Hindustani classical music Hindustani classical music is the classical music of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent. It may also be called North Indian classical music or, in Hindustani, ''shastriya sangeet'' (). It is played in instruments like the violin, si ...

, ''vivadi'' ( sa, विवादि meaning "

dissonant In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive Sound, sounds. Within the Western tradition, some listeners associate consonance with sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability, and dissonance with harshness ...

") refers to pitches that are not part of the ''

arohana Arohana, Arohanam or Aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, ''Glossary'' pages, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications The pitch increases as we ...

'' or '' avrohana'' of a given raga. In general, ''vivadi'' are not to be played during an improvisation on a given raga. So, for instance, if a raga had the structure S R G m P D N S', S' N D P m G R S; in that case, r, g, M, d and n would all be ''vivadi''. Although ''vivadi'' pitches are generally to be avoided during the playing of a given raga, they are occasionally added by skilled performers in order to introduce some color to an interpretation.

In Carnatic music

Carnatic music Carnatic music, known as or in the South Indian languages, is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, and Sri Lanka. It is ...

, vivadi is used in ''vivadi

swara Svara or swara (Devanagari: स्वर, generally pronounced as ''swar'') is a Sanskrit word that connotes simultaneously a breath, a vowel, the sound of a musical note corresponding to its name, and the successive steps of the octave or '' ...

m'', , ''vivadi ragam'', and by extension ''vivadi melakarta''. ''Vivadi'' term means going against the grain of thought or approach.

Vivadi swaram

A ''swaram'' is said to be ''vivadi'' in relationship with another swaram. There are twelve swarams in Indian classical music. But there are 16 notes. Thus some notes occupy the same frequencies.

Vivadi ragam

A ''ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams, especially with the '' vadi'' swaram of the ragam (vadi swaram means important swaram for that ragam or scale). The ragam still is a valid scale and compositions are made using such ragams too. Examples of popular Vivadi ragas are :

Nata Nata could refer to: __NOTOC__ Places * Nata, Botswana, a village in Central District of Botswana * Nata, Cyprus, a small village near Paphos, Cyprus * Natá, Coclé, a town and corregimiento in Natá District, Coclé Province, Panama * Natá Di ...

Varali Varali or Varaali (pronounced varāḷi) is a rāgam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music). It is classified either as the 39th mela kartha raga or as a ''janya'' rāgam (derived scale) of the 39th ''melakarta'' scale ...

, Vagadheeswari.

Vivadi melakarta

A ''Melakarta ragam'' is ''vivadi'' if it contains ''vivadi'' swarams. 40 of the 72 Melakarta ragams have ''vivadi'' swaras.''Ragas in Carnatic music'' by Dr. S. Bhagyalekshmy, Pub. 1990, CBH Publications''Raganidhi'' by P. Subba Rao, Pub. 1964, The Music Academy of Madras

Vivadi dosha

''Dosha'' means negative effect. ''Vivadi'' ragams are said to have ''vivadi dosha'', which can be overcome by singing the ''vivadi'' swarams in certain phrases that are said to reduce the negative effect.

References

External links

Articles that discuss vivadi ragas and a review of concerts that mentions some of vivadi ragams
A peep into Vivadi ragas
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} - from The Hindu online (newspaper) Hindustani music terminology Carnatic music Carnatic music terminology