Vernon and Irene Castle were a husband-and-wife team of

ballroom dance Ballroom dance is a set of partner dances, which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world, mostly because of its performance and entertainment aspects. Ballroom dancing is also widely enjoyed on stage, film, and television ...

rs and dance teachers who appeared on

Broadway Broadway may refer to: Theatre * Broadway Theatre (disambiguation) * Broadway theatre, theatrical productions in professional theatres near Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, U.S. ** Broadway (Manhattan), the street **Broadway Theatre (53rd Stree ...

and in silent films in the early 20th century. They are credited with reviving the popularity of modern dancing. Castle was a stage name: Vernon (2 May 1887 – 15 February 1918) was born William Vernon Blyth in England. Irene (7 April 1893 – 25 January 1969) was born Irene Foote in the United States. The couple reached the peak of their popularity in

Irving Berlin Irving Berlin (born Israel Beilin; yi, ישראל ביילין; May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was a Russian-American composer, songwriter and lyricist. His music forms a large part of the Great American Songbook. Born in Imperial Russ ...

's first

show, '' Watch Your Step'' (1914), in which they refined and popularized the

Foxtrot The foxtrot is a smooth, progressive dance characterized by long, continuous flowing movements across the dance floor. It is danced to big band (usually vocal) music. The dance is similar in its look to waltz, although the rhythm is in a tim ...

. They also helped to promote ragtime, jazz rhythms and

African-American music African-American music is an umbrella term covering a diverse range of music and musical genres largely developed by African Americans and their culture. Their origins are in musical forms that first came to be due to the condition of slaver ...

for dance. Irene became a fashion icon through her appearances on stage and in early movies, and both Castles were in demand as teachers and writers on dance. After serving with distinction as a pilot in the British

Royal Flying Corps "Through Adversity to the Stars" , colors = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = , decorations ...

during World War I, Vernon died in a plane crash on a flight training base near Fort Worth, Texas, in 1918. Irene continued to perform solo in Broadway, vaudeville and motion picture productions over the next decade. She remarried three times, had children and became an animal-rights activist. In 1939, her life with Vernon was dramatized in ''

The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle ''The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle'' is a 1939 American biographical musical comedy directed by H.C. Potter. The film stars Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, Edna May Oliver, and Walter Brennan. The film is based on the stories ''My Husband'' and ...

''.

Rise to fame

Vernon, the son of a pub owner, was born on 2 May 1887 and raised in

Norwich Norwich () is a cathedral city and district of Norfolk, England, of which it is the county town. Norwich is by the River Wensum, about north-east of London, north of Ipswich and east of Peterborough. As the seat of the Episcopal see, See of ...

, Norfolk. Initially training to become a civil engineer, he moved to New York in 1906 with his sister,

Coralie Blythe Coralie Blythe (born Caroline Maud Blyth; 28 January 1881 – 24 July 1928), was an English actress and singer, who is best remembered for her numerous postcard photos and her roles in Edwardian musical comedy. Although she never became a big s ...

, and her husband Lawrence Grossmith, both established actors. There he was given a small part on stage by

Lew Fields Lew Fields (born Moses Schoenfeld, January 1867 – July 20, 1941) was an American actor, comedian, vaudeville star, theatre manager, and producer. He was part of a comedy duo with Joe Weber. He also produced shows on his own and starred in ...

, which led to further acting work, and he became established as a comic actor, singer, dancer and conjuror, under the stage name Vernon Castle.Cohen, Selma Jeanne. "Castle, Irene and Vernon", ''International Encyclopedia of Dance'', vol. 1, Oxford University Press, 1998 pp. 78–80 As a dancer in comedic roles, his specialty was playing a gentleman drunk, who elegantly fell about the stage while trying to hide his condition. Irene was born on 7 April 1893 in

New Rochelle New Rochelle (; older french: La Nouvelle-Rochelle) is a city in Westchester County, New York, United States, in the southeastern portion of the state. In 2020, the city had a population of 79,726, making it the seventh-largest in the state o ...

