In electronics engineering, video processing is a particular case of

signal processing Signal processing is an electrical engineering subfield that focuses on analyzing, modifying and synthesizing '' signals'', such as sound, images, and scientific measurements. Signal processing techniques are used to optimize transmissions, ...

, in particular image processing, which often employs video filters and where the input and output signals are video files or video streams. Video processing techniques are used in television sets, VCRs, DVDs, video codecs,

video player Media player software is a type of application software for playing multimedia computer files like audio and video files. Media players commonly display standard media control icons known from physical devices such as tape recorders and CD p ...

s, video scalers and other devices. For example—commonly only

design A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system or for the implementation of an activity or process or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product, or process. The verb ''to design' ...

and video processing is different in TV sets of different manufactures.

Video processor

Video processors are often combined with video scalers to create a video processor that improves the apparent definition of video signals. They perform the following tasks: * deinterlacing * aspect ratio control * digital zoom and pan *

brightness Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light. In other words, brightness is the perception elicited by the luminance of a visual target. The perception is not linear to luminance, ...

/ contrast/ hue/ saturation/ sharpness/

gamma Gamma (uppercase , lowercase ; ''gámma'') is the third letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 3. In Ancient Greek, the letter gamma represented a voiced velar stop . In Modern Greek, this letter r ...

adjustments * frame rate conversion and inverse-telecine * color point conversion (601 to 709 or 709 to 601) *

color space A color space is a specific organization of colors. In combination with color profiling supported by various physical devices, it supports reproducible representations of colorwhether such representation entails an analog or a digital represen ...

conversion ( YP_BP_R/ YC_BC_R to RGB or RGB to YP_BP_R/YC_BC_R) *

mosquito noise A compression artifact (or artefact) is a noticeable distortion of media (including images, audio, and video) caused by the application of lossy compression. Lossy data compression involves discarding some of the media's data so that it beco ...

reduction * block noise reduction * detail enhancement * edge enhancement *

motion compensation Motion compensation in computing, is an algorithmic technique used to predict a frame in a video, given the previous and/or future frames by accounting for motion of the camera and/or objects in the video. It is employed in the encoding of video d ...

* primary and secondary color calibration (including hue/saturation/luminance controls independently for each) These can either be in chip form, or as a stand-alone unit to be placed between a source device (like a DVD player or set-top-box) and a display with less-capable processing. The most widely recognized video processor companies in the market are: * Genesis Microchip (with the FLI chipset – was Genesis Microchip, STMicroelectronics completes acquisition of Genesis Microchip on January 25, 2008) * Sigma Designs (with the VXP chipset – was Gennum, Sigma Designs purchased the Image Processing group from Gennum on February 8, 2008, Sigma Desings is now part of Silicon Labs) * Integrated Device Technology (with the HQV chipset and Teranex system products – was Silicon Optix, IDT purchased SO on October 21, 2008, IDT is now part of Renesas) * Silicon Image (with the VRS chipset and DVDO system products - was Anchor Bay Technologies, Silicon Image purchased ABT on February 10, 2011) All of these companies' chips are in devices ranging from DVD upconverting players (for Standard Definition) to HD DVD/

Blu-ray Disc The Blu-ray Disc (BD), often known simply as Blu-ray, is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 2005 and released on June 20, 2006 worldwide. It is designed to supersede the DVD format, and capable of sto ...

players and set-top boxes, to displays like plasmas, DLP (both front and rear projection), LCD (both flat-panels and

projectors A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen. Most projectors create an image by shining a light through a small transparent lens, but some newer types ...

), and

LCOS Liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS or LCOS) is a miniaturized reflective active-matrix liquid-crystal display or "microdisplay" using a liquid crystal layer on top of a silicon backplane. It is also referred to as a spatial light modulator. LCoS was ...

SXRD SXRD (Silicon X-tal Reflective Display) is Sony's proprietary variant of liquid crystal on silicon, a technology used mainly in projection televisions and video projectors. In the front and rear-projection television market, it competes directly wit ...

". Their chips are also becoming more available in stand alone devices (see "External links" below for links to a few of these).

References

* Bovik, Al (ed.). ''Handbook of Image and Video Processing''. San Diego: Academic Press, 2000. . * Wang, Yao, Jörn Ostermann, and Ya-Qin Zhang. ''Video Processing and Communications''
Signal Processing
Series. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2002. . {{DEFAULTSORT:Video Processing Video signal Television terminology Multidimensional signal processing