1187_Kingdom_Of_Jerusalem_based_on_1889_map

The

Crusader state The Crusader States, also known as Outremer, were four Catholic realms in the Middle East that lasted from 1098 to 1291. These feudal polities were created by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade through conquest and political in ...

of the

Kingdom of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem ( la, Regnum Hierosolymitanum; fro, Roiaume de Jherusalem), officially known as the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem or the Frankish Kingdom of Palestine,Example (title of works): was a Crusader state that was establish ...

, created in 1099, was divided into a number of smaller seigneuries. According to the 13th-century jurist John of Ibelin, the four highest crown vassals (referred to as barons) in the kingdom proper were the

count of Jaffa and Ascalon The double County of Jaffa and Ascalon was one of the four major seigneuries comprising the major Crusader state of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin. History Jaffa was fortified by Godfrey of Bouill ...

, the

prince of Galilee The principality of Galilee was one of the four major seigneuries of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin, grandson of Balian. The direct holdings of the principality centred around Tiberias, i ...

, the

lord of Sidon The Lordship of Sidon (french: Saete/Sagette), (Later County of Sidon) was one of the Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, four major fiefdoms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem,According to the 13th-century writer John of Ibelin (jurist), John of Ibelin ...

, and the lord of Oultrejordain. There were also a number of independent seigneuries, and some land held under direct royal control, such as

Jerusalem Jerusalem (; he, יְרוּשָׁלַיִם ; ar, القُدس ) (combining the Biblical and common usage Arabic names); grc, Ἱερουσαλήμ/Ἰεροσόλυμα, Hierousalḗm/Hierosóluma; hy, Երուսաղեմ, Erusałēm. i ...

itself, Acre and Tyre.

Northern states

Aside from the Kingdom of Jerusalem, there were also three other major Crusader states in the Near East: *

County of Edessa The County of Edessa (Latin: ''Comitatus Edessanus'') was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century. Ferdinandi, Sergio (2017). La Contea Franca di Edessa. Fondazione e Profilo Storico del Primo Principato Crociato nel Levante (1098-115 ...

County of Tripoli The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was the last of the Crusader states. It was founded in the Levant in the modern-day region of Tripoli, northern Lebanon and parts of western Syria which supported an indigenous population of Christians, ...

Principality of Antioch The Principality of Antioch was one of the crusader states created during the First Crusade which included parts of modern-day Turkey and Syria. The principality was much smaller than the County of Edessa or the Kingdom of Jerusalem. It exte ...

These states nominally bore some dependency on the kingdom of Jerusalem. The king of Jerusalem was bound to reconcile them in case of disputes, or between a vassal prince and the

Latin patriarch of Antioch Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ� ...

, and could claim the regency in case of a vacancy or minority in their successions. Edessa was perhaps the most closely tied to the kingdom, despite its distance. Its first two counts became kings of Jerusalem, and the county was bestowed as a royal gift on

Joscelin I of Edessa Joscelin of Courtenay (or Joscelin I) (died 1131), Prince of Galilee and Lord of Turbessel (1115–1131) and Count of Edessa (1119–1131), ruled over the County of Edessa during its zenith, from 1118 to 1131. Captured twice, Joscelin continu ...

. The County of Tripoli, the nearest of them, is sometimes considered to have been a vassal lordship under the king's suzerainty, although it preserved an extraordinary degree of sovereignty. Antioch was almost independent, for it was founded already before the kingship and its first holder was a rival of kings, the original leader of the crusade. Later in its history, it would at times recognize Byzantine or Armenian suzerainty, or none at all. These states dated their documents by the reigns of their own rulers, carried out their own foreign policy, and sent military aid to the kingdom of their own will, rather than through feudal obligation; therefore, they are generally recognized as sovereign and are treated more fully under their own articles.

County of Jaffa and Ascalon

Jaffa, on the Mediterranean coast, was fortified after the First Crusade, and was a separate county until the revolt of Hugh II of Le Puiset in 1134. Afterwards, it was usually held directly by the royal family or one of their relatives. After 1153, it became the double County of Jaffa and Ascalon, when the

Fatimid The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shi'a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries AD. Spanning a large area of North Africa, it ranged from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Red Sea in the east. The Fatimids, a dyna ...

fortress of Ascalon was conquered. It passed in and out of direct royal control, and became titular after the loss of the counties to the Muslims in the 13th-century . A number of seigneuries were vassals to the count of Jaffa, including the Lordship of Ramla, Lordship of Ibelin and Lordship of Mirabel.

Counts of Jaffa

Jaffa was taken by the Crusaders in June 1099 during the siege of Jerusalem and became part of the kingdom shortly thereafter. The counts of Jaffa were: *''Royal domain'', 1100–1110 *

Hugh I of Jaffa Hugh I (died between 1112 and 1118) was the Lord of Le Puiset (as Hugh II) from 1097 and Count of Jaffa from 1106. He was the son of Hugh I of Le Puiset and Alice of Montlhéry.''The Lords of Le Puiset on the Crusades'', John L. La Monte, ''Specu ...

, first cousin of king

Baldwin II of Jerusalem Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Bourcq or Bourg (; – 21August 1131), was Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death. He accompanied his cousins Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin of Boulogne to th ...

, 1110–1118 * Albert of Namur, stepfather and regent to Hugh II, 1118–1122 *

Hugh II of Jaffa Hugh II ( 1106 – 1134), also called Hugh du Puiset, was a Crusader and the Count of Jaffa. He revolted against King Fulk of Jerusalem in 1134. Arrival in the kingdom Hugh was the son of Hugh I of Jaffa and his wife Mamilia (or Mabilla). Accor ...

