1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once.

Vannes
Vannes (French pronunciation: ​[van]; Breton: Gwened) is a commune in the Morbihan
Morbihan department in Brittany in north-western France. It was founded over 2,000 years ago.[1]

Contents

1 Geography 2 History 3 Population

3.1 Breton language

4 Transport 5 Monuments and sights 6 Education 7 In fiction 8 Notable people 9 Sport 10 International relations

10.1 Twin towns – Sister cities

11 See also 12 Gallery 13 References 14 External links

Geography[edit] Vannes
Vannes is located on the Gulf of Morbihan
Morbihan at the mouth of two rivers, the Marle and the Vincin. It is around 100 kilometres (62 miles) northwest of Nantes
Nantes and 450 km (280 mi) south west of Paris. Vannes
Vannes is a market town and often linked to the sea. History[edit] See also: Veneti and Bro Gwened. The name Vannes
Vannes comes from the Veneti, a seafaring Celtic people who lived in the south-western part of Armorica
Armorica in Gaul
Gaul before the Roman invasions. The region seems to have been involved in a cross channel trade for thousands of years, probably using hide boats and perhaps Ferriby Boats.[2] Wheat that apparently was grown in the Middle East was part of this trade.[3] At about 150 BC the evidence of trade (such as Gallo-Belgic coins) with the Thames estuary
Thames estuary area of Great Britain dramatically increased.[4] The Veneti were defeated by Julius Caesar's fleet in 56 BC in front of Locmariaquer; many of the Veneti were then either slaughtered or sold into slavery. The Romans settled a town called Darioritum in a location previously belonging to the Veneti. From the 5th to the 7th century, the remaining Gauls
Gauls were displaced or assimilated by waves of immigrant Britons fleeing the Saxon invasions of Britain. Under the Breton name Gwened (also derived from the Veneti), the town was the center of an independent principality or kingdom variously called Bro-Wened
Bro-Wened ("Vannes") or Bro-Ereg
Bro-Ereg ("land of Gwereg"), the latter for a prominent member of its dynasty, which claimed descent from Caradog Strongarm. The diocese of Vannes
Vannes was erected in the 5th century. The Council of Vannes
Vannes was held there in 461. The realm annexed Cornouaille for a time in the early 6th century but was permanently joined with Domnonia
Domnonia under its king and saint Judicaël around 635. In 1342, Vannes
Vannes was besieged four times between forces from both sides of the Breton War of Succession. The city's defending commander, Olivier de Clisson
Olivier de Clisson IV was captured by the English, but finally released. The French eventually executed him on suspicion that the ransom was unusually low and therefore he may have been a traitor. In 1759, Vannes
Vannes was used as the staging point for a planned French invasion of Britain. A large army was assembled there, but it was never able to sail following the French naval defeat at the Battle of Quiberon
Quiberon Bay in November 1759. In 1795, during the French Revolution, French forces based in Vannes successfully repelled a planned British-Royalist invasion. Population[edit] Inhabitants of Vannes
Vannes are called Vannetais.

Historical population of Vannes

Year 1911 1936 1954 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2008 2012

Population 23,748 24,068 25,089 30,411 36,576 40,359 42,178 45,644 51,759 52,983 52,648

Breton language[edit] The municipality launched a linguistic plan through Ya d'ar brezhoneg on 12 October 2007. In 2008, 7.71% of the children attended the bilingual schools in primary education.[5] Transport[edit] Train The Gare de Vannes
Gare de Vannes railway station offers connections to Quimper, Rennes, Nantes, Paris
Paris and several regional destinations. With the fast train TGV, the journey takes: – 30 minutes to Lorient, – 1 hour to Nantes
Nantes or Rennes, – 3.5 to 4 hours to Paris. The Transport express régional
Transport express régional or TER is a slower train to join railway stations in the close neighborhood, as Auray
Auray or Questembert. There is no direct railway from Vannes
Vannes to Saint-Brieuc
Saint-Brieuc (118 km away in the north of Brittany), so the train from Vannes
Vannes to Saint Brieuc goes via Rennes, which doubles the travel time and cost: it takes 2 to 3 hours to go from Vannes
Vannes to Saint Brieuc by train. Car Two highways, in the north of Vannes, provide fast connections by car: – N165: drive west to Lorient
Lorient (58 km) and Quimper (122 km), south east to Nantes
Nantes (111 km) – N166: drive north east to Rennes
Rennes (113 km) + a network of small roads connects Vannes
Vannes to smaller cities. There is no highway from Vannes
Vannes to Saint-Brieuc, so the way to northern Brittany consists of small roads. The lack of highway or railway between Vannes
Vannes and Saint-Brieuc
Saint-Brieuc (118 km north) cuts the communications between northern and southern Brittany, and limits Brittany economic performance. Airplanes Vannes
Vannes has a small airfield in the village of Monterblanc, called Vannes- Meucon
Meucon airport, or " Vannes
Vannes – Golfe du Morbihan
Morbihan airport". It used to be a military airport, but it is now dedicated to general aviation aircraft. It belongs to Vannes
Vannes Agglomeration community, the group of cities gathered around Vannes, and the main users of this airfield are Vannes
Vannes flying club, the local ultralight aviation club, and Vannes
Vannes school of skydiving. Bus There are 2 bus networks in Vannes: – Kicéo, proposes short travels starting from Vannes
Vannes Place de la Republique on behalf of Vannes Agglomeration community, – CAT, propose longer travel starting from the railway station on behalf of Morbihan. So there are 2 central bus stations in Vannes: one on Place de la Libération, the other at the railway station. Bike Vannes
Vannes city had a public bicycle rental program, called Velocea based on the same idea as the Paris
Paris Vélib'. Hundreds of bicycles are available in 20 automated rental stations each with 10 to fifteen bikes/spaces. Each Velocea service station is equipped with an automatic rental terminal and stands for bicycles. The bicycles were robust and heavy 18 kilograms (40 lb), and the user could take a bike in any station, and let it in any station, for a cost as: free the first 4 hours, 1 euro the next 30 minutes, 2 euros per hour. Unfortunatelly, the service was discontinued by August 2017. Monuments and sights[edit]

City walls of Vannes

" Vannes
Vannes and his wife"

Cathedral of St Peter, gothic cathedral Church of St Patern, classic church Chapel of Saint-Yves, baroque church Château Gaillard (medieval house now used as an archaeological museum) Musée de la Cohue (fine arts museum) Hôtel de Ville Old city walls, which include :

Tour du Connétable (a large medieval tower part of the old city walls) Château de l'Hermine (former castle, transformed into a palace in the 17th century, and a residence of the Dukes of Brittany between the 13th and 16th centuries) Porte Calmont, medieval city gate Porte Prison, medieval city gate Porte Poterne, medieval city gate Porte Saint-Jean, medieval city gate

Porte Saint-Vincent, 18th century city gate Many timber-framed houses in the old town " Vannes
Vannes and his wife", a funny painted granite sculpture from the 15th century in front of Château Gaillard The harbour

Education[edit]

Institut catholique d'arts et métiers

In fiction[edit]

In the last of the Three Musketeers novels of Alexandre Dumas, The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later, published in 1847, the musketeer Aramis
Aramis appears as bishop of Vannes
Vannes before becoming General of the Society of Jesus. In Sébastien Roch, a novel by Octave Mirbeau
Octave Mirbeau published in 1890, Sebastien is sent to a school in Vannes, Saint-François-Xavier, where he is a victim of sexual abuse. In Sir Nigel, a novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle published in 1906, Nigel is made seneschal of the Castle of Vannes
Vannes after a battle in Brittany. He doesn't remain in Vannes, since after winning in another battle, the Black Prince dubs him a knight and Nigel returns to England to wed the Lady Mary. Jean-François Parot has written a series of crime fictions printed up to 2010 taking place in the 18th century, whose main character is Nicolas Le Floch, a Police Commissioner who was also educated in the school of Saint François-Xavier in Vannes, but he didn't share Sebastien Roch's misfortune. The Nicolas Le Floch novels have been adapted as a television series. In The Secret Of The Missing Boat, a children's book by Paul Berna published in 1966 as La Voile Rouge. In "Charlemagne and Florent," a short story by Ranylt Richildis published in 2014 by Myths Inscribed. Vannes
Vannes is a major location in C.J. Adrien's novel The Oath of the Father, published in 2015, about the Viking raids in Brittany.

