Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz (Russian: Владикавка́з,
IPA: [vlədʲɪkɐˈfkas], lit. ruler of the Caucasus; Ossetian:
Дзæуджыхъæу, translit. Dzæudžyqæu Ossetic
pronunciation: [ˈd͡zəwd͡ʒɪ̈qəw], lit. Dzaug's
settlement),[12][13][14] formerly known as Ordzhonikidze
(Орджоники́дзе) and Dzaudzhikau (Дзауджика́у),
is the capital city of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Russia.
It is located in the southeast of the republic at the foothills of the
Caucasus
Caucasus Mountains, situated on the Terek River. Population:
311,693 (2010 Census);[7] 315,068 (2002 Census);[15]
300,198 (1989 Census).[16]
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz is one of the most populous
cities in the North Caucasus.
The city is an industrial and transportation center. Manufactured
products include processed zinc and lead, machinery, chemicals,
clothing and food products.
Contents
1 History
2 Administrative and municipal status
3 Transportation
4 Population
5 Sports
6 Notable structures
7 Education
8 Religion
9 Twin towns and sister cities
10 Gallery
11 Geography
11.1 Climate
12 Notable people
13 References
13.1 Notes
13.2 Sources
14 External links
History[edit]
The city was founded in 1784[10] as a fortress during the Russian
conquest of the
Caucasus
Caucasus and was for many years the main Russian
military base in the region. The Georgian Military Highway, crossing
the mountains, was constructed in 1799 to link the city with Georgia
to the south, and in 1875 a railway was built to connect it to
Rostov-on-Don
Rostov-on-Don and
Baku
Baku in Azerbaijan.
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz has become an
important industrial center for the region, with smelting, refining,
chemicals and manufacturing industries.
A monument in the city
The city is one of the largest in the Russian-controlled Caucasus,
along with Grozny, and was the capital of the Mountain Autonomous
Soviet Socialist Republic, a Soviet Republic established after the
annexation of the Mountainous Republic of the North Caucasus. The
puppet state existed from 1921 to 1924 and was part of, and in some
cases incorporated, the modern-day territories of Chechnya, North
Ossetia and Kabardino-Balkaria.
From 1931 to 1944 and from 1954 to 1990, its name in both Russian and
Ossetic languages was Ordzhonikidze (Орджоники́дзе)
(after Sergo Ordzhonikidze, a Georgian Bolshevik), and from 1944 to
1954 it was officially called Dzaudzhikau (Дзауджика́у) in
Russian and (Дзæуджыхъæу) in Ossetic.
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz resumed
its old Russian name, in 1990, shortly before the dissolution of the
Soviet Union; the official Ossetic name was reverted to
Дзæуджыхъæу (Dzæudžyqæu).
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz was fought over in both the
Russian Civil War
Russian Civil War and World
War II. In February 1919, the anti-Communist
Volunteer Army
Volunteer Army under
General
Anton Denikin
Anton Denikin seized the city, before being expelled by the
Red Army
.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_(1924–1955).svg.png)
Red Army in March 1920. In November 1942, the forces of Nazi Germany
tried unsuccessfully to seize the city but were repelled.
In 1999, 2008 and 2010,
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz was a target of bombings.
On November 26, 2008, Vitaly Karayev, the mayor of Vladikavkaz
was killed by an unidentified gunman.[17] On December 31, 2008,
his successor, Kazbek Pagiyev, was also killed by unidentified
gunmen.[18]
Administrative and municipal status[edit]
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz is the capital of the republic.[3] Within the framework of
administrative divisions, it is, together with six rural localities,
incorporated as
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction—an
administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1]
As a municipal division,
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz City Under Republic Jurisdiction
is incorporated as
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz Urban Okrug.[4]
Transportation[edit]
The city is served by the bus network (marshrutkas). There are also
tram (since 1904) and trolleybus (since 1977) networks, plus the main
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz railway station.
The city is served by
Beslan Airport
Beslan Airport located about 9 kilometres
from the city.
