Wanmaw, Manmaw or Banmaw (Bhamo) was a
Shan state in what is today
Burma
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
. It was an outlying territory, located away from the main
Shan State
Shan State ( my, ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်, ; shn, မိူင်းတႆး, italics=no) also known by the endonyms Shanland, Muang Tai, and Tailong, is a state of Myanmar. Shan State borders China (Yunnan) to the north, Laos ...
area in present-day
Kachin State
Kachin State ( my, ကချင်ပြည်နယ်; Jingpho language, Kachin: ), also known by the endonym Kachinland, is the northernmost administrative divisions of Myanmar, state of Myanmar. It is bordered by China to the north and east ...
close to the border with
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slig ...
.
The state existed until 1772. The main town was
Man Maw (Bhamo). The name of the state means 'the village of pots (or potters)' in the
Shan language
The Shan language (written Shan: , , spoken Shan: , or , ; my, ရှမ်းဘာသာ, ; th, ภาษาไทใหญ่, ) is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar. It is also spoken in ...
.
[Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 8, p. 47. - Bhamo District, History](_blank)
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History
The early history of the state is obscure. But legends tell of a powerful predecessor Tai state having been established in the area previously which had its capital at the now ruined place of Sampenago. The ruins of the old city walls, dating from the fifth Century, are found some 5 km from the modern town of Bhamo
Bhamo ( my, ဗန်းမော်မြို့ ''ban: mau mrui.'', also spelt Banmaw; shn, မၢၼ်ႈမူဝ်ႇ; tdd, ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥨᥝᥱ; zh, 新街, Hsinkai) is a city in Kachin State in northern Myanmar, south of the ...
. The ancient capital of Sampenago was renowned for its stupa
A stupa ( sa, स्तूप, lit=heap, ) is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (such as ''śarīra'' – typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.
In Buddhism, circum ...
s housing relic
In religion, a relic is an object or article of religious significance from the past. It usually consists of the physical remains of a saint or the personal effects of the saint or venerated person preserved for purposes of veneration as a tangi ...
s of the Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha, was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism.
According to Buddhist tradition, he was born in L ...
.
In 1668 a ''saopha'' of Wanmaw named Sao Ngawk Hpa is said to have instigated an attack by the Chinese against the Kingdom of Burma.Ava Kingdom
The Kingdom of Ava ( my, အင်းဝခေတ်, ) was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1364 to 1555. Founded in 1365, the kingdom was the successor state to the petty kingdoms of Myinsaing, Pinya and Sagai ...
in 1772. The control of this frontier state by the Burmese Kingdom was loose and at the time of the beginning of British rule in Burma
( Burmese)
, conventional_long_name = Colony of Burma
, common_name = Burma
, era = Colonial era
, event_start = First Anglo-Burmese War
, year_start = 1824
, date_start = ...
the wun in charge of the administration of the territory was ''de facto'' quite independent.
Rulers
The rulers of the state bore the title ''Saopha
Chao-Pha (; Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of ...
''. Myowuns or wuns were the administrators of the territory of the former state after annexation by Burma.
Saophas
This state existed 1470–1772, when it was incorporated into Burma.
Saophas
* 955: Hkun Hkam Hseng
* 1470–1492: Sao Naw Hpa
* 1492–1506: Hso Wad Hpa (b. Hkun Naw Hkam)
* 1506–1517: Hso Hkoen Hpa
* 1517–1534: Naw Jad Hpa
* 1534–1540: Hso Hkam Hpa
* 1540–1549: Hso Hpoek Hpa
* 1549–1574: Ngawk Chew Hpa
* 1574–1601: Awk Htong Lung Sunt
* 1601–1643: U Thit Hpa
* 1643–1685: Sao Ngawk Hpa
* 1685–1706: Sao Hpi Hpa
* 1706–1719: Sao Mauk Hpa
* 1719–1720: Hpo U
* 1720–1727: Sao Muak Hpa
* 1727–1734: Sao Tung Ngai I (d. 1734)
* 1734–1735: Vacant
* 1735–1742: Kit Haw
* 1742–1770: Sao Tung Ngai II
* 1770–1772: Sao Moud Aung (b. 1690 – c. 1772)
Myowuns:
* 1772–17??: Mingyi Wailuthaya (U Shwe Ye)
* 1853–18??: Mingyi Maha Minhtin Yaza
* 1878–18??: U Pho Hla
References
External links
"Gazetteer of Upper Burma and the Shan states"
Shan States
Kachin State
{{Kachin-geo-stub