, New York, the daughter of a physician. She studied dancing and performed in several amateur theatricals before meeting Vernon Castle at the New Rochelle Rowing Club in 1910. With his help, she was hired for her first professional job, a small dancing part in "The Summer Widowers". On 28 May 1911, the two were married in Irene's hometown, New Rochelle. After their wedding, Irene joined Vernon in ''The Hen-Pecks'' (1911), a production in which he was a featured player. The two then traveled together to Paris to perform in a dance revue. The show closed quickly, but the couple was then hired as a dance act by the Café de Paris. They performed the latest American

ragtime Ragtime, also spelled rag-time or rag time, is a musical style that flourished from the 1890s to 1910s. Its cardinal trait is its syncopated or "ragged" rhythm. Ragtime was popularized during the early 20th century by composers such as Scott J ...

dances, such as the

Turkey Trot Turkey trot are footraces, usually of the long-distance variety, held on or around Thanksgiving Day in the United States. The name is derived from the use of turkey as a common centerpiece of the Thanksgiving dinner. A few races in the United K ...

and the

Grizzly Bear The grizzly bear (''Ursus arctos horribilis''), also known as the North American brown bear or simply grizzly, is a population or subspecies of the brown bear inhabiting North America. In addition to the mainland grizzly (''Ursus arctos horri ...

. The Castles were soon the rage of Parisian society; their success was widely reported in the United States, preparing their way for a triumphant return to New York in 1912. When they returned to the U.S., their success was repeated on a far wider scale. Making their New York debut in 1912 at a branch of the Cafe de Paris operated by Louis Martin, who had given them their start in Paris, the duo were soon in demand on stage, in

vaudeville Vaudeville (; ) is a theatrical genre of variety entertainment born in France at the end of the 19th century. A vaudeville was originally a comedy without psychological or moral intentions, based on a comical situation: a dramatic composition ...

and in motion pictures. They also became staples of

. Among their shows were ''

The Sunshine Girl ''The Sunshine Girl'' is an Edwardian musical comedy in two acts with a book by Paul A. Rubens and Cecil Raleigh, lyrics and music by Rubens and additional lyrics by Arthur Wimperis. The story involves a working girl who falls in love with ...

'' (1913) and '' Watch Your Step'' (1914), which boasted

's first score, written for the Castles. In this extravaganza, the couple refined and popularized the

. After its New York run, ''Watch Your Step'' toured through 1916. In 1914, the couple opened a dancing school in New York called "Castle House", a nightclub called "Castles by the Sea" on the Boardwalk in

Long Beach, New York Long Beach is an oceanfront city in Nassau County in New York, United States. It takes up a central section of the Long Beach Barrier Island, which is the westernmost of the outer barrier islands off Long Island's South Shore. As of the 2020 ...

, and a restaurant, "Sans Souci". At Castle House, they taught New York society the latest dance steps by day and greeted guests and performed at their club and cafe at night. They also were in demand for private lessons and appearances at fashionable parties. Despite their fame, they often found themselves treated as hired menials; if a rich client was too demanding, Vernon would quote a fee of a thousand dollars an hour for lessons and often get it.

Film and fashion

Vernon_and_Irene_Castle_dance_Maxixe_in_two_sketches_by_Marguerite_Martyn_1914

As America's premier dance team, the Castles were trendsetters in a number of arenas. Their enthusiasm for dance encouraged admirers to try new forms of social dance. Considered paragons of respectability and class, the Castles specifically helped remove the stigma of vulgarity from close dancing. The pair's image as a harmoniously married couple further promoted the

Progressive Era The Progressive Era (late 1890s – late 1910s) was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States focused on defeating corruption, monopoly, waste and inefficiency. The main themes ended during Am ...