, son of Hugh I, 1122–1134 * Melisende of Jerusalem, 1134–1151, with her husband Fulk (1131–1143) and her son Baldwin III (1143–1151) *

Amalric I of Jerusalem Amalric or Amaury I ( la, Amalricus; french: Amaury; 113611 July 1174) was King of Jerusalem from 1163, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon before his accession. He was the second son of Melisende and Fulk of Jerusalem, and succeeded his older brot ...

, son of Melisende and Fulk, 1151–1153 (when he reached the age of maturity). Jaffa merged with newly-conquered Ascalon in 1153, becoming the County of Jaffa and Ascalon.

Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon

After the

siege of Ascalon The siege of Ascalon took place in 1153, resulting in the capture of that Egyptian fortress by the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Background Ascalon was Fatimid Egypt's greatest and most important frontier fortress. The Battle of Ascalon was fought out ...

in 1153, the frontier fortress of Ascalon joined Jaffa in a combined county. The counts of Jaffa and Ascalon were: *

, 1153–1174 (as king from 1163) * Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, 1174–1176 *

Sibylla of Jerusalem Sibylla ( fro, Sibyl; 1159 – 25 July 1190) was Queen of Jerusalem from 1186 to 1190. She reigned alongside her husband Guy of Lusignan, to whom she was unwaveringly attached despite his unpopularity among the barons of the Kingdom of Jerus ...

, 1176–1187, with her husbands William of Montferrat (1176–1177) and

Guy of Lusignan Guy of Lusignan (c. 1150 – 18 July 1194) was a French Poitevin knight, son of Hugh VIII of Lusignan and as such born of the House of Lusignan. He was king of Jerusalem from 1186 to 1192 by right of marriage to Sibylla of Jerusalem, and King ...

(1180–1187) *''Jaffa and Ascalon occupied by

Ayyubids The Ayyubid dynasty ( ar, الأيوبيون '; ) was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt. A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish origin, Saladin ...

'', 1187–1191 *

Geoffrey of Lusignan Geoffrey of Lusignan (before 1150 – May 1216) was the Lord of Vouvant and Soubise, and Count of Jaffa and Ascalon. He was also Lord of Mervent and Moncontour by his wife's rights. Early life Geoffrey belonged to the House of Lusignan. His fa ...

(1191–1193), brother of Guy of Lusignan * Amalric II of Jerusalem, brother of Guy of Lusignan, 1193–1197 * Amalric II of Jerusalem, as king, with his wife

Isabella I Isabella I ( es, Isabel I; 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504), also called Isabella the Catholic (Spanish: ''la Católica''), was Queen of Castile from 1474 until her death in 1504, as well as Queen consort of Aragon from 1479 until 1504 by ...

, 1197–1205 *

Maria of Montferrat Maria of Montferrat (1192–1212) was the queen of Jerusalem from 1205 until her death. Her parents were Isabella I and her second husband, Conrad of Montferrat. Maria succeeded her mother under the regency of her half-uncle John of Ibelin. After ...

, 1205–1212, with her husband

John of Brienne John of Brienne ( 1170 – 19–23 March 1237), also known as John I, was King of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1225 and Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1229 to 1237. He was the youngest son of Erard II of Brienne, a wealthy nobleman in Champag ...

(1210–1212) * Isabella II of Jerusalem, under regency of her father John of Brienne, 1212–1221 *

Walter IV of Brienne Walter IV (french: Gauthier (1205–1246) was the count of Brienne from 1205 to 1246. Life Walter was the son of Walter III of Brienne and Elvira of Sicily. Around the time of his birth, his father lost his bid for the Sicilian throne and died i ...

(1221–1244), nephew of John of Brienne and husband of Amalric II's granddaughter, 1221–1244 * John of Ibelin, son of Philip of Ibelin, Isabella I's half-brother, 1244–1266 *''Ascalon occupied by Ayyubids'', 1247 * James of Ibelin, son of John, 1266–1268 *''Jaffa occupied by Mamluks'', 1268.

Lordship of Ramla

Originally held by the bishop of Ramla-Lydda, in 1126

Ramla Ramla or Ramle ( he, רַמְלָה, ''Ramlā''; ar, الرملة, ''ar-Ramleh'') is a city in the Central District of Israel. Today, Ramle is one of Israel's mixed cities, with both a significant Jewish and Arab populations. The city was f ...

became part of Jaffa, and a separate lordship was created after Hugh II's revolt in 1134. The castle of Ibelin happened to be located quite near Ramla. It was later a part of the Lordship of Ibelin, inherited from Helvis of Ramla, daughter of Baldwin I of Ramla and wife of

Barisan of Ibelin Barisan of Ibelin (french: Barisan d'Ibelin; died 1150) was an important figure in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, and was the founder of the Ibelin family. His name was later written as "Balian" and he is sometimes known as Balian the Elder, B ...

. The Lords of Ramla were: * Baldwin I of Ramla, 1134–1138 *

, 1138–1150 *

Manasses of Hierges Manasses of Hierges was an important crusader and constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was lord of Ramla from 1150 to 1152. Biography Early years He was the son of Hodierna of Rethel and Héribrand II of Hierges; Hodierna was daughter ...

, 1150–1152) *

Hugh of Ibelin Hugh of Ibelin (c. 1132 – 1169/1171) was an important noble in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and was Lord of Ramla from 1152-1169. Hugh was the eldest son of Barisan of Ibelin and Helvis of Ramla. He was old enough to witness charters in 1148, ...

, son of Barisan of Ibelin, 1152–1169 *

Baldwin of Ibelin Baldwin of Ibelin, also known as Baldwin II of Ramla (French: ''Baudouin d'Ibelin'', early 1130s – c. 1187 or 1186/1188), was an important noble of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in the 12th century and was lord of Ramla from 1169-1186. He was t ...

, brother of Hugh of Ibelin, 1169–1186 * Thomas of Ibelin, son of Baldwin of Ibelin, 1186–1187 *''Ramla occupied by

, 1187–1191'' *

Balian of Ibelin Balian or Balyan may refer to: People * Balian of Ibelin (disambiguation), a name shared by several members of the Ibelin family from the crusader kingdoms of Jerusalem and Cyprus * Balian Buschbaum (born 1980), German pole vaulter * Roger Balian, ...

