Vincent of Lérins

Vincent of Lérins ( la, Vincentius; died ) was a Gallic monk and author of early Christian writings. One example was the ''Commonitorium'', c.434, which offers guidance in the orthodox teaching of Christianity. Suspected of semipelagianism, he opposed the Augustinian model of grace and was probably the recipient of Prosper of Aquitaine's ''Responsiones ad Capitula Objectionum Vincentianarum''. His feast day is celebrated on 24 May.

Personal life

Vincent of Lérins was born in Toulouse, Gaul,"St. Vincent of Lérins", St. Vincent of Lérins Orthodox Church, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
/ref> to a noble family, and he is believed to be the brother of Lupus of Troyes. In his early life he engaged in secular pursuits; it is unclear whether these were civil or military, though the term he uses, , may imply the latter. He entered Lérins Abbey on Île Saint-Honorat, where under the pseudonym Peregrinus he wrote the ''Commonitorium'' , about three years after the Council of Ephesus. Vincent defended calling Mary, mother of Jesus, ''Theotokos'' (God-bearer). This opposed the teachings of Patriarch Nestorius of Constantinople which were condemned by the Council of Ephesus. Eucherius of Lyon called him a "conspicuously eloquent and knowledgeable" holy man.

Gennadius of Massilia wrote that Vincent died during the reigns of the Roman Emperor Theodosius II in the East and Valentinian III in the West. Therefore, his death must have occurred in or before the year 450. His relics are preserved at Lérins.Butler, Alban. ''The Lives or the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints'', Vol.V, by the Rev. Alban Butler, D. & J. Sadlier, & Company, (1864)
/ref> Caesar Baronius included his name in the ''Roman Martyrology'' but Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont doubted whether there was sufficient reason. He is commemorated on 24 May.

''Commonitory''

Vincent wrote his '' Commonitory'' to provide himself with a general rule to distinguish Catholic truth from heresy, committing it to writing as a reference. It is known for Vincent's famous maxim: "Moreover, in the Catholic Church itself, all possible care must be taken, that we hold that faith which has been believed everywhere, always, by all." Has good notes. The currently accepted idea that Vincent was a semipelagian is attributed to a 17th-century Protestant theologian, Gerardus Vossius, and developed in the 17th century by Cardinal Henry Noris. Evidence of Vincent's semipelagianism, according to Reginald Moxon, is Vincent's, "great vehemence against" the doctrines of Augustine of Hippo in ''Commonitory''.

Pope Francis has quoted Vincent's Commonitory on several occasions, notably his words on doctrine and the progress of doctrine: "The dogma of the Christian religion must follow these laws. It progresses, consolidating over the years, developing with time, deepening with age."

Semipelagianism

Semipelagianism was a doctrine of grace advocated by monks in and around Marseilles in Southern Gaul after 428. It aimed at a compromise between the two extremes of Pelagianism and Augustinism, and was condemned as heresy at the Second Council of Orange in 529 AD after more than a century of disputes.

Augustine wrote of prevenient grace, and expanded to a discussion of predestination. A number of monastic communities took exception to the latter because it seemed to nullify the value of asceticism practiced under their rules. John Cassian felt that Augustine's stress on predestination ruled out any need for human cooperation or consent.

Vincent was suspected of Semipelagianism but whether he actually held that doctrine is not clear as it is not found in the ''Commonitorium''. But it is probable that his sympathies were with those who held it. Considering that the monks of the Lérins Islands – like the general body of clergy of Southern Gaul – were Semipelagians, it is not surprising that Vincent was suspected of Semipelagianism. It is also possible that Vincent held to a position closer to the Eastern Orthodox position of today, which they claim to have been virtually universal until the time of Augustine, and which may have been interpreted as Semipelagian by Augustine's followers.

Vincent upheld tradition and seemed to have objected to much of Augustine's work as "new" theology. He shared Cassian's reservations about Augustine's views on the role of grace. In the ''Commonitorium'' he listed theologians and teachers who, in his view, had made significant contributions to the defense and spreading of the Gospel; he omitted Augustine from that list. Some commentators have viewed Cassian and Vincent as "Semiaugustinian" rather than Semipelagian.

It is a matter of academic debate whether Vincent is the author of the ''Objectiones Vincentianae'', a collection of sixteen inferences allegedly deduced from Augustine's writings, which is lost and only known through Prosper of Aquitaine's rejoinder, ''Responsiones ad capitula objectionum Vincentianarum''. It is dated close to the time of the ''Commonitorium'' and its animus is very similar to the ''Commonitorium'' sections 70 and 86, making it possible that both were written by the same author.

References

Further reading

* Thomas G. Guarino, ''Vincent of Lerins and the Development of Christian Doctrine.'' Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2013.

External links

Opera Omnia by Migne Patristica Latina

Vincent of Lerins, ''The "Vincentian Canon"''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vincent Of Lerins
Ancient Roman soldiers
Christian writers
440s deaths
5th-century Christian saints
Church Fathers
5th-century Latin writers
People from Toul
Gallo-Roman saints
Year of birth unknown