Venerida (formerly Veneroida) is an

order Order, ORDER or Orders may refer to: * Categorization, the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated, and understood * Heterarchy, a system of organization wherein the elements have the potential to be ranked a number of d ...

of mostly saltwater but also some freshwater

bivalve Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bival ...

mollusc Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is esti ...

s. This order includes many familiar groups such as many clams that are valued for food and a number of

freshwater bivalves Freshwater bivalves are one kind of freshwater mollusc, along with freshwater snails. They are bivalves that live in fresh water as opposed to salt water, which is the main habitat type for bivalves. The majority of species of bivalve molluscs l ...

. Since the 2000s, the taxonomy currently represented in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) classifies several taxa contained in the former Veneroida into other orders, such as the new

Cardiida Cardiida is an order of bivalves belonging to the class Bivalvia. Families: * Cardiidae * Donacidae * Ephippiodontidae * Ferganoconchidae * Glaucomyidae * Goniocardiidae * Icanotiidae * Lahillidae * Limnocyrenidae * Lutetidae * Psammob ...

(for

Cardioidea Cardioidea is a taxonomic superfamily of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs consisting of the extant Cardiidae (cockles) and the extinct Pterocardiidae. Taxonomy These families are assigned to Cardioidea: *Family: Cardiidae Lamarck, ...

and

Tellinoidea Tellinoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Cardiida. Families These families are assigned to Tellinoidea: *Donacidae Fleming, 1828 *Psammobiidae Fleming, 1828 *Semelidae Stoliczka, 1870 (1825) ...

) and

Carditida Carditida is an order of marine bivalve clams. Superfamilies and families According to the World Register of Marine Species: * Family: † Archaeocardiidae *Superfamily: Carditoidea ** Family: Carditidae ** Family: Condylocardiidae *Superf ...

(cockles and their allies).

Description

Venerids are generally thick-valved, equal-valved and isomyarian (that is, their

adductor muscles The adductor muscles of the hip are a group of muscles mostly used for bringing the thighs together (called adduction). Structure The adductor group is made up of: *Adductor brevis *Adductor longus *Adductor magnus * Adductor minimus This is o ...

are of equal size). Three main hinge teeth are characteristic of the subclass Heterodonta, to which this order belongs. Many species are active rather than sessile. However, they tend to be

filter feeder Filter feeders are a sub-group of suspension feeding animals that feed by straining suspended matter and food particles from water, typically by passing the water over a specialized filtering structure. Some animals that use this method of feedin ...

s, feeding through paired

siphon A siphon (from grc, σίφων, síphōn, "pipe, tube", also spelled nonetymologically syphon) is any of a wide variety of devices that involve the flow of liquids through tubes. In a narrower sense, the word refers particularly to a tube in a ...

s, with a characteristic folded gill structure adapted to that way of life. In 2002,

Gonzalo Giribet Gonzalo Giribet is a Spanish-American invertebrate zoologist and Alexander Agassiz Professor of zoology working on systematics and biogeography at the Museum of Comparative Zoology in Harvard University. He is a past president of the Internatio ...

and

Ward Wheeler Ward may refer to: Division or unit * Hospital ward, a hospital division, floor, or room set aside for a particular class or group of patients, for example the psychiatric ward * Prison ward, a division of a penal institution such as a pri ...

suggested that the orders

Myoida Myida (formerly Myoida) is an order (biology), order of saltwater and freshwater clams, marine (ocean), marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs in the subclass Heterodonta. The order includes such bivalves as soft-shell clams, geoducks and shipwor ...

and Veneroida were not monophyletic. They have since been widely reorganised.

Orders and families

Order: Venerida *Superfamily: † Anthracosioidea ** Family: † Anthracosiidae ** Family: † Ferganoconchida ** Family: † Shaanxiconchidae *Superfamily: Arcticoidea ** Family:

Arcticidae The Arcticidae are a family of marine clams in the order Venerida. The only living species in the family is ''Arctica islandica''. There are also many fossil species classified in a number of genera Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank ...

** Family: † Pollicidae ** Family:

Trapezidae Trapezidae is a family of bivalves belonging to the superfamilt Arcticoidea of the order Venerida. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Trapezidae Lamy, 1920 (1895). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespeci ...

** Family: † Veniellidae * Superfamily: Chamoidea ** Family: Chamidae * Superfamily: Cyrenoidea ** Family:

Cyrenidae Cyrenidae is a family of clams in the order Venerida.Gofas, S. (2015). Cyrenidae Gray, 1847. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=238370 on 2015-08-2 ...