, brother of Baldwin of Ibelin, 1191–1193 * John of Ibelin, son of Balian, 1193–1247 *''Lordship held by Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon after 1247''.

Lordship of Ibelin

The Lordship of Ibelin was also created out of Jaffa (in the 1140s, or perhaps as early as 1134 after Hugh II's revolt). The lordship was given as a reward to Barisan of Ibelin, whose wife Helvis of Ramla already owned lands in the vicinity. The castle of

, the family's other inheritance, was nearby, and together these territories formed a wealthy entity.

married Maria Comnena, widow of

, and the Ibelins became the most powerful noble family of the kingdom, later ruling also over

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

(see Lordship of Beirut, below). The lords of Ibelin were: *

, c. 1134–1150 *

, son of Barisan of Ibelin, 1150–1170 *

, son of Barisan of Ibelin, 1170–1193 * John of Ibelin, son of Balian, 1193–1236 *''Lordship held by Counts of Jaffa and Ascalon after 1236.''

Lordship of Mirabel

Mirabel was separated from Jaffa after the revolt in 1134, and given to

in 1166, although it was separate from Ibelin. He was succeeded by his son Thomas of Ibelin, ruling from 1186–1188.

Principality of Galilee

The Principality of Galilee was established by Tancred in 1099 and was centered around

Tiberias Tiberias ( ; he, טְבֶרְיָה, ; ar, طبريا, Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. A major Jewish center during Late Antiquity, it has been considered since the 16th century one of Judaism's F ...

in Galilee proper, and was sometimes called the Principality of Tiberias or the Tiberiad. The principality became the fief of the families of Saint Omer, Montfaucon (Falcomberques), and then Bures. The principality was destroyed by

Saladin Yusuf ibn Ayyub ibn Shadi () ( – 4 March 1193), commonly known by the epithet Saladin,, ; ku, سه‌لاحه‌دین, ; was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Hailing from an ethnic Kurdish family, he was the first of both Egypt and ...

in 1187, although the title was used by relatives and younger sons of the

kings of Cyprus The Kingdom of Cyprus (french: Royaume de Chypre, la, Regnum Cypri) was a state that existed between 1192 and 1489. It was ruled by the French House of Lusignan. It comprised not only the island of Cyprus, but it also had a foothold on the Anat ...

(the titular kings of Jerusalem) afterwards. The principality had its own vassals, the Lordships of

, Nazareth and

Haifa Haifa ( he, חֵיפָה ' ; ar, حَيْفَا ') is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in . The city of Haifa forms part of the Haifa metropolitan area, the third-most populous metropol ...

, which often had their own sub-vassals.

Princes of Galilee

The princes of Galilee were: * Tancred, 1099–1101 *

Hugh of Fauquembergues Hugh of Fauquembergues, also known as Hugh of St Omer, Hugh of Falkenberg, or Hugh of Falchenberg ( la, Hugo de Falchenberch; died in 1105 or 1106) was Prince of Galilee from 1101 to his death. He was Lord of Fauquembergues before joining the ...

, 1101–1106 * Gervaise de Bazoches, 1106–1108 * Tancred, second reign, 1109–1112 *

(as Lord of Courtenay), 1112–1119 *

William I of Bures William of Bures (died before the spring of 1144, or around 1157) was Prince of Galilee from 1119 or 1120 to his death. He was descended from a French noble family which held estates near Paris. William and his brother, Godfrey, were listed among ...

, 1120–1141 *

Elinand Elinand, also known as Elinard, was prince of Galilee from 1143 or 1144 to around 1149. His parentage is unknown. He succeeded William I of Bures who either had died, or been forced into exile. Elinand was one of the main supporters of Melisende ...

, 1142–1148 *

William II of Bures William II of Bures (died 1158) was a Crusader lord of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was Prince of Galilee from 1148 to his death as successor of his brother Elinand. In late 1157, William was sent with Humphrey of Toron and Joscelin Pisellus, a ...

, brother of Elinand, 1148–1158 * Eschiva of Bures, 1159–1187, with Gautier of Saint Omer (1159–1171) and

Raymond III of Tripoli Raymond III (1140 – September/October 1187) was count of Tripoli from 1152 to 1187. He was a minor when Assassins murdered his father, Raymond II of Tripoli. Baldwin III of Jerusalem, who was staying in Tripoli, made Raymond's mother, Hodierna ...

(1174–1187) * ''Galilee occupied by

,'' 1187–1240 * Eschiva of Saint Omer, granddaughter of William II, 1240–1247, with Odo of Montbéliard (1240–1247) * ''Galilee taken by Ayyubids,'' 1247. The sons of William I I of Bures were titular princes of Galilee after the death of Eschiva of Bures in 1187: Hugh II of Saint Omer from 1187–1204 and Raoul of Saint Omer from 1204–1219. Eschiva of Saint Omer was daughter of Raoul of Saint Omer, and she was titular Princess of Galilee from 1219–1240 and 1247 until after 1265. He husband was titular Prince of Galilee from 1219–1240.

Lordship of Beirut

Beirut was captured in 1110 and given to

Fulk of Guînes Fulk of Guînes () (died bef. 1125) was the first Lordship of Beirut, Lord of Beirut (1110–''c''.1117) following its conquest in the wake of the First Crusade. He was from Guînes in the Boulonnais (land area), Boulonnais, the second son of Count ...