Notable people[edit] Vannes
Vannes was the birthplace of:

Albinus of Angers
Albinus of Angers (born 469), Roman Catholic saint Saint Emilion (Emilianus) (?-767), monk and Roman Catholic saint, he gave his name to one of the main red wine areas of Bordeaux Duke François I (1414–1450) of Brittany Louis-Marie Autissier
Louis-Marie Autissier (1772–1830), painter Louise Bourgoin
Louise Bourgoin (born 1981), actress Gabriel Fabre (1774–1858), general of the First French Empire Pierre de La Gorce
Pierre de La Gorce (1846–1934), historian Paul César Helleu
Paul César Helleu (1859–1927), painter Émile Jourdan
Émile Jourdan (1860–1931), painter of Pont-Aven School Delly (alias Frédéric Petitjean de la Rosière) (1876–1949), novel writer with his sister Jeanne-Marie Alain de Goué (1879–1918), historian Alphonse Barbé (1885–1983), journalist and anarchist Louis Martin-Chauffier (1894–1980), writer, journalist and member of the French Resistance Yves Rocard (1903–1992), physicist Colonel Remy (alias Gilbert Renault) (1904–1984), secret agent of the French Resistance Alain Resnais (1922-2014), film director Jean Vezin (1933–), palaeographer Yves Coppens
Yves Coppens (born 1934), paleontologist Serge Latouche
Serge Latouche (born 1940), economist Jacques Ramouillet (born 1941), mountaineer Cédric Morgan (born 1943), writer, winner of the Prix Breizh in 2015 Claude-Michel Schönberg, (born 1944), singer and songwriter Bernard Poignant (born 1945), French politician Hélène de Fougerolles
Hélène de Fougerolles (born 1973), actress Mathieu Berson
Mathieu Berson (born 1980), footballer Joris Marveaux
Joris Marveaux footballer Sylvain Marveaux
Sylvain Marveaux footballer Yann Kermorgant
Yann Kermorgant footballer

Sport[edit] The local football team is Vannes
Vannes OC, members of the Championnat de France
France de Ligue 2
Ligue 2 for the 2009-10 season. The Rugby Club Vannes is the rugby union team and competed in Pro D2 for the 2015-16 season. Both teams play at the Stade de la Rabine
Stade de la Rabine built in 2001. The town was the start line for stage 9 of the 2015 Tour de France International relations[edit] See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France Twin towns – Sister cities[edit] Vannes
Vannes is twinned with:

Town Region Country

Since

Mons Wallonia  Belgium 1952

Cuxhaven Lower Saxony  Germany 1963

Fareham[6]

Hampshire  UK 1967

Vannes
Vannes also has partnerships (‘partenariats’) with:

Barouéli, Mali Wałbrzych, Poland

See also[edit]

Brittany portal

Saint-Vincent Gate (Vannes) Veneti (Gaul) Saint Meriasek Operation Dingson Communes of the Morbihan
Morbihan department Pierre Marie François Ogé Sculpture in Vannes
Vannes town hall. Eleanor, a Nile Crocodile
Nile Crocodile resident of the Aquarium du Vannes.

Gallery[edit]

Panorama of the old town

In the old town centre

Place des Lices

Old washing-places

Château de l'Hermine

Port de Vannes

Garden of the Château de l'Hermine

Street in town center

Vannes
Vannes Cathedral

St. Patern church

The port, at the foot of St. Vincent gate

References[edit]

Notes

^ History of Vannes
Vannes Official website of the city ^ Cunliffe, Barry (2008). Britain and the continent: networks of interaction. A Companion to Roman Britain. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–11.  ^ Balter, Michael. "DNA recovered from underwater British site may rewrite history of farming in Europe". Science News. Science. Retrieved 16 March 2015.  ^ Cunliffe, Barry (2008). Britain and the continent: networks of interaction." A Companion to Roman Britain. John Wiley & Sons. p. 528. ISBN 9780470998854. Retrieved 16 March 2015.  ^ (in French) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue ^ "British towns twinned with French towns". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-12. 

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vannes.

