Valley Yokuts is a

dialect cluster A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually intelligible, but the differences accumulate over distance so that widely separated vari ...

of the

Yokutsan Yokuts, formerly known as Mariposa, is an endangered language spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the San Joaquin Valley by the Yokuts people. The speakers of Yokuts were severely affected by disease, mission ...

language family of California. Chukchansi, which is still spoken natively, has language classes and a preschool for children. It is also taught at a local elementary school. Though there are no longer any native speakers,

Tachi A is a type of traditionally made Japanese sword (''nihonto'') worn by the samurai class of feudal Japan. ''Tachi'' and ''katana'' generally differ in length, degree of curvature, and how they were worn when sheathed, the latter depending on t ...

has a Headstart language program. Valley_yokuts_divisions-01

Varieties

Valley Yokuts is sometimes considered three languages. * Far Northern Valley Yokuts ( Delta Yokuts) † : Yachikumne (a.k.a. Chulamni) : Chalostaca : Lakisamni : Tawalimni *

Northern Valley Yokuts Northern Valley Yokuts is a dialect network within the Valley Yokuts division of the Yokutsan languages Yokuts, formerly known as Mariposa, is an endangered language spoken in the interior of Northern and Central California in and around the ...

: Nopṭinṭe : Chawchila : Chukchansi : Kechayi : Dumna * Southern Valley Yokuts : Wechihit : Nutunutu–

: Chunut (a.k.a. Sumtache) : Wo’lasi–Choynok : Wowol : Telamni : Koyeti–

Yawelmani Yawelmani Yokuts (also spelled Yowlumne and Yauelmani) is an endangered dialect of Southern Valley Yokuts historically spoken by the Yokuts living along the Kern River north of Kern Lake in the Central Valley of California. Today, most Yawelma ...

Of these, ''Yawelmani'' ,Laurie Bauer, 2007, ''The Linguistics Student’s Handbook'', Edinburgh also known as ''Yowlumni'', is the best known. See also

Chukchansi dialect Chukchansi (Chuk'chansi) is a dialect of Foothill and Valley Yokuts spoken in and around the Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians, in the San Joaquin Valley of California, by the Chukchansi band of Yokuts. As of 2011, there were eight nativ ...

Grammar

ablaut In linguistics, the Indo-European ablaut (, from German '' Ablaut'' ) is a system of apophony (regular vowel variations) in the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE). An example of ablaut in English is the strong verb ''sing, sang, sung'' and its ...

suffix In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns, adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs. Suffixes can carr ...

: ''deeyi'' 'to lead' : ''deeyen'' 'he will lead' : ''deyhin'' 'he led' : ''diyhatinhin'' 'he wanted to lead' : ''diyee’iy'' 'place where one got the lead' (subjective) : ''diyaa’an'' 'he is leading' : ''deydiyen'' 'he will lead repeatedly' : ''diyidyiisaahin ’anam'' 'they led each other repeatedly' : ''diyeediyic’'' 'one who is leading repeatedly' (subjective) : ''deyday'' 'act of leading repeatedly' (subjective) *

reduplication In linguistics, reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change. The classic observation on the semantics of reduplication is Edwa ...

: ''’ɔɔṭ’hun'' 'he stole' - ''’ɔɔṭ’uṭ’hun'' 'he stole often' : ''’ɔɔṭ’al'' 'he might steal' - ''’ɔɔṭ’uṭ’al'' 'he might steal often'

Bibliography

* Archangeli, Diana B. (1985).

Extrametricality In linguistics, extrametricality is a tool for prosodic analysis of words in a language. In certain languages, a particular segment or prosodic unit of a word may be ignored for the purposes of determining the stress structure of the word. For ...

in Yawelmani. ''Linguistic review'', ''4'' (2), 101-120. * Archangeli, Diana B. (1986). Yokuts harmony: Evidence for coplanar representation in nonlinear phonology. ''Linguistic inquiry'', ''16'', 335-372. * Archangeli, Diana B. (1988). ''Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology''. Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York: Garland Pub. . (Revision of 1984 doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). * Archangeli, Diana B. (1991). Syllabification and prosodic templates in Yawelmani. ''

Natural Language and Linguistic Theory ''Natural Language & Linguistic Theory'' is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering theoretical and generative linguistics. It was established in 1983 and originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers. Since 2004 the journal is p ...