. It was one of the longest-lived seigneuries, surviving until the final collapse of the kingdom in 1291, although only as a tiny strip on the Mediterranean coast surrounding Beirut. It was important for trade with Europe, and had its own vassals within the Principality of Galilee. The lords of Beirut were : *

, 1110–1117 **''Royal domain'' 1117–1125 *

Walter I Brisebarre Walter may refer to: People * Walter (name), both a surname and a given name * Little Walter, American blues harmonica player Marion Walter Jacobs (1930–1968) * Gunther (wrestler), Austrian professional wrestler and trainer Walter Hahn (born 19 ...

, 1125–1138 *

Guy I Brisebarre Guy I Brisebarre (died after 1148) was Lord of Beirut in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. In 1127, King Baldwin II of Jerusalem sent him to France, together with the Templar Masters Hugh of Payns and William I of Bures, to find a husband for the heir ...

, 1138–1149 * Walter II Brisebarre, 1149–1156 * Guy II Brisebarre, 1156–1164 * Walter III Brisebarre, 1164–1166 **''Royal domain'' 1166–? *''Beirut occupied by

,'' 1187–1198 * John I of Ibelin, 1204–1236 *

, 1236–1247 * John II of Ibelin, 1247–1264 * Isabella of Ibelin, 1264–1282, with her husbands and regent: **

Hugh II of Cyprus Hugh II of Cyprus (or Hugues II de Lusignan) (June–August, 1252 or 1253 – November or December 5, 1267) was king of Cyprus and, from the age of 5 years, also Regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Biography On January 18, 1253, at the age of tw ...

, 1265–1267 **

Haymo Létrange Hamo le Strange, Heimon Lestrange, Hamo L'Estrange or Hamo Extraneus (died late in 1272 or early 1273) was an English Crusader. His surname means ''the Foreigner''. By marriage to Isabella of Beirut he was Lord of Beirut in the Kingdom of Jerusalem ...

, 1272–1273 ** Alice de la Roche, as regent to her daughter Isabella, 1274–1277 ** Nicholas Aleman, 1277 ** William Barlais, 1278–1282 * Eschive d'Ibelin, 1282–1291, with her husbands: **

Humphrey of Montfort Humphrey of Montfort (died 12 February 1284) was a nobleman of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Humphrey was the second son of Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre by his second wife Maria of Antioch-Armenia, Lady of Toron. On 1 October 1274, Humphrey ma ...

, 1282–1284 ** Guy of Cyprus, 1291 *''Beirut taken by Mamluks,'' 1291. The sub-vassals of Beirut were the Lordship of Banias and the Lordship of Toron.

Lordship of Banias

Banias Banias or Banyas ( ar, بانياس الحولة; he, בניאס, label=Modern Hebrew; Judeo-Aramaic, Medieval Hebrew: פמייס, etc.; grc, Πανεάς) is a site in the Golan Heights near a natural spring, once associated with the Greek g ...

(

Caesarea Philippi Banias or Banyas ( ar, بانياس الحولة; he, בניאס, label=Modern Hebrew; Judeo-Aramaic, Medieval Hebrew: פמייס, etc.; grc, Πανεάς) is a site in the Golan Heights near a natural spring, once associated with the Greek g ...

) was under the control of the Assassins from 1126–1129, when it was given to the Franks following the purge of the sect in Damascus by

Taj al-Muluk Buri Taj al-Muluk Buri ( ar, تاج الملوك بوري; died 6 June 1132) was an atabeg of Damascus from 1128 to 1132. He was initially an officer in the army of Duqaq, the Seljuk ruler of Damascus, together with his father Toghtekin. When the la ...

. The area was in dispute from 1132–1140 when Banias was merged with

Toron Toron, now Tibnin or Tebnine in southern Lebanon, was a major Crusader castle, built in the Lebanon mountains on the road from Tyre to Damascus. The castle was the centre of the Lordship of Toron, a seigneury within the Kingdom of Jerusalem ...

under

Humphrey II of Toron Humphrey II of Toron (1117 – 22 April 1179) was lord of Toron and constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was the son of Humphrey I of Toron. Humphrey had become lord of Toron sometime before 1140 when he married the daughter of Renier Brus ...

. It fell to Nur ad-Din in 1164, and when recovered it became part of the Lordship of Joscelin III of Edessa (see below).

Lordship of Toron

The castle of

was built by

to help capture Tyre, and was given to

Humphrey I of Toron Humphrey I of Toron (Onfroy de Toron), a Norman, appears initially in 1115 as a vassal of Joscelin I of Edessa, prince of Galilee. The castle at Toron was built in the years after 1105, and so Humphrey most likely was its lord from that date, h ...

in 1107. The lords of Toron tended to be very influential in the kingdom. Humphrey II was

constable of Jerusalem A constable is a person holding a particular office, most commonly in criminal law enforcement. The office of constable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions. A constable is commonly the rank of an officer within the police. Other peop ...

. This grandson Humphrey IV was married to

Isabella Isabella may refer to: People and fictional characters * Isabella (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters * Isabella (surname), including a list of people Places United States * Isabella, Alabama, an unincorpor ...

, Amalric I's daughter. Toron was later merged with the royal domain of Tyre. Toron had two vassals of its own, the Lordship of Castel Neuf, which fell to Nur ad-Din in 1167, and the Lordship of Toron-Ahmud, which was sold to the

Teutonic Knights The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly known as the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious institution founded as a military society in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. It was formed to aid Christians o ...

in 1261. The lords of Toron were: *

, before 1109–after 1136 *

, son of Humphrey I, before 1137–1179 *

Humphrey IV of Toron Humphrey IV of Toron ( 1166 – 1198) was a leading baron in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He inherited the Lordship of Toron from his grandfather, Humphrey II, in 1179. He was also heir to the Lordship of Oultrejourdan through his mother, Steph ...

, grandson of Humphrey II, 1179–1183 * ''Royal domain,'' 1183–1187 * ''Toron occupied by

,'' 1187–1229 *

Alice of Armenia Alice of Armenia (1182 – after 1234) was ruling Lady of Toron from 1229 to 1236 as the eldest daughter of Ruben III, Prince of Armenia and his wife Isabella of Toron. She was heiress of Toron as well as a claimant to the throne of Armenia. S ...

