The Verman (russian: Верман, fi, Vermanjoki) is a river in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. For much of the Arctic Campaign of

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

stretches of it formed the front line, and much fighting occurred there.

Course and description

The river is located in the southwestern part of Murmansk Oblast. It is called the Lower, Middle, and Upper Verman respectively in its lower, middle and upper reaches. Its source is on the southern slopes of Mount Repotunturi, northeast of the village of Alakurtti. From there the river flows eastward and then, skirting Pogranichnuju Hill, it turns south and empties into the southwestern part of Lake Tolvand. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . It has a width of , a depth of up to , and a flow rate of . The river flows through a hilly terrain covered with forests of pine, fir, and (in the upper reaches) birch, with the trees up to tall. In some places the river flows through swamps more than deep. The height of the surrounding hills reaches in the upper reaches and at the mouth. The highest hills on the Lower Verman are Vojta (), Kruglaja (), Pogranichnaja (), Vojanvara (), and Repotunturi (). There are heavy rapids in places. Immediately before the mouth is a waterfall. There are several small unnamed islands in the river, and several relatively small tributaries, not shown on most maps.

Settlements and transportation

There are a few small settlements on the river. In several places there are rail lines and roads, including some all–weather roads. The Murman Railway crosses the Verman just above the mouth. From the late 1940s until 1971 a railway station was located east of the river. A small 8–ton capacity bridge is located at the mouth of the river, and just north of there the Alakurtti–

Kandalaksha Kandalaksha (russian: Кандала́кша; fi, Kantalahti, also ''Kandalax'' or ''Candalax'' in the old maps; krl, Kannanlakši; sms, Käddluhtt) is a town in Kandalakshsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located at the head of Kandala ...

highway crosses the river. At this point there is also a 40–ton capacity wooden bridge. Several all–weather roads cross the river upstream, at fords. On the slopes of Pogranichnaja there is a ruined bridge.

The river in World War II

In the northernmost sector of the

Continuation War The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1944, as part of World War II.; sv, fortsättningskriget; german: Fortsetzungskrieg. A ...

, the part of the river in the area around

defined the front line from September 17, 1941 until September 1944. On both banks of the river there are numerous ruins of military installations, fortifications, trenches, and fences left over from this war. On the left bank of the river near the highway bridge is a monument in the form of a black obelisk. The obelisk bears the inscription ''"Soviet soldiers – victors of the Verman Front"'' and displays the names of the dead and maps of military operations. A little east of the river on the road to Kandalaksha there is a

mass grave A mass grave is a grave containing multiple human corpses, which may or may not be identified prior to burial. The United Nations has defined a criminal mass grave as a burial site containing three or more victims of execution, although an exact ...

Gallery

;Remains of World War II bunkers on the Verman River line File:Verman 05 2009 - 2133.JPG, File:Verman 05 2009 -2136.JPG, File:Verman 05 2009 -2137.JPG,

External links

Topographic map

References

* * {{in lang, ru Rivers of Murmansk Oblast