University of Central Lancashire
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, mottoeng = "From the Earth to the Sun" , established = as Institution for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
re-established 1992 (University status granted) , type =
Public In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociology, sociological concept of the ''Öf ...
, chancellor = Ranvir Singh , vice_chancellor = Graham Baldwin , students = () , undergrad = () , postgrad = () , city =
Preston Preston is a place name, surname and given name that may refer to: Places England *Preston, Lancashire, an urban settlement **The City of Preston, Lancashire, a borough and non-metropolitan district which contains the settlement **County Boro ...
(Main)
Burnley Burnley () is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England, with a 2001 population of 73,021. It is north of Manchester and east of Preston, at the confluence of the River Calder and River Br ...

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ...

Westlakes,
Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in North West England, bordering Scotland. The county and Cumbria County Council, its local government, came into existence in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. ...
, campus = Urban , former_names = Harris Art College, Preston Polytechnic, Lancashire Polytechnic , colours = , website = , logo = , logo_caption = , logo_size = , footnotes = , affiliations = University Alliance
Universities UK Universities UK (UUK) is an advocacy organisation for universities in the United Kingdom. It began life in the early 20th century through informal meetings of vice-chancellors of a number of universities and principals of university colleges and ...
, coor = , pushpin_map = United Kingdom Preston central The University of Central Lancashire (abbreviated UCLan) is a
public university A public university or public college is a university or college that is in owned by the state or receives significant public funds through a national or subnational government, as opposed to a private university. Whether a national universi ...
based in the city of
Preston Preston is a place name, surname and given name that may refer to: Places England *Preston, Lancashire, an urban settlement **The City of Preston, Lancashire, a borough and non-metropolitan district which contains the settlement **County Boro ...
,
Lancashire Lancashire ( , ; abbreviated Lancs) is the name of a historic county, ceremonial county, and non-metropolitan county in North West England. The boundaries of these three areas differ significantly. The non-metropolitan county of Lancas ...
, England. It has its roots in ''The Institution For The Diffusion Of Useful Knowledge'', founded in 1828. Subsequently, known as Harris Art College, then Preston Polytechnic, then Lancashire Polytechnic, in 1992 it was granted university status by the
Privy Council A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the mo ...
. The university is the 19th largest in the UK in terms of student numbers.


History

The Institution for the Diffusion of Knowledge was founded in 1828 by Joseph Livesey's Temperance Society. The society was born from a pledge made by seven Preston working men (whose names can be seen on a plaque in the university's library) to never again consume alcohol. The institute was housed in a classical-revivalist building on Cannon Street, before eventually expanding under the endowment of a local lawyer,
Edmund Robert Harris Edmund Robert Harris (c. 1804 – 27 May 1877) was a British lawyer from Preston, Lancashire who was the principal benefactor of the Harris Museum, Harris Institute or Art School, Harris Technical School and the Harris Orphanage. Harris was the ...
, who died in 1877. The expansion brought with it several new buildings and houses in the nearby Regent Street were purchased and demolished as a consequence. The institute became a regional centre for the arts and sciences. As part of
Queen Victoria Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901. Her reign of 63 years and 216 days was longer than that of any previ ...
's
Diamond Jubilee A diamond jubilee celebrates the 60th anniversary of a significant event related to a person (e.g. accession to the throne or wedding, among others) or the 60th anniversary of an institution's founding. The term is also used for 75th anniver ...
celebrations in 1897, the institute's trustees paid the Victorian/
Edwardian The Edwardian era or Edwardian period of British history spanned the reign of King Edward VII, 1901 to 1910 and is sometimes extended to the start of the First World War. The death of Queen Victoria in January 1901 marked the end of the Victori ...
architect Henry Cheers to design the "Victoria Jubilee Technical School" (later known as the Harris Institute and now known as the Harris Building), to be built on Corporation Street. The foundation stone was laid in July 1895. Its goal was to provide local youths with a technical education in all areas. The building was progressive for the period, being powered entirely by electricity. The institute existