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The Pistola Mitragliatrice Villar Perosa M1915, official named FIAT Mod. 1915, was an Italian portable automatic weapon developed during
As it was originally designed to be operated from airplanes, it had a high rate of fire of over 1,500 rounds per minute. However, in practice the 9mm Glisenti ammunition was not sufficiently powerful to shoot down aircraft, which had become ever more resistant over the course of the war, and in addition the range was inadequate, so it was eventually dismissed by the Corpo Aeronautico.
It was also used during World War I by Italian infantry, with a bipod and a gun shield (which proved to be uncomfortable in combat and was subsequently removed). Despite its high rate of fire, its atypical design, and its weight, it proved to be very effective at short range. It was operated by Bersaglieri too, often mounted on bicycles.
It was in particularly appreciated as a squad weapon by the Arditi, the Royal Italian Army World War I era shock troops, due to its high rate of fire and its weight (it was very light for a support weapon), and went under various modifications: Lt. Col. Giuseppe Bassi personally designed a carrying system (consisting of a leather belt fixed to the handles that was later arranged behind the gunner's neck) and a 1.6 kg bipod and removed the gun shield (which weighed roughly 26 kg) to enhance Arditi performances in battle. In his idea, a section of 8 (later 16) VP machine guns had to support the attack of 20 to 30 Arditi armed with rifles, daggers and hand-grenades, giving adequate
''The Machine Gun. History, Evolution, and Development of Manual, Automatic, and Airborne Repeating Weapons'', Volume I
* Philip Schreier, ''The World's First Sub-Gun''. Guns & Ammo Surplus Firearms, September 2009.
YouTube video of the Villar Perosa SMG Firing
Defence Configuration
Replica Aircraft Configuration
M1915 Video
YouTube animation showing mechanism of Villar Perosa mounted in Voisin 3 aircraft
{{Multiple Barrel Firearms 9mm Glisenti submachine guns Multi-barrel machine guns Multiple-barrel firearms Submachine guns of Italy World War I submachine guns World War I aircraft guns
World War I
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
by the ''Officine di Villar Perosa''.
Originally designed to be used by the second crew member/observer of military airplanes, it was later issued to ground troops. Between May and November 1916 a section was assigned to each infantry battalion of the Italian army and from May 1917 the number of sections was increased to 3 per battalion.
As it was designed to use 9x19mm ammunition, it is said to be the first true submachine gun. Due to its extremely high rate of fire, it was nicknamed ''Pernacchia'' (''raspberry'') by its operators.
Design
The Villar Perosa was designed as a portable double-barrel machine gun firing a handgun round. It consisted of two independent coupled weapons, each with its own barrel, firing mechanism, and separate 25-round magazine.Operational history
As it was originally designed to be operated from airplanes, it had a high rate of fire of over 1,500 rounds per minute. However, in practice the 9mm Glisenti ammunition was not sufficiently powerful to shoot down aircraft, which had become ever more resistant over the course of the war, and in addition the range was inadequate, so it was eventually dismissed by the Corpo Aeronautico.
It was also used during World War I by Italian infantry, with a bipod and a gun shield (which proved to be uncomfortable in combat and was subsequently removed). Despite its high rate of fire, its atypical design, and its weight, it proved to be very effective at short range. It was operated by Bersaglieri too, often mounted on bicycles.
It was in particularly appreciated as a squad weapon by the Arditi, the Royal Italian Army World War I era shock troops, due to its high rate of fire and its weight (it was very light for a support weapon), and went under various modifications: Lt. Col. Giuseppe Bassi personally designed a carrying system (consisting of a leather belt fixed to the handles that was later arranged behind the gunner's neck) and a 1.6 kg bipod and removed the gun shield (which weighed roughly 26 kg) to enhance Arditi performances in battle. In his idea, a section of 8 (later 16) VP machine guns had to support the attack of 20 to 30 Arditi armed with rifles, daggers and hand-grenades, giving adequate suppressive fire
In military science, suppressive fire is "fire that degrades the performance of an enemy force below the level needed to fulfill its mission". When used to protect exposed friendly troops advancing on the battlefield, it is commonly called cove ...
and striking the enemy on a psychological level as well. Each weapon was manned by 4 people: a shooter with a backpack or a shoulder ammo bag and 3 ammo carriers, who could take with them up to 5000 rounds.
Some VP machine pistols were equipped with a wooden stock, though the firing mechanism remained unaltered and was not modified in the fashion of, for example, the OVP SMG or the MAB 18.
Legacy
In 1917,Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire,, the Dual Monarchy, or Austria, was a constitutional monarchy and great power in Central Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed with the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of ...
created a copy of the VP, the Sturmpistole M.18, which featured a straight magazine rather than curved magazines.
The mechanism of the VP was a sound design, and shortly after the end of the war was used as the basis of more practical weapons, such as the OVP submachine gun and the Beretta MAB-18.
Users
* * : Captured examples * : Captured examples * : Trial purposes, chambered in .455 Webley AutoSee also
* Beretta M1918 *Gast gun
The Gast gun was a German twin barrelled machine gun that was developed by Karl Gast of Vorwerk und Companie of Barmen and used during the First World War. Its unique operating system produced a very high rate of fire of 1,600 rounds per minute ...
References
Bibliography
* George M. Chinn''The Machine Gun. History, Evolution, and Development of Manual, Automatic, and Airborne Repeating Weapons'', Volume I
* Philip Schreier, ''The World's First Sub-Gun''. Guns & Ammo Surplus Firearms, September 2009.
External links
YouTube video of the Villar Perosa SMG Firing
Defence Configuration
Replica Aircraft Configuration
M1915 Video
YouTube animation showing mechanism of Villar Perosa mounted in Voisin 3 aircraft
{{Multiple Barrel Firearms 9mm Glisenti submachine guns Multi-barrel machine guns Multiple-barrel firearms Submachine guns of Italy World War I submachine guns World War I aircraft guns