Vostok (Russian: Восток, translated as "East") was a family of rockets derived from the Soviet R-7 Semyorka ICBM and was designed for the human spaceflight programme. This family of rockets launched the first artificial satellite ( Sputnik 1) and the first crewed spacecraft (

Vostok Vostok refers to east in Russian but may also refer to: Spaceflight * Vostok programme, Soviet human spaceflight project * Vostok (spacecraft), a type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union * Vostok (rocket family), family of rockets derived from ...

) in human history. It was a subset of the R-7 family of rockets. On March 18, 1980, a Vostok-2M rocket exploded on its launch pad at

Plesetsk Plesetsk (russian: Плесе́цк) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Plesetsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated about northeast of Moscow and south of Arkhangelsk. Municipally, it is ...

during a fueling operation, killing 48 people. An investigation into a similarbut avoidedaccident revealed that the substitution of lead-based for tin-based solder in hydrogen peroxide filters allowed the breakdown of the H₂O₂, thus causing the resultant explosion.

Variants

The major versions of the rocket were: *

Luna Luna commonly refers to: * Earth's Moon, named "Luna" in Latin * Luna (goddess), the ancient Roman personification of the Moon Luna may also refer to: Places Philippines * Luna, Apayao * Luna, Isabela * Luna, La Union * Luna, San Jose Roma ...

8K72 – used to launch the early

spacecraft * Vostok-L 8K72 – Variant of the Luna, used to launch prototype

Vostok spacecraft Vostok (russian: Восток, translated as "East") was a class of single-pilot crewed spacecraft built by the Soviet Union. The first human spaceflight was accomplished with Vostok 1 on April 12, 1961, by Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin. The ...

Vostok-K The Vostok-K (russian: Восток meaning ''"East"''), GRAU index 8K72K was an expendable carrier rocket used by the Soviet Union for thirteen launches between 1960 and 1964, six of which were manned. It was derived from the earlier Vostok-L ...

8K72K – a refined version of the above. This was the version actually used for human spaceflight * Vostok-2 8A92 – used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites throughout the 1960s * Vostok-2M 8A92M – modified version for launching Meteor weather satellites into higher orbits. * Soyuz/Vostok 11A110 – hybrid of

Soyuz Soyuz is a transliteration of the Cyrillic text Союз ( Russian and Ukrainian, 'Union'). It can refer to any union, such as a trade union (''profsoyuz'') or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Сою́з Сове́тских Социалис ...

and Vostok rockets used as an interim for two launches

Vostok 8K72K

*First Stage — Block B, V, G, D (four strap-on boosters) **Gross mass: 43,300 kg **Empty mass: 3,710 kg **Thrust (vac): 4 x 99,000

kgf KGF or ''kgf'' may refer to: *Keratinocyte growth factor *King George's Fields, UK, recreation grounds *Kolar Gold Fields *The IATA code for Sary-Arka Airport, Karaganda, Kazakhstan * ''K.G.F'' (film series), Indian Kannada-language film series * ...

(971 kN) = 3.88 MN ** Isp: **Burn time: 118 s **Isp(sl): **Diameter: 2.68 m **Span: 8.35 m **Length: 19.00 m **Propellants: Lox/Kerosene **Engines: 1 x RD-107-8D74-1959 per booster = 4 *Second Stage — Block A (core stage) **Gross mass: 100,400 kg **Empty mass: 6,800 kg **Thrust (vac): 912 kN **Isp: **Burn time: 301 s **Isp(sl): **Diameter: 2.99 m **Length: 28.00 m **Propellants: Lox/Kerosene **Engine: 1 x RD-108-8D75-1959 *Third Stage — Block E **Gross mass: 7,775 kg **Empty mass: 1,440 kg **Thrust (vac): 54.5 kN **Isp: **Burn time: 365 s **Diameter: 2.56 m **Span: 2.56 m **Length: 2.84 m **Propellants: Lox/Kerosene **Engine: 1 x RD-0109

Gallery

Image:Vostok rocket drawing.png, Vostok rocket Image:The Soviet Union 1969 CPA 3732 stamp (Vostok on Launching Pad).jpg, Vostok rocket

Variants

Vostok 8K72K

Gallery

See also