** Family: Cyrenoididae ** Family: Glauconomidae * Superfamily: Glossoidea ** Family:

Glossidae Glossidae is a family (biology), family of marine (ocean), saltwater bivalve, clams in the superfamily Glossoidea. Genera and species Genera and species within the family Glossidae include: *''Glossocardia (bivalve), Glossocardia'' Stoliczka, 18 ...

** Family:

Kelliellidae Kelliellidae is a family of bivalves belonging to the order Venerida. Genera: * ''Allopagus'' Stoliczka, 1871 * ''Alveinus'' Conrad, 1865 * ''Davidaschvilia'' Merklin, 1950 * ''Eocrassina'' Cossmann, 1913 * ''Kelliella'' Sars, 1870 * ''Pauliella ...

** Family: † Lutetiidae ** Family:

Vesicomyidae Vesicomyidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the superfamily Glossoidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Vesicomyidae Dall & Simpson, 1901. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.ma ...

* Superfamily: Hemidonacoidea ** Family:

Hemidonacidae ''Hemidonax'' is a genus of bivalve molluscs. It is the only genus in the family Hemidonacidae, which is the only family in the superfamily Hemidonacoidea in the order Venerida Venerida (formerly Veneroida) is an order of mostly saltwater but ...

*** Species: ''

Hemidonax pictus ''Hemidonax pictus'' is a species of bivalve in the family Hemidonacidae. Recommended literature * Ohn M. Healy, Paula M. Mikkelsen, Rüdiger Bieler fls (2008Sperm ultrastructure in ''Hemidonax pictus'' (Hemidonacidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca): com ...

'' and others * Superfamily: Mactroidea ** Family:

Anatinellidae Anatinellidae is a family of bivalves belonging to the order Venerida. Genera: * ''Anatina ''Anatina'' is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Mactridae Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, i ...

** Family:

Cardiliidae Cardiliidae is a family of bivalves belonging to the order Venerida Venerida (formerly Veneroida) is an order of mostly saltwater but also some freshwater bivalve molluscs. This order includes many familiar groups such as many clams that are v ...

** Family:

Mactridae Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida. Description These clams have two short siphons, each with a horny sheath. The shell is shaped like a rounded- ...

** Family: Mesodesmatidae *Superfamily: Galeommatoidea **Family:

Galeommatidae Galeommatidae is a family of small and very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Galeommatida. Genera and species Genera and species within the family Galeommatidae include: * '' Achasmea'' Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938 ...

**Family:

Kellidae Lasaeidae is a family of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Galeommatida. These bivalves are sometimes called "kelly clams", because one of the genera in this family is ''Kellia''. Genera and species Genera and ...

**Family:

Lasaeidae Lasaeidae is a family of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Galeommatida. These bivalves are sometimes called "kelly clams", because one of the genera in this family is ''Kellia''. Genera and species Genera and s ...

**Family:

Leptonidae Lasaeidae is a family of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Galeommatida. These bivalves are sometimes called "kelly clams", because one of the genera in this family is ''Kellia''. Genera and species Genera and ...

**Family:

Montacutidae Lasaeidae is a family of very small saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the order Galeommatida. These bivalves are sometimes called "kelly clams", because one of the genera in this family is ''Kellia''. Genera and species Genera and ...

*Superfamily: † Palaeanodontoidea ** Family: † Palaeanodontidae * Superfamily: † Prilukielloidea ** Family: † Prilukiellidae ** Family: † Senderzoniellidae * Superfamily: Ungulinoidea ** Family:

Ungulinidae Ungulinidae is a family of marine bivalve molluscs in the order Venerida Venerida (formerly Veneroida) is an order of mostly saltwater but also some freshwater bivalve molluscs. This order includes many familiar groups such as many clams that ...

*Superfamily: Veneroidea ** Family: † Isocyprinidae ** Family:

Neoleptonidae Neoleptonidae is a family of marine bivalve clams of the order Venerida. Genera in the family Neoleptonidae * '' Arculus'' Monterosato, 1909 * ''Bernardina'' Dall, 1910 * '' Epilepton'' Dall, 1899 * '' Halodakra'' Olsson, 1961 * '' Neolepton ...

** Family: Veneridae

References

External links

Veneroida Taxonomy at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)
{{Taxonbar, from=Q25385804, from2=Q132678 Bivalve orders