ideals of a wholesome domestic relationship that was achievable through social dance The Castles' performances, often set to ragtime and jazz rhythms, also popularized

among well-heeled whites. The Castles appeared in a newsreel called ''Social and Theatrical Dancing'' in 1914 and wrote a bestselling instructional book, ''Modern Dancing'', later that year. The pair also starred in a feature film called ''The Whirl of Life'' (1915), which was well received by critics and public alike. As the couple's celebrity increased in the mid-1910s, Irene Castle became a major fashion trendsetter, initiating the vogue for shorter, fuller skirts and loose, elasticized corsets. She is also credited with introducing American women in 1913 or 1914 to the bob – the short, boyish hairstyle favored by

flapper Flappers were a subculture of young Western women in the 1920s who wore short skirts (knee height was considered short during that period), bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptab ...

s in the 1920s. The elegant, yet simple, flowing gowns Irene wore on stage and screen were regularly featured in ''

Vogue Vogue may refer to: Business * ''Vogue'' (magazine), a US fashion magazine ** British ''Vogue'', a British fashion magazine ** ''Vogue Arabia'', an Arab fashion magazine ** ''Vogue Australia'', an Australian fashion magazine ** ''Vogue China'', ...

'', ''

Harper's Bazaar ''Harper's Bazaar'' is an American monthly women's fashion magazine. It was first published in New York City on November 2, 1867, as the weekly ''Harper's Bazar''. ''Harper's Bazaar'' is published by Hearst and considers itself to be the ...

'' and other fashion magazines. These were often supplied by the famous couturier Lucile, but Irene also designed some of her clothes herself. The slender, elegant Castles were pioneers in other ways: they traveled with a black orchestra,

James Reese Europe James Reese Europe (February 22, 1881 – May 9, 1919) was an American ragtime and early jazz bandleader, arranger, and composer. He was the leading figure on the African Americans music scene of New York City in the 1910s. Eubie Blake called hi ...

's Society Orchestra, and had an openly

lesbian A lesbian is a Homosexuality, homosexual woman.Zimmerman, p. 453. The word is also used for women in relation to their sexual identity or sexual behavior, regardless of sexual orientation, or as an adjective to characterize or associate n ...

manager,

Elisabeth Marbury Elisabeth "Bessie" Marbury (June 19, 1856 – January 22, 1933) was a pioneering American theatrical and literary agent and producer who helped shape business methods of the modern commercial theater, and encouraged women to enter that industry. ...

. The Castles endorsed

Victor Records The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer that operated independently from 1901 until 1929, when it was acquired by the Radio Corporation of America and subsequently operated as a subsidi ...

and

Victrola The Victor Talking Machine Company was an American recording company and phonograph manufacturer that operated independently from 1901 until 1929, when it was acquired by the Radio Corporation of America and subsequently operated as a subsidi ...

s, issuing records by the Castle House Orchestra, led by

, a pioneering figure in

African-American African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of ensl ...

music. They also lent their names to advertising for other products, from cigars and cosmetics to shoes and hats.

World War I: Vernon's death

In 1915, Vernon decided to fight in

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

and began flight school in the U.S., leaving the touring cast of ''Watch Your Step''. He received his pilot's certificate in early 1916. The Castles gave two farewell performances at the

Hippodrome Theatre The Hippodrome Theatre, also called the New York Hippodrome, was a theater in New York City from 1905 to 1939, located on Sixth Avenue (Manhattan), Sixth Avenue between 43rd Street (Manhattan), West 43rd and 44th Street (Manhattan), West 44th St ...

in New York in January 1916, accompanied by

John Philip Sousa John Philip Sousa ( ; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches. He is known as "The March King" or the "American March King", to dis ...

and his band. Vernon sailed for England to enlist as a pilot in the

Royal Flying Corps "Through Adversity to the Stars" , colors = , colours_label = , march = , mascot = , anniversaries = , decorations ...

during

. Flying over the

Western Front Western Front or West Front may refer to: Military frontiers * Western Front (World War I), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (World War II), a military frontier to the west of Germany *Western Front (Russian Empire), a maj ...