The Georgian Military Road, which is a part of European route E117,
starts in
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz and it connects the city with the South
Caucasus.
Population[edit]
According to the results of the 2010 Census, the city population of
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz was 330,148. Census 1873 23,766 The ethnic makeup of
city's population was:
Ossetians: 1,800 (7,57%) 210,104 (63.9%)
Russians: 17,601 (74,06%) 80,945 (24.5%)
Armenians: 1,698 (74,06) 11,697 (3.5%)
Georgians: 7,014 (2.2%)
Ingush: 41 (0,17%) 3,225 (1.1%)
Azerbaijanians: 2,212 (0.7%)
Ukrainians: 1,857 (0.6%)
Greeks: 1,819 (0.5%)
German: 731 (3.09%)
Polish: 439 (1.85%)
Yuden: 743 (3.12%)
Persian: 631 (2.66%)
Chechen: 76 (0.32%)
Others: 7 (0.03%) 11,275 (3.4%)
Sports[edit]
FC Alania Vladikavkaz
FC Alania Vladikavkaz is an association football club based in
Vladikavkaz, who won the
Russian Premier League
.svg/200px-Prem'er-Liga_(2008).svg.png)
Russian Premier League in 1995.
Notable structures[edit]
In Vladikavkaz, there is a guyed TV mast, 198 meters (650 ft)
tall, built in 1961, which has six crossbars with gangways in two
levels running from the mast structure to the guys.
Education[edit]
North Ossetian State University
North Ossetian State University
North Ossetian State University is in the city.
Religion[edit]
The city's primary religion is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which is
followed by Russians, Georgians and some of the Ossetians. The rest of
the Ossetian population adheres to the next largest religion, Uatsdin,
an Ossetian folk religion, which nationwide is followed by 29% of the
population. The remainder follow Protestantism, Islam, Armenian
Orthodoxy and other beliefs.
Twin towns and sister cities[edit]
Main article: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz is twinned with:
Asheville, North Carolina, United States
Kardzhali, Bulgaria
Makhachkala, Russia
Nalchik, Russia
Ardahan, Turkey
Gallery[edit]
Hotel Imperial
Mira avenue amid Stolovaya mountain
Armenian Church, 1868
State academic Russian theatre named after E. Vakhtangov, 1869
The corner of Gorky street and Mira Avenue
State theatre of Opera and ballet of North Ossetia-Alania
North Ossetian state art Museum named after M. Tuganov
St. George's Cathedral
The angle of Kuibyshev street and Mira Avenue
The Church Of The Nativity Of The Virgin, 1815
Geography[edit]
Climate[edit]
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen climate
classification Dfb) with warm, wet summers and cold, drier winters
(though very mild for Russia).
Climate data for Vladikavkaz
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
19.6
(67.3)
23.0
(73.4)
30.3
(86.5)
34.0
(93.2)
35.0
(95)
38.0
(100.4)
37.5
(99.5)
39.2
(102.6)
38.2
(100.8)
33.5
(92.3)
27.0
(80.6)
27.1
(80.8)
39.2
(102.6)
Average high °C (°F)
3.0
(37.4)
3.2
(37.8)
7.7
(45.9)
14.8
(58.6)
19.4
(66.9)
23.2
(73.8)
25.7
(78.3)
25.4
(77.7)
20.8
(69.4)
15.1
(59.2)
8.4
(47.1)
4.3
(39.7)
14.3
(57.7)
Daily mean °C (°F)
−1.9
(28.6)
−1.7
(28.9)
3.0
(37.4)
9.5
(49.1)
14.1
(57.4)
18.0
(64.4)
20.6
(69.1)
20.1
(68.2)
15.6
(60.1)
9.8
(49.6)
3.6
(38.5)
−0.7
(30.7)
9.2
(48.6)
Average low °C (°F)
−5.6
(21.9)
−5.7
(21.7)
−0.9
(30.4)
5.1
(41.2)
9.6
(49.3)
13.5
(56.3)
16.1
(61)
15.7
(60.3)
11.2
(52.2)
5.7
(42.3)
0.1
(32.2)
−4.2
(24.4)
5.1
(41.2)
Record low °C (°F)
−27.2
(−17)
−27.8
(−18)
−22.0
(−7.6)
−8.9
(16)
−2.8
(27)
2.2
(36)
7.5
(45.5)
6.0
(42.8)
0.0
(32)
−10.0
(14)
−22.2
(−8)
−25.0
(−13)
−27.8
(−18)
Average precipitation mm (inches)
31
(1.22)
34
(1.34)
54
(2.13)
85
(3.35)
140
(5.51)
175
(6.89)
109
(4.29)
89
(3.5)
75
(2.95)
60
(2.36)
46
(1.81)
31
(1.22)
929
(36.57)
Average snowfall cm (inches)
11
(4.3)
17
(6.7)
11
(4.3)
15
(5.9)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
7
(2.8)
10
(3.9)
10
(3.9)
81
(31.8)
Average precipitation days
6
6
8
10
14
14
11