'' 9, 231-283. * Gamble, Geoffrey. (1975). Consonant symbolism in Yokuts. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''41'', 306-309. * Harris, Zellig. (1944). Yokuts structure and Newman's grammar. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''10'', 196-211. * Hockett, Charles. (1967). The Yawelmani basic verb. ''Language'', ''26'', 278-282. * Hockett, Charles. (1973). Yokuts as a testing ground for linguistic methods. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''39'', 63-79. * Hymes, Dell H. (1964). ''Language in culture and society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology''. New York: Harper & Row. * Kuroda, S.-Y. (1967). ''Yawelmani phonology''. Special technical report (No. 15); M.I.T. research monograph series (No. 43). Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics. * Kroeber, Alfred L. (1906). The Yokuts and Yuki languages. In B. Laufer & H. A. Andrews (Eds.), ''Boas anniversary volume'' (pp. 64–79). New York: G.E. Stechert & Co. (Reprinted as separate book 1906). * Kroeber, Alfred L. (1906). ''The Yokuts and Yuki languages''. New York: Stechert. (Originally in Laufer & Andrews 1906). * Kroeber, Alfred L. (1907). The Yokuts language of south central California. University of California publications in American archaeology and ethnology (Vol. 2, pp. 165–377). * Laufer, Berthold,; & Andrews, H. A. (Eds.). (1906). ''Boas anniversary volume: Anthropological papers written in honor of Franz Boas''. New York: G.E. Stechert & Co. * Newman, Stanley S. (1932). The Yawelmani dialect of Yokuts. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''7'', 85-89. * Newman, Stanley S. (1940). Linguistic aspects of Yokuts style. ''Anthropological Record'', ''5'' (1), 4-15. (Reprinted in Hymes 1964). * Newman, Stanley S. (1944). ''Yokuts language of California''. Viking Fund publications in anthropology (No. 2). New York: Viking Fund. (Reprinted 1963 & 1968, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.). * Newman, Stanley S. (1946). The Yawelmani dialect of Yokuts. In C. Osgood & H. Hoijer (Eds.), ''Linguistic structures of native America'' (pp. 222–248). New York: The Viking Fund. * Newman, Stanley S. (1964). Linguistic aspects of Yokuts style. In D. H. Hymes, ''Language in culture and society''. New York: Harper & Row. (Originally published as Newman 1940). * Newman, Stanley S. (1966). Word classes in Yokuts. ''Lingua'', ''17'', 182-199. * Noske, Roland. (1985). Syllabification and Syllable Changing Processes in Yawelmani. In

Harry van der Hulst Harry van der Hulst (born 1953, The Hague) is Full Professor of linguistics and Director of Undergraduate Studies at the Department of Linguistics of the University of Connecticut. He has been editor-in-chief of the international SSCI peer-review ...

& Norval S.H. Smith (Eds.), ''Advances in Nonlinear Phonology'', Dordrecht: Foris, 335-361. * Noske, Roland. (1993). ''A Theory of Syllabification and Segmental Alternation. With studies on the phonology of French, German, Tonkawa and Yawelmani.'' Tübingen: Niemeyer. * Osgood, Cornelius; & Hoijer, Harry (Eds.). (1946). ''Linguistic structures of native America''. Viking fund publications in anthropology (No. 6). New York: The Viking Fund. (Reprinted 1963, 1965, 1967, & 1971, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.). * Pullum, Geoffrey. (1973). Yokuts bibliography: An addendum. ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', ''39'', 269-271. * Steriade, Donca. (1986). Yokuts and the vowel plane. ''Linguistic inquiry'', ''17'', 129-146.

References

External links

Valley Yokuts at California Language Archive
{{DEFAULTSORT:Valley Yokuts Yokutsan languages Extinct languages of North America Native American language revitalization