, he completed 300 combat missions,"Vernon Castle Airplane Crash Site Memorial"
RoadsideAmerica.com, accessed 13 February 2014 shot down two aircraft and was awarded the

Croix de Guerre The ''Croix de Guerre'' (, ''Cross of War'') is a military decoration of France. It was first created in 1915 and consists of a square-cross medal on two crossed swords, hanging from a ribbon with various degree pins. The decoration was first awa ...

in 1917. He was posted to Canada to train new pilots, promoted to captain, and then transferred with the rest of his unit to the U.S. for winter training at

Camp Taliaferro Camp Taliaferro was a World War I flight-training center run under the direction of the Air Service, United States Army in the Fort Worth, Texas, area. Camp Taliaferro had an administration center near what is now the Will Rogers Memorial Cen ...

Late in 1917, while he was away, Irene appeared in a star-studded revue, ''

Miss 1917 ''Miss 1917'' is a musical revue with a book by Guy Bolton and P. G. Wodehouse, music by Victor Herbert, Jerome Kern and others, and lyrics by Harry B. Smith, Otto Harbach, Henry Blossom and others. Made up of a string of vignettes, the show fea ...

''. Although she was singled out for praise by reviewers, she was unhappy performing on stage alone: "I found myself hopelessly lost as a solo number. I had no training for dancing alone and I should never have tried it."Golden, p. 191 Though successful with critics, the revue failed to attract an audience; at least not enough of one to pay for the lavish production. Castle's specialty song was challenged on copyright grounds, and management cut it. In addition, her act in the show was scheduled for late in the evening, which conflicted with her early morning film work. As the show failed, she and others were let go by the producers. She later sued successfully, but by then the production company was bankrupt.Golden, p. 192 For the rest of 1917, she made well-received appearances on behalf of war charities. On 15 February 1918, over Benbrook Field, a training field near

Fort Worth, Texas Fort Worth is the List of cities in Texas by population, fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the List of United States cities by population, 13th-largest city in the United States. It is the county seat of Tarrant County, Texas, T ...

, Vernon took emergency action shortly after takeoff to avoid a collision with another aircraft. His plane stalled, and he was unable to recover control before the plane hit the ground. He died soon after the crash, aged 30. Vernon was the only casualty. According to the monument at the crash site, "Neither the other pilot, his student cadet, nor Vernon's pet monkey, Jeffrey, were seriously injured." Irene paid tribute to Vernon in her memoir ''My Husband'', 1919. There is a street in

Benbrook, Texas Benbrook is a town located in the southwestern corner of Tarrant County, Texas, and a suburb of Fort Worth. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population was 21,234, reflecting an increase of 1,026 from the 20,208 counted in the 2000 Cen ...

, named in his honor, with a monument dedicated to him. Vernon was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in

the Bronx The Bronx () is a borough of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the state of New York. It is south of Westchester County; north and east of the New York City borough of Manhattan, across the Harlem River; and north of the New ...

, New York. The grieving memorial figure kneeling on the grave was created by Irene's friend, the American sculptor Sally James Farnham.

Life without Vernon

Entrance sign for Destiny Farm, Arkansas

On 3 May 1919, Irene married Robert E. Treman, the scion of a prominent

Ithaca, New York Ithaca is a city in the Finger Lakes region of New York, United States. Situated on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, Ithaca is the seat of Tompkins County and the largest community in the Ithaca metropolitan statistical area. It is named ...

family. They resided in Ithaca's newly cut Cayuga Heights subdivision, north of

Cornell University Cornell University is a private statutory land-grant research university based in Ithaca, New York. It is a member of the Ivy League. Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White, Cornell was founded with the intention to tea ...

. Irene starred solo in about a dozen

silent film A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue). Though silent films convey narrative and emotion visually, various plot elements (such as a setting or era) or key lines of dialogue may, w ...

s between 1917 and 1924, including '' Patria'' (1917), and appeared in several more stage productions before retiring from show business. Treman reportedly invested Castle's money and lost it in the stock market. They divorced in 1923. She married two more times; the same year, she married Frederic McLaughlin (a man 16 years her elder), and two years after he died in 1944, she married George Enzinger (died 1959), an advertising executive from Chicago. During her marriage to "Major" McLaughlin, who was the founding owner of the

Chicago Blackhawks The Chicago Blackhawks (spelled Black Hawks until 1986, and known colloquially as the Hawks) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago. The Blackhawks compete in the National Hockey League (NHL) as a member of the Central Divisio ...