(in French) Official web site of the city Vannes
Vannes travel guide from Wikivoyage (in French) French Ministry of Culture list for Vannes

v t e

Prefectures of departments of France

Bourg-en-Bresse
Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain) Laon
Laon (Aisne) Moulins (Allier) Digne-les-Bains
Digne-les-Bains (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) Gap (Hautes-Alpes) Nice
Nice (Alpes-Maritimes) Privas
Privas (Ardèche) Charleville-Mézières
Charleville-Mézières (Ardennes) Foix
Foix (Ariège) Troyes
Troyes (Aube) Carcassonne
Carcassonne (Aude) Rodez
Rodez (Aveyron) Marseille
Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône) Caen
Caen (Calvados) Aurillac
Aurillac (Cantal) Angoulême
Angoulême (Charente) La Rochelle
La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime) Bourges
Bourges (Cher) Tulle
Tulle (Corrèze) Ajaccio
Ajaccio (Corse-du-Sud) Bastia
Bastia (Haute-Corse) Dijon
Dijon (Côte-d'Or) Saint-Brieuc
Saint-Brieuc (Côtes-d'Armor) Guéret
Guéret (Creuse) Périgueux
Périgueux (Dordogne) Besançon
Besançon (Doubs) Valence (Drôme) Évreux
Évreux (Eure) Chartres
Chartres (Eure-et-Loir) Quimper
Quimper (Finistère) Nîmes
Nîmes (Gard) Toulouse
Toulouse (Haute-Garonne) Auch
Auch (Gers) Bordeaux
Bordeaux (Gironde) Montpellier
Montpellier (Hérault) Rennes
Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine) Châteauroux
Châteauroux (Indre) Tours
Tours (Indre-et-Loire) Grenoble
Grenoble (Isère) Lons-le-Saunier
Lons-le-Saunier (Jura) Mont-de-Marsan
Mont-de-Marsan (Landes) Blois
Blois (Loir-et-Cher) Saint-Étienne
Saint-Étienne (Loire) Le Puy-en-Velay
Le Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire) Nantes
Nantes (Loire-Atlantique) Orléans
Orléans (Loiret) Cahors
Cahors (Lot) Agen
Agen (Lot-et-Garonne) Mende (Lozère) Angers
Angers (Maine-et-Loire) Saint-Lô
Saint-Lô (Manche) Châlons-en-Champagne
Châlons-en-Champagne (Marne) Chaumont (Haute-Marne) Laval (Mayenne) Nancy (Meurthe-et-Moselle) Bar-le-Duc
Bar-le-Duc (Meuse) Vannes
Vannes (Morbihan) Metz
Metz (Moselle) Nevers
Nevers (Nièvre) Lille
Lille (Nord) Beauvais
Beauvais (Oise) Alençon
Alençon (Orne) Arras
Arras (Pas-de-Calais) Clermont-Ferrand
Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme) Pau (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) Tarbes
Tarbes (Hautes-Pyrénées) Perpignan
Perpignan (Pyrénées-Orientales) Strasbourg
Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin) Colmar
Colmar (Haut-Rhin) Lyon
Lyon (Rhône) Vesoul
Vesoul (Haute-Saône) Mâcon
Mâcon (Saône-et-Loire) Le Mans
Le Mans (Sarthe) Chambéry
Chambéry (Savoie) Annecy
Annecy (Haute-Savoie) Paris
Paris (Paris) Rouen
Rouen (Seine-Maritime) Melun
Melun (Seine-et-Marne) Versailles (Yvelines) Niort
Niort (Deux-Sèvres) Amiens
Amiens (Somme) Albi
Albi (Tarn) Montauban
Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne) Toulon
Toulon (Var) Avignon
Avignon (Vaucluse) La Roche-sur-Yon
La Roche-sur-Yon (Vendée) Poitiers
Poitiers (Vienne) Limoges
Limoges (Haute-Vienne) Épinal
Épinal (Vosges) Auxerre
Auxerre (Yonne) Belfort
Belfort (Territoire de Belfort) Évry (Essonne) Nanterre
Nanterre (Hauts-de-Seine) Bobigny
Bobigny (Seine-Saint-Denis) Créteil
Créteil (Val-de-Marne) Cergy, Pontoise
Pontoise (Val-d'Oise)