9
8
7
7
6
106
Average relative humidity (%)
79
79
78
74
76
76
74
75
79
80
81
80
77.6
Mean monthly sunshine hours
111.6
120.4
127.1
144.0
186.0
201.0
220.1
210.8
153.0
130.2
111.0
102.3
1,817.5
Source #1: Pogoda.ru.net[19]
Source #2:
World Meteorological Organisation
World Meteorological Organisation (UN)[20]
Notable people[edit]
Lado Davidov (1924-1987) — Soviet soldier, Hero of the Soviet Union
Murat Gassiev (born 1993) — a professional boxer, undefeated unified
cruiserweight world champion
Valery Gazzaev
Valery Gazzaev (born 1954) — Russian football manager and former
footballer
Valery Gergiev
Valery Gergiev (born 1953) — Russian conductor and opera company
director
Vitaly Kaloyev
Vitaly Kaloyev (born 1956) — a convicted murderer and a former
architect
Issa Pliyev (1903–1979) — Soviet military commander, twice Hero of
the Soviet Union
Vyacheslav Voronin (born 1974) - Russian high jumper, gold medallist
at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ a b c d e Law #34-RZ
^ http://sputnik-ossetia.ru/North_Ossetia/20160926/3080916.html
^ a b Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
^ a b c Law #10-RZ
^ http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/glava/
^ http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/sobranie/
^ a b
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
"Всероссийская перепись населения 2010
года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census,
vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись
населения 2010 года (2010 All-
Russia
Russia Population
Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June
29, 2012.
^ The value of density was calculated automatically by dividing the
2010 Census population by the area specified in the infobox. Please
note that this value may not be accurate as the area specified in the
infobox does not necessarily correspond to the area of the entity
proper or is reported for the same year as the population.
^ Правительство Российской
Федерации. Федеральный
закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об
исчислении времени», в ред.
Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03
июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в
Федеральный закон "Об исчислении
времени"». Вступил в силу по
истечении шестидесяти дней после дня
официального опубликования (6 августа
2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская
газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian
Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31,
2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ
of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating
Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the
official publication.).
^ a b c d e Энциклопедия Города России.
Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия.
2003. p. 75. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
^ Почта России.
Информационно-вычислительный центр
ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов
почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
^ http://vladikavkaz-osetia.ru/city/history.php the official Ossetic
name>Дзæуджыхъæу (Dzæudžyqæu)
^ http://region15.ru/docs/vladikavkaz
^ http://docs.cntd.ru/document/304200016
^
Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004).
"Численность населения России,
субъектов Российской Федерации в
составе федеральных округов, районов,
городских поселений, сельских
населённых пунктов – районных
центров и сельских населённых пунктов
с населением 3 тысячи и более
человек" [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal
Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural
Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with
Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская
перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia
Population Census of 2002] (in Russian). Retrieved August 9,
2014.
^ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись
населения 1989 г. Численность
наличного населения союзных и
автономных республик, автономных
областей и округов, краёв, областей,
районов, городских поселений и
сёл-райцентров" [All Union Population Census of 1989:
Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous
Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and
Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
Всесоюзная перепись населения
1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian).
Институт демографии Национального
исследовательского университета:
Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at
the National Research University: Higher School of Economics].
Retrieved August 9, 2014.
^ "Europe Southern
Russia
Russia mayor gunned down". BBC News. 2008-11-26.
Retrieved 2010-04-25.
^ "Itar-Tass". Itar-Tass. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved September 8, 2007.
^ "World Weather Information Service – Wladikavkaz". United Nations.
Retrieved December 31, 2010.
Sources[edit]
Верховный Совет Республики Северная
Осетия. 12 ноября 1994 г. «Республика
Северная Осетия-Алания. Конституция.»,
в ред. Конституционного Закона №5-РКЗ
от 4 декабря 2013 г. «О внесении
изменений в Конституцию Республики
Северная Осетия–Алания». Вступил в
силу 7 декабря 1994 г. Опубликован:
брошюрой "Конституция Республики
Северная Осетия–Алания". (Supreme Council of the
Republic of North Ossetia. November 12, 1994 Republic of
North Ossetia–Alania. Constitution., as amended by the
Constitutional Law #5-RKZ of December 4, 2013 On
Amending the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania.
Effective as of December 7, 1994.).
Закон №34-РЗ от 9 июля 2007 г. «Об
административно-территориальном
устройстве Республики Северная
Осетия-Алания», в ред. Закона №44-РЗ
от 12 ноября 2013 г. «О внесении
изменений в Приложение к Закону
Республики Северная Осетия–Алания
"Об административно-территориальном
устройстве Республики Северная
Осетия–Алания" и Закон Республики
Северная Осетия–Алания "Об
установлении границ муниципального
образования Алагирский район,
наделении его статусом
муниципального района, образовании в
его составе муниципальных
образований — городского и
сельских поселений"». Вступил в
силу со дня официального
опубликования. Опубликован: "Северная
Осетия", №148(24949), 16 августа 2007 г.
(Law #34-RZ of July 9, 2007 On the
Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of North
Ossetia–Alania, as amended by the Law #44-RZ
of November 12, 2013 On Amending the Appendix to the Law of
the
Republic of North Ossetia–Alania
Republic of North Ossetia–Alania "On the
Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of North
Ossetia–Alania" and the Law of the Republic of North
Ossetia–Alania "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal
Formation of Alagirsky District, Granting It the Status of a Municipal
District, Establishing Municipal Formations—Urban and Rural
Settlements—Within Its Structure". Effective as of the official
publication date.).
Закон №10-РЗ от 5 марта 2005 г. «Об
установлении границ муниципального
образования город Владикавказ,
наделении его статусом городского
округа», в ред. Закона №34-РЗ от 19
июля 2006 г «О внесении изменений в
Закон Республики Северная
Осетия-Алания "Об установлении границ
муниципального образования город
Владикавказ, наделении его статусом
городского округа"». Вступил в
силу 1 марта 2005 г. Опубликован:
"Северная Осетия", №43 (24344), 15 марта 2005 г.
(Law #10-RZ of March 5, 2005 On Establishing the
Borders of the Municipal Formation of the City of
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz and On
Granting It Urban Okrug Status, as amended by the Law #34-RZ
of July 19, 2006 On Amending the Law of the Republic of
North Ossetia–Alania "On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal
Formation of the City of
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz and On Granting It Urban Okrug
Status". Effective as of March 1, 2005.).
External links[edit]
Media related to
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz at Wikimedia Commons
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz travel guide from Wikivoyage
"Vladikavkaz". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Vladikavkaz
Vladikavkaz official site (in Russian)
v
t
e
Administrative divisions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Capital: Vladikavkaz
Districts
Alagirsky
Ardonsky
Digorsky
Irafsky
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Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 132517031
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