some instances, unmarried women would not be allowed to enter; consequently, a designated area of the station became known as "the altar," due to its frequent impromptu wedding ceremonies.

Although the American Line began routes to New York's Ellis Island in the 1890s, it continued to offer weekly sailings and increased its Philadelphia bound fleet in the early 1900s, adding ships with local names, such as: '' Southwark, Kensington, Haverford,'' and ''Merion''. Eastern and Southern European immigrants, departing from ports in Britain, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy were regularly processed at the station. Other passenger lines offering direct passenger service to Philadelphia included: the British White Star Line, the Belgian Red Star Line, and the German Hamburg-America Line.

The First World War caused a significant decrease in the rate of immigration. In 1915, the facility was closed and the building was demolished, although immigration continued at Philadelphia until 1921. Immigrants arriving at Pier 53 were processed on-board their ships, after they had docked. Post-war changes to federal immigration laws led to a great decrease in new arrivals and immigration at Philadelphia eventually ceased altogether. A Pennsylvania state historical marker currently denotes the site of the former immigration station.

Washington Avenue Green at Pier 53

In 2010, after decades of disrepair, Pier 53 was revitalized into a new waterfront park. The renovated pier, now known as ''Washington Avenue Park'', provides visitors with unique views along the Delaware River. The park also features walking paths, benches, an elevated boardwalk and a sanctuary for indigenous species of animals and vegetation. The focal point of the park is a sculpture titled "''Land Buoy''", a creation by New York artist Jody Pinto. The work, which consists of a spiral staircase circling a 55-foot spire topped by a soft blue light, serves as a beacon for boaters and acts as a memorial to Philadelphia's former immigration station, the landing place where a million people entered the country a century ago.

''Washington Avenue Park'' became the first stage of an initiative, named ''Washington Avenue Green,'' attempting to preserve public space along the Delaware River. As of 2017, ''Washington Avenue Green'' had expanded from Pier 53, along the river as far south as Pier 70.

File:Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 Remains - 1 Washington Ave Philadelphia PA 19147 (DSC 2606).jpg, alt=Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 Remains
File:Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 - 1 Washington Ave Philadelphia PA (DSC 2880).jpg, alt=Remains of Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 and New Elevated Walkway and 'Land Buoy' Spiral Staircase
File:Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 - 1 Washington Ave Philadelphia PA (DSC 2883).jpg, alt=Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 Elevated Walkway and 'Land Buoy' Spiral Staircase
File:Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 - 1 Washington Ave Philadelphia PA (DSC 2899).jpg, alt=Washington Avenue Immigration Station Pier 53 'Land Buoy' Spiral Staircase

See also

* Washington Avenue Historic District (Philadelphia)
* Immigration to the United States
* History of Philadelphia

References

ExplorePAHistory.com: Washington Avenue Immigration Station

Washington Avenue Green

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History of immigration to the United States
Immigration detention centers and prisons in the United States
History of Philadelphia
Demolished buildings and structures in Philadelphia
1873 establishments in Pennsylvania
1915 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Buildings and structures demolished in 1915