, granddaughter of Humphrey II, 1229–after 1236 *

Maria of Antioch-Armenia Maria of Antioch-Armenia (1215–1257) was lady of Toron from 1229 to her death. She was the elder daughter of Raymond-Roupen, prince of Antioch, and of Helvis of Lusignan. She derived her title of Lady of Toron and claim to the throne of Armen ...

, granddaughter of Alice, after 1236–1239 * ''Toron occupied by Ayyubids,'' 1239–1241 * ''Toron merged with Lordship of Tyre'', 1241.

Lordship of Nazareth

Nazareth was the original site of the Latin patriarch, established by Tancred. It was created as a seigneury in Galilee in 1115. The archbishop of Nazareth also ruled over

Lordship of Haifa

was partly an ecclesiastical domain ruled by the archbishop of Nazareth, and partly created from other lands in the Principality of Galilee. The lords of Haifa were: * Geldemar Carpenel, 1100–1101 * Tancred, 1101–1103 * Rorgius, 1103–1107 * Pagan, 1107–1112 *''Royal domain,'' 1112–1187 *''Haifa occupied by

,'' 1187–1191 * Vivian, c. 1140s * Pagan, 1190–? * Rorgius II, ?–1244? * Garsias Alvarez, c. 1250 * Gilles d'Estrain, c. 1260 *''Haifa taken by Mamluks,'' 1265.

Lordship of Sidon

The cities of

Sidon Sidon ( ; he, צִידוֹן, ''Ṣīḏōn'') known locally as Sayda or Saida ( ar, صيدا ''Ṣaydā''), is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate, of which it is the capital, on the Mediterranean coast. ...

(Saete/Sagette) and Caesarea Maritima (Caesarea) were captured by the Crusaders between 1101 and 1110. A noblemen Eustace I Grenier, a trussed advisor of

Baldwin I of Jerusalem Baldwin I, also known as Baldwin of Boulogne (1060s – 2April 1118), was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100, and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118. He was the youngest son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lor ...

, was granted the lordship of both cities. He founded a dynasty that ruled until the 1260s when they were lost to the conquering

Mongols The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal membe ...

and Mamluks.

Lords of Sidon

Sidon became part of the Kingdom of Jerusalem following the siege of Sidon in 1110. The lords of Sidon were: * Eustace I Grenier, 1110–1123 * Gerard Grenier, son of Eustace I, 1123–1171 * Renaud Grenier, son of Gerard, 1171–1187 * ''Occupied by

,'' 1187–1197 * Renaud Grenier, lordship restored, 1197–1202 * Balian I Grenier, son of Renaud, 1202–1239 *

Julian Grenier Julian Grenier (died 1275) was the Count of Sidon from 1239 to 1260, then becoming merely titular. He was the son and successor of Balian Grenier and Ida of Reynel. He did not exhibit the wisdom of his father in his dealings with the Saracens. ...

, son of Balian I, 1239–1260 * ''Sidon destroyed by

in 1249 and

in 1260'' * ''Sidon sold to the Knights Templar,'' 1260.

Lordship of Caesarea

Caesarea was captured in 1101 and given to the

archbishop of Caesarea The archiepiscopal see of Caesarea in Palaestina, also known as Caesarea Maritima, is now a metropolitan see of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem and also a titular see of the Catholic Church. It was one of the earliest Christian bish ...

. The lords of Caearea were : * Eustace I Grenier, 1110–1123 * Walter I Grenier, son of Eustace I, 1123–1154 *

Hugh Grenier Hugh Grenier (bef. 1139 – 1168/74) was the Lord of Caesarea from 1149/54 until his death. He was the younger son of Walter I Grenier and his wife, Julianne. His older brother, Eustace (II), was prevented by leprosy from inheriting the lordship ...

, son of Walter I, 1154–1169 * Guy Grenier, son of Hugh, fl. 1170s * Walter II Grenier, brother of Guy, c. 1180s–1189/1191 *''Caesarea occupied by

,'' 1187–1191 * Juliana Grenier, sister of Walter II, 1189/1193–1213/1216, with husbands: **Guy Brisebarre (possible lord), after 1183 ** Aymar de Lairon, 1189/1193–1213/1216 * Walter III, son of Juliana and Guy Brisebarre, 1213/1216–1229 *

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ...

, son of Walter III, 1229–1238/1241 * Margaret, daughter of John, 1238/1241–1255/1265 with her husband: **

John Aleman John Aleman (died after 1264) was the Lord of Caesarea (as John II) in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, exercising this right through his wife, Margaret, from at least 1243 until his death. He was the son of Garnier l'Aleman and Pavie de Gibelet, and the ...

, 1238/1243–1264/1265 * Nicholas Aleman, son of John Aleman (possible lord or titular lord), d. 1277 *''Caesarea taken by Mamluks,'' 1265 *''John of Nevilles,'' 1384–? *''John Gorap?''

Lordship of the Schuf

The Schuf was created out of the Lordship of Sidon as a sub-vassal around 1170. It was centred on the Cave of Tyron. Julian of Sidon sold it to the

in 1256.

Lordship of Oultrejordain

The Lordship of Oultrejordain, consisting of land with an undefined boundary to the east of the Jordan River, was one of the largest and most important seigneuries. It was an important source of revenue, from the Muslim caravan routes that existed there. The last lord,

Raynald of Châtillon Raynald of Châtillon (french: Renaud; 11254 July 1187), also known as Reynald or Reginald, was a Crusader knight of French origin but also Prince of Antioch from 1153 to 1160 or 1161, and Lord of Oultrejordain from 1175 until his death. He w ...

