Wai Ren () or Bu Ren (), personal name Zi Fa, was a

Shang dynasty The Shang dynasty (), also known as the Yin dynasty (), was a Chinese royal dynasty founded by Tang of Shang (Cheng Tang) that ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and ...

King of China The Chinese sovereign was the ruler of a particular monarchical regime in the historical periods of ancient China and imperial China. Sovereigns ruling the same regime, and descended from the same paternal line, constituted a dynasty. Several t ...

. In the ''

Records of the Grand Historian ''Records of the Grand Historian'', also known by its Chinese name ''Shiji'', is a monumental history of China that is the first of China's 24 dynastic histories. The ''Records'' was written in the early 1st century by the ancient Chinese his ...

'' he was listed by Sima Qian as the eleventh Shang king, succeeding his brother

Zhong Ding Zhong Ding (), personal name Zǐ Zhuāng, was a Shang dynasty King of China. In the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' he was listed by Sima Qian as the tenth Shang king, succeeding his father Tai Wu (). He was enthroned in the year of Xinchou () ...

(). He was enthroned in the year of Gengxu () with Ao () as his capital. During his reign there was a rebellion from Shang's vassals of Pei () and Xian () peoples. He ruled for 15 years (although the '' Bamboo Annals'' claim 10 years) before his death. He was given the posthumous name Wai Ren and was succeeded by his son

He Dan Jia He Dan Jia () or Jian Jia (), personal name Zi Zheng, was a Shang dynasty King of China. Records In the ''Records of the Grand Historian'' he was listed by Sima Qian as the twelfth Shang king, succeeding his father Wai Ren. He was enthroned in ...

().

Oracle bone script Oracle bone script () is an ancient form of Chinese characters that were engraved on oracle bonesanimal bones or Turtle shell#Plastron, turtle plastrons used in pyromancy, pyromantic divination. Oracle bone script was used in the late 2nd millen ...

inscriptions on

bone A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals. Bones protect the various other organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, ...

s unearthed at

Yinxu Yinxu (modern ; ) is the site of one of the ancient and major historical capitals of China. It is the source of the archeological discovery of oracle bones and oracle bone script, which resulted in the identification of the earliest known Chine ...

alternatively record that he was the tenth Shang king, given the posthumous name Bu Ren () and succeeded by his son Jian Jia.

References

{{Kings of Shang Shang dynasty kings