, she is credited with designing the original sweater for the Blackhawks Hockey Club. She had two children with McLaughlin, Barbara McLaughlin Kreutz (1925–2003), who was Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at

Bryn Mawr College Bryn Mawr College ( ; Welsh: ) is a women's liberal arts college in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Founded as a Quaker institution in 1885, Bryn Mawr is one of the Seven Sister colleges, a group of elite, historically women's colleges in the United ...

, and William Foote McLaughlin (1929–2012). Mostly retired from dancing after William's birth in 1929, Castle concentrated on animal rights activism. Around 1930, "the best-dressed woman in America" presented serialized, quarter-hour radio dramatizations of her European travels with her husband, bulldog Zowie, and Walter ("father's coloured servant") around the capitals of Europe in "The Life of Irene Castle". Only one episode (episode #4) is known to exist. In 1939, the Castles' lives were turned into a movie, ''

'', produced by RKO and starring

Fred Astaire Fred Astaire (born Frederick Austerlitz; May 10, 1899 – June 22, 1987) was an American dancer, choreographer, actor, and singer. He is often called the greatest dancer in Hollywood film history. Astaire's career in stage, film, and tele ...

and

Ginger Rogers Ginger Rogers (born Virginia Katherine McMath; July 16, 1911 – April 25, 1995) was an American actress, dancer and singer during the Classical Hollywood cinema, Golden Age of Hollywood. She won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her starri ...

Edna May Oliver Edna May Oliver (born Edna May Nutter, November 9, 1883 – November 9, 1942) was an American stage and film actress. During the 1930s, she was one of the better-known character actresses in American films, often playing tart-tongued spinsters. ...

played their agent, and

was his 33 years younger self. Irene Castle served as a

technical advisor In film production, a technical advisor is someone who advises the director on the convincing portrayal of a subject. The advisor's expertise adds realism both to the acting and to the setting of a movie. Nipo T. Strongheart was a noted technica ...

on the film, but clashed with Rogers, who refused to wear Castle's trademark short bob or darken her hair. She objected to Rogers' inauthentic wardrobe demands, although a number of Castle's original Lucile gowns were copied for the movie. Castle also protested the hiring of white actor

Walter Brennan Walter Andrew Brennan (July 25, 1894 – September 21, 1974) was an American actor and singer. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performances in '' Come and Get It'' (1936), ''Kentucky'' (1938), and '' The Westerner ...

to play their faithful friend and manservant Walter, who was black. For the rest of her life, Castle was a staunch

animal-rights Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the sam ...

activist, ultimately founding the Illinois animal shelter "

Orphans of the Storm ''Orphans of the Storm'' is a 1921 American silent drama film by D. W. Griffith set in late-18th-century France, before and during the French Revolution. The last Griffith film to feature both Lillian and Dorothy Gish, it was a commercial failu ...

", which is still active. In 1958, she appeared as a guest challenger on the TV panel show '' To Tell the Truth''. Castle and her fourth husband moved to Destiny Farm in

Eureka Springs, Arkansas Eureka Springs is a city in Carroll County, Arkansas, United States, and one of two county seats for the county. It is located in the Ozark Mountains of northwest Arkansas, near the border with Missouri. As of the 2020 census, the city populati ...

in 1954. Irene died at her Arkansas farm on 25 January 1969, aged 75. She was interred with Vernon at Woodlawn Cemetery in New York City."Vernon and Irene Castle Biography"
''Encyclopedia of World Biography, accessed 23 July 2015

Gallery

Associated dances

* Bunny hug *

Castle Walk Castle Walk is a dance originated and made famous by Vernon and Irene Castle. The Castle Walk became popular through its introduction into the Tango. "Castle Walk" is also a popular American song (1914) composed for Vernon and Irene Castle b ...