Overseas departments

Basse-Terre
Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe) Fort-de- France
France (Martinique) Cayenne
Cayenne (French Guiana) Saint-Denis (Réunion) Mamoudzou
Mamoudzou (Mayotte)

v t e

Communes of the Morbihan
Morbihan department

Allaire Ambon Arradon Arzal Arzon Augan Auray Baden Bangor Baud Béganne Beignon Belz Berné Berric Bieuzy Bignan Billiers Billio Bohal Bono Brandérion Brandivy Brech Bréhan Brignac Bubry Buléon Caden Calan Camoël Camors Campénéac Carentoir Carnac Caro Caudan La Chapelle-Caro La Chapelle-Neuve Cléguer Cléguérec Colpo Concoret Cournon Le Cours Crac'h Crédin Le Croisty Croixanvec La Croix-Helléan Cruguel Damgan Elven Erdeven Étel Évellys Évriguet Le Faouët Férel Les Forges Les Fougerêts La Gacilly Gâvres Gestel Gourhel Gourin Grand-Champ La Grée-Saint-Laurent Groix Guégon Guéhenno Gueltas Guémené-sur-Scorff Guénin Guer Guern Le Guerno Guidel Guillac Guilliers Guiscriff Helléan Hennebont Le Hézo Hœdic Houat Île-aux-Moines Île-d'Arz Inguiniel Inzinzac-Lochrist Josselin Kerfourn Kergrist Kernascléden Kervignac Landaul Landévant Lanester Langoëlan Langonnet Languidic Lanouée Lantillac Lanvaudan Lanvénégen Larmor-Baden Larmor-Plage Larré Lauzach Lignol Limerzel Lizio Locmalo Locmaria Locmaria-Grand-Champ Locmariaquer Locminé Locmiquélic Locoal-Mendon Locqueltas Lorient Loyat Malansac Malestroit Malguénac Marzan Mauron Melrand Ménéac Merlevenez Meslan Meucon Missiriac Mohon Molac Monteneuf Monterblanc Monterrein Montertelot Moréac Moustoir-Ac Muzillac Néant-sur-Yvel Neulliac Nivillac Nostang Noyal-Muzillac Noyal-Pontivy Le Palais Péaule Peillac Pénestin Persquen Plaudren Plescop Pleucadeuc Pleugriffet Ploemel Ploemeur Ploërdut Ploeren Ploërmel Plouay Plougoumelen Plouharnel Plouhinec Plouray Pluherlin Plumelec Pluméliau Plumelin Plumergat Pluneret Pluvigner Pontivy Pont-Scorff Porcaro Port-Louis Priziac Questembert Quéven Quiberon Quily Quistinic Radenac Réguiny Réminiac Riantec Rieux La Roche-Bernard Rochefort-en-Terre Le Roc-Saint-André Rohan Roudouallec Ruffiac Le Saint Saint-Abraham Saint-Aignan Saint-Allouestre Saint-Armel Saint-Avé Saint-Barthélemy Saint-Brieuc-de-Mauron Saint-Caradec-Trégomel Saint-Congard Saint-Dolay Sainte-Anne-d'Auray Sainte-Brigitte Sainte-Hélène Saint-Gérand Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys Saint-Gonnery Saint-Gorgon Saint-Gravé Saint-Guyomard Saint-Jacut-les-Pins Saint-Jean-Brévelay Saint-Jean-la-Poterie Saint-Laurent-sur-Oust Saint-Léry Saint-Malo-de-Beignon Saint-Malo-des-Trois-Fontaines Saint-Marcel Saint-Martin-sur-Oust Saint-Nicolas-du-Tertre Saint-Nolff Saint-Perreux Saint-Philibert Saint-Pierre-Quiberon Saint-Servant Saint-Thuriau Saint-Tugdual Saint-Vincent-sur-Oust Sarzeau Sauzon Séglien Séné Sérent Silfiac Le Sourn Sulniac Surzur Taupont Théhillac Theix-Noyalo Le Tour-du-Parc Tréal Trédion Treffléan Tréhorenteuc La Trinité-Porhoët La Trinité-sur-Mer La Trinité-Surzur Vannes La Vraie-Croix

Authority control

WorldCat Identities VIAF: 153615448 LCCN: n81071947 GND: 4119365-9 SUDOC: 027957039 BNF: cb1526