, received Oultrejordain by marrying its heiress, Stephanie of Milly. Raynald considered himself prince of Oultrejordain, not subject to the king, and was especially hostile to the Muslims. He was largely responsible for

's invasion of the kingdom in 1187. Saladin conquered much of the area in 1187 and personally executed Raynald at the Battle of Hattin. The lords of Oultrejordain were: * Roman of Le Puy, possibly 1118–1126 *

Pagan the Butler Pagan the Butler ( la, Paganus Pincerna; died around 1149) was lord of Oultrejordain in the Kingdom of Jerusalem from around 1126. He was first mentioned as the butler of Baldwin II of Jerusalem in 1120. He ordered the erection of Kerak Castle whi ...

, 1126–1147 * Maurice of Montreal, nephew of Pagan, 1147–1161 *

Philip of Milly Philip of Milly, also known as Philip of Nablus ( la, Philippus Neapolitanus; c. 1120 – April 3, 1171), was a baron in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Templar. He briefly employed the troubadour Peire Bremo ...

, with his wife Isabella, daughter of Maurice, 1161–1168 * Stephanie de Milly, daughter and heiress, whose husbands exercised the powers of the lordship: **

Humphrey III of Toron The third in the line of succession for the lordship of Tebnine. He was son of Humphrey II of Toron. Little is known about him as his rule lasted for a short while and the lordship went to his son Humphrey IV of Toron. Under Humphrey III, Toron is ...

, 1168–1173 **

Miles of Plancy The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English ...

, 1173–1174 **

, 1176–1187 * ''Oultrejordain lost to

,'' 1187.

Other seigneuries

(''Titular lords/princes are italicized'')

Lordship of Adelon

The Lordship of Adelon seems to have been created after the center of the kingdom was moved to Acre, and held some influence under Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. *Adam *Agnes, c. 1200 ** Thierry de Termonde (died 1206) * Daniel of Terremonde (died after 1225) *Daniel II of Terremonde *Peter, c. 1250 *Jordan

Lordship of Arsuf

Arsuf, located north of Jaffa, (called Arsur by the Crusaders) was captured in 1101 but remained a royal domain until around 1163 when John of Arsuf became lord. The lords of Arsuf were: *''Royal domain'', 1101–1163 *John of Arsuf, 1163–1177 *''Arsuf occupied by

'', 1187–1191 *

Melisende of Arsuf Melisende (born before 1177 – died after 1215) was the hereditary Lady of Arsuf from 1177 and the second wife of the powerful nobleman John, Old Lord of Beirut. Life She was born sometime before 1177, the eldest daughter of Guy, Lord of Ars ...

, sister of John of Arsuf, 1177– at least 1218, with Thierry of Orguenes (c. 1190s) * John of Ibelin, husband of Melisende, before 1209–1236 *

John of Arsuf John of Ibelin (c. 1211–1258), commonly called John of Arsuf, was the lord of Arsuf from 1236 and Constable of Jerusalem from 1251. He was a younger son of John I of Beirut. His elder brother, Balian, inherited Beirut. He served as regent ...

, son of Melisende of Arsuf and John of Ibelin, 1236–1258 *

, 1258–1261 *''Arsuf sold to

Knights Hospitaller The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem ( la, Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller (), was a medieval and early modern Catholic military order. It was headq ...

,'' 1261 *''Arsuf taken by Mamluks'', 1265 *''Balian of Ibelin, titular'' 1261–1277 *''John of Ibelin, son of Balian,'' 1277–1309 *''Balian of Ibelin,'' ''son of John'', 1309–1333 *''Philip of Ibelin, son of Balian,'' 1333–1373.

Lordship of Bethlehem

*''Balian II of Ibelin'' (died before April 19, 1316), also titular

Prince of Galilee The principality of Galilee was one of the four major seigneuries of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin, grandson of Balian. The direct holdings of the principality centred around Tiberias, i ...

Lordship of Bethsan

Bethsan was occupied by Tancred in 1099; it was never part of Galilee, despite its location, but became a royal domain in 1101, probably until around 1120. It occasionally passed back under royal control until new lords were created. *Adam of Bethune *Adam II, son of Adam *John, – after 1129 *Guermond, son of Adam II, – after 1174 *Hugh of Gibelet *Walter *Adam III *Guermond II, c. 1210 *Baldwin *Walter, c. 1310? *Thibaut

Lordship of Blanchegarde

Blanchegarde Tell es-Safi ( ar, تل الصافي, Tall aṣ-Ṣāfī, "White hill"; he, תל צפית, ''Tel Tzafit'') was an Arab Palestinian village, located on the southern banks of Wadi 'Ajjur, northwest of Hebron which had its Arab population expelled ...

(modern

Tell es-Safi Tell es-Safi ( ar, تل الصافي, Tall aṣ-Ṣāfī, "White hill"; he, תל צפית, ''Tel Tzafit'') was an Arab Palestinian village, located on the southern banks of Wadi 'Ajjur, northwest of Hebron which had its Arab population expelled ...

) was built by

Fulk of Jerusalem Fulk ( la, Fulco, french: Foulque or ''Foulques''; c. 1089/1092 – 13 November 1143), also known as Fulk the Younger, was the count of Anjou (as Fulk V) from 1109 to 1129 and the king of Jerusalem with his wife from 1131 to his death. During t ...

in 1142, as part of the royal domain, and administered by the royal

castellans A castellan is the title used in Medieval Europe for an appointed official, a governor of a castle and its surrounding territory referred to as the castellany. The title of ''governor'' is retained in the English prison system, as a remnant o ...

. It became a lordship in 1166, when it was given to Walter III Brisebarre, lord of Beirut. *Walter III Brisebarre, 1166–1187 *''Blanchegarde taken by

'', 1191, 1192 *Gilles, c. 1210 *Raoul, ?–1265 *Amalric Barlais, 1265–?

Lordship of Botrun

The Lordship of Botrun was a fief around the city

Batrun Batroun ( ar, ٱلْبَتْرُون '; Syriac script: ܒܬܪܘܢ ') is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. It is the capital city of Batroun District. Etymology The name ''Ba ...

from 1115: *Raymond of Agoult, before 1174 * William Dorel, until 1174 *Cecilia (Lucia), 1174–1181/1206; married

Plivain Plivain, also known as Plivano or Pleban, was the lord of Botrun (now Batroun in Lebanon) in the County of Tripoli from around 1180 to around 1206. He was a merchant from Pisa who settled in the county in the late 1170s. He seized Botrun through hi ...

*Isabella, 1206–1244; married Bohemond of Botron, son of

Bohemond III Bohemond III of Antioch, also known as Bohemond the Child or the Stammerer (french: Bohémond le Bambe/le Baube; 1148–1201), was Prince of Antioch from 1163 to 1201. He was the elder son of Constance of Antioch and her first husband, Raymond of ...

William William is a male given name of Germanic origin.Hanks, Hardcastle and Hodges, ''Oxford Dictionary of First Names'', Oxford University Press, 2nd edition, , p. 276. It became very popular in the English language after the Norman conquest of Engl ...

, 1244–1262 * John I, 1262–1277 * Rudolf (Rostain), 1277–1289

Lordship of Caymont

Caymont was created in 1192 after the

Third Crusade The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt by three European monarchs of Western Christianity (Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by ...

for

, who had lost his other territories to

. It eventually passed into the royal domain.

Lordship of Dera

Little is known about

Dera Dera, Dero, Daro, Dhoro, Dahar or Dehra is a word in several languages of South Asia, whose meaning is ' camp', 'mound' or 'settlement'. It appears in the names of a number of places. Geography India * Dera, Himachal Pradesh * Dera Bassi, Moha ...

, except that it was created in 1118, during the reign of

Lordship of Hebron

Hebron Hebron ( ar, الخليل or ; he, חֶבְרוֹן ) is a Palestinian. city in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judaean Mountains, it lies above sea level. The second-largest city in the West Bank (after Eas ...

, known to the Crusaders as "Castellion Saint Abraham", was one of the earliest seigneuries created. Hebron had been under royal control at various times before 1149. It had its own sub-vassal, the Lordship of Beth Gibelin, created by Fulk in 1149. Soon afterwards Hebron became a royal domain and Beth Gibelin passed to the

. * Geldemar Carpenel, 1100 *Gerard of Avesnes, 1100–1101 *''Royal domain,'' 1102–1104 *Hugh of Rebecques, 1104 *''Royal domain,'' 1104–1108 *Walter Mahomet, 1108–1118 *''Royal domain,'' 1118–1120 *Baldwin of Saint Abraham, 1120–1136 *Hugh II of Saint Abraham, 1136–1149 *''Royal domain'', 1149–1161 *''Hebron merged with Lordship of Oultrejordain'', 1161 *''Under Ayyubid control'', 1187–1191 *''Royal domain'', 1191 *''Hebron destroyed by Khwarazmians'', 1244.

Lordship of Montgisard

Montgisard (possibly

Gezer Gezer, or Tel Gezer ( he, גֶּזֶר), in ar, تل الجزر – Tell Jezar or Tell el-Jezari is an archaeological site in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains at the border of the Shfela region roughly midway between Jerusalem and Tel Av ...

) was built as a defense against Nur ad-Din, and was the site of the

Battle of Montgisard The Battle of Montgisard was fought between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Ayyubids on 25 November 1177 at Montgisard, in the Levant between Ramla and Yibna. The 16-year-old Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, seriously afflicted by leprosy, led an o ...

in 1177. *William, c. 1155 *John *Aimard, c. 1198 *Reginald, c. 1200 *William, c. 1230 *Robert, c. 1240 *Henry (?) *Balian, c. 1300 *William *Baldwin *Robert *John *James, c. 1400.

Lordship of Nablus

Nablus was first captured in 1099 by Tancred, and named "Naples" by the Crusaders. It later became a separate lordship out of part of

Oultrejordain The Lordship of or (Old French for "beyond the Jordan", also called Lordship of Montreal) was the name used during the Crusades for an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the Jordan River, an area known in ancient times as Ed ...

. It was lost during Saladin's conquest of the kingdom. *''Royal domain'', 1099– *

, 1126–? *Guy of Milly, ?–1142 or between 1138–1144 *

, son of Guy, 1142 or between 1138–1144–1161 * Maria Comnena, received the lordship from her first husband

, 1177, Maria's second husband *Stephanie of Ibelin, sister of Balian *''Nablus taken by

'', 1187. Nablus was technically part of the royal domain, and also had a royal

viscount A viscount ( , for male) or viscountess (, for female) is a title used in certain European countries for a noble of varying status. In many countries a viscount, and its historical equivalents, was a non-hereditary, administrative or judicia ...

, who governed in place of the monarch : *Ulric, 1115–1152 *Baldwin Bubalus, c. 1159–1162 *Baldwin, son of Ulric, c. 1162–1176 *Amalric, c. 1176–1187.

Lordship of Scandalion

Scandelion, today's Iskandarouna in the

Tyre District The Tyre District is a district in the South Governorate of Lebanon. History Ancient history Founded at the start of the third millennium BC, Tyre originally consisted of a mainland settlement and a modest island city that lay a short distance o ...

of the

South Governorate South Governorate ( ar, الجنوب; transliterated: al-Janub) is one of the governorates of Lebanon. South Lebanon has a population of 500,000 inhabitants and an area of 929.6 km2. The capital is Sidon. The lowest elevation is sea-level ...

Lebanon Lebanon ( , ar, لُبْنَان, translit=lubnān, ), officially the Republic of Lebanon () or the Lebanese Republic, is a country in Western Asia. It is located between Syria to Lebanon–Syria border, the north and east and Israel to Blue ...