* Hesitation Waltz * Maxixe *

Tango Tango is a partner dance and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay. The tango was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries as the result of a combina ...

Filmography of Irene Castle

*'' Patria'' (1917) * '' Stranded in Arcady'' (1917) * '' The Mark of Cain'' (1917) * ''

Sylvia of the Secret Service ''Sylvia of the Secret Service'' is a 1917 American silent thriller film directed by George Fitzmaurice and starring Irene Castle, J.H. Gilmour and Elliott Dexter. Erich von Stroheim worked as assistant director and technical advisor as well as ...

'' (1917) * '' Vengeance Is Mine'' (1917) *''

Convict 993 ''Convict 993'' is a lost 1918 silent film directed by William Parke and starring Irene Castle. It was distributed by the Pathé Exchange Company. Cast * Irene Castle - Roslyn Ayre *Warner Oland - Dan Mallory *Helene Chadwick - Neva Stokes * Ha ...

'' (1918) *''

The Hillcrest Mystery ''The Hillcrest Mystery'' is a 1918 silent film directed by George Fitzmaurice and starring Irene Castle. It was distributed by Pathé Exchange in March 1918. Cast *Irene Castle - Marion Sterling * J. H. Gilmour - Thomas Sterling * Ralph Kellard - ...

'' (1918) *''The Mysterious Client'' (1918) *'' The First Law'' (1918) *''The Girl from Bohemia'' (1918) *''

The Common Cause ''The Common Cause'' is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed and produced by J. Stuart Blackton and distributed by Vitagraph Company of America. It is based on a play, ''Getting Together'', by Ian Hay, J. Hartley Manners, and Percival ...

'' (1919) *''

The Firing Line ''The Firing Line'' is a lost 1919 American silent drama film directed by Charles Maigne and starring Irene Castle. It was based on the 1908 novel by Robert W. Chambers and produced by Famous Players-Lasky. Paramount Pictures distributed the fi ...

'' (1919) *'' The Invisible Bond'' (1919) *'' The Amateur Wife'' (1920) *''The Broadway Bride'' (1921) *''

French Heels ''French Heels'' is a lost 1922 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Edwin L. Hollywood and starring Irene Castle. Based on short story "Knots and Windshakes" by Clarence Budington Kelland which appeared in ''Everybody's Magazine'', ...

'' (1922) *'' No Trespassing'' (1922) *''

Slim Shoulders ''Slim Shoulders'' is a lost 1922 silent film society drama directed by Alan Crosland and starring Irene Castle. Cast *Irene Castle - Naomi Warren *Rod La Rocque - Richard Langden *Anders Randolf - Edward Langden *Warren Cook - John Clinton War ...

'' (1922)

References

;Notes ;Sources *Golden, Eve
''Vernon and Irene Castle's Ragtime Revolution''
University Press of Kentucky, 2007, ;Further reading * Castle, Irene. ''Castles in the Air'', Doubleday, 1958 * Castle, Irene. ''My Husband'', Scribner, 1919 * Castle, Irene (as told to Ada Patterson). "How to Be Happily Married," ''

Photoplay ''Photoplay'' was one of the first American film (another name for ''photoplay'') fan magazines. It was founded in 1911 in Chicago, the same year that J. Stuart Blackton founded '' Motion Picture Story,'' a magazine also directed at fans. For mo ...

'', June 1921, p. 42. * Castle, Vernon and Irene Castle. ''Modern Dancing'', Harper & Brothers, 1914 * Hunt, C. W. ''Dancing in the Sky'', Dundurn Press, 2009

External links

* * * * * * *
Radio Nostalgia Network - "Radio Journeys"
Episode 17, including "The Life of Irene Castle"
U.S. Library of Congress; American Memory. Dance Instruction Manuals: ''Modern Dancing'' By Mr. and Mrs. Vernon Castle
* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Castle, Vernon and Irene American ballroom dancers British ballroom dancers Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York) Modern dancers Married couples People from Carroll County, Arkansas People from Eureka Springs, Arkansas Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France) Vaudeville performers