, was built in 1116 as a royal domain.

Denys Pringle Reginald Denys Pringle (born 20 September 1951) is a British archaeologist and medievalist. He is best known for his numerous publications regarding Crusader castles and Crusader-era churches in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the 12th-13th century Crusa ...

quotes

William of Tyre William of Tyre ( la, Willelmus Tyrensis; 113029 September 1186) was a medieval prelate and chronicler. As archbishop of Tyre, he is sometimes known as William II to distinguish him from his predecessor, William I, the Englishman, a former ...

indicating the year 1117 for the date when Baldwin I has built the castle of Scandalion. It became a lordship by 1148 when Guy of Scandalion was created lord. *Guy of Scandalion, c. 1150 *Peter *Raymond, c. 1200 *William of Mandelee *Raymond *Philip, c. 1270 *Humphrey, c. 1300 *Eschiva, c. 1370.

Lordship of Tyre

Conrad of Montferrat Conrad of Montferrat ( Italian: ''Corrado del Monferrato''; Piedmontese: ''Conrà ëd Monfrà'') (died 28 April 1192) was a nobleman, one of the major participants in the Third Crusade. He was the ''de facto'' King of Jerusalem (as Conrad I) by ...

practically created this lordship during the

by defending it, as it was the only remaining town of the kingdom. Tyre, always an important town, had been part of the royal domain, and after Conrad, it also belonged to the kings personally. After the kingdom moved to Acre, coronations took place in Tyre. Sometime after 1246, Tyre was conferred upon Philip of Montfort by

Henry I of Cyprus Henry I of Cyprus, nicknamed the Fat (french: Henri de Lusignan; 3 May 1217 – 18 January 1253 at Nicosia) was King of Cyprus from 1218 to 1253. He was the son of Hugh I of Cyprus and Alice of Champagne. When his father Hugh I died on January 10 ...

(then regent of Jerusalem) for his support of the Ibelin (baronial) party against the Imperialists. The grant was confirmed c. 1269 by

Hugh III of Cyprus Hugh III (french: Hugues; – 24 March 1284), also called Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan and the Great, was the king of Cyprus from 1267 and king of Jerusalem from 1268. Born into the family of the princes of Antioch, he effectively ruled as regen ...

, with a clause allowing Hugh to buy back the lordship. This was exercised in 1284, when the city was given to his sister Margaret, already the dowager lady of Tyre. The lords of Tyre were: * ''Royal domain,'' 1124–1129 * Fulk of Anjou, 1129–1131 * ''Royal domain,'' 1131–1187 *

, 1190–1192 * ''Royal domain.'' 1192–1246 * Philip of Montfort, 1246–1269 *

John of Montfort John of Montfort ( xbm, Yann Moñforzh, french: Jean de Montfort) (1295 – 26 September 1345,Etienne de Jouy. Œuvres complètes d'Etienne Jouy'. J. Didot Ainé. p. 373. Château d'Hennebont), sometimes known as John IV of Brittany, and 6th E ...

, son of Philip, 1269–1283 *

, brother of John, 1283–1284 * ''Royal domain,'' 1284–1289 * Amalric of Lusignan, 1289–1291 * ''Tyre taken by Mamluks,'' 1291.

Lordship of Joscelin III of Edessa

This lordship, often called the ''seigneurie de Joscelin'', was an unusual creation given to Joscelin III, the nominal

Count of Edessa The County of Edessa (Latin: ''Comitatus Edessanus'') was one of the Crusader states in the 12th century. Ferdinandi, Sergio (2017). La Contea Franca di Edessa. Fondazione e Profilo Storico del Primo Principato Crociato nel Levante (1098-115 ...

, which had been lost long before. It was created around 1176 when Joscelin married Agnes of Milly, and was formed from royal land around Acre. Joscelin had only daughters, who married into the families of von Henneberg and Mandelee. The heirs sold in 1220 the seigneury to the

, who used the place near Acre as their fortress in Outremer. The archives of the lordship are the only baronial archives of Outremer to survive.Susan Edington and Alan V. Murray, "Western Sources", in Alan V. Murray, ed., ''The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide'' (ABC-CLIO, 2015), p. 255.

Inheritance in the Kingdom of Jerusalem

Lordships in the Kingdom of Jerusalem were usually hereditary, in principle, but in practice the circumstances were such that their holders did not form long uninterrupted lines of inheritance, which was contrary to the usual patterns of succession in Europe. Firstly, in the early years of the kingdom, lords sought out their own territories, and lordships changed hands often. Secondly, the average lifespan of male lords in Palestine was rather low, due to the constant state of warfare and violence, which led to inheritances by females and/or extinction of whole families. Succession from father to son happened more rarely than in more peaceful countries in Europe. Female succession opened up the option for the liege or the monarch to reward services, loyalty and capability, as well as achievements, by giving an heiress' hand in marriage and her inherited lordship to a "new man". A typical succession pattern was a father followed by a daughter, sister, or niece, who was then married to a man worthy of some reward, who then himself succeeded to the territory. This made the succession unpredictable and caused the family holding a particular territory to change once or perhaps even more often in a generation. Sometimes families became extinct, or escaped from Syria, and either a distant relative came to claim their land, or more usually, their liege gave the lordship to another family. Sometimes a lord was condemned for treason, rebellion or some other reason, and he and possibly his descendants were disinherited from the lordship. Occasionally, vacant lordships were put into the ''royal domain'', but more often, another person received the lordship. A less careful observer may think that they were not hereditary, but almost always their succession took place according to feudal rights of inheritance, utilizing the relatively high number of heiresses. Many of these seigneuries ceased to exist after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187, and the rest of them after the fall of Acre in 1291, yet they often had Cypriot or European claimants for decades or centuries afterwards; these claimants, of course, held no actual territory in Syria after the mainland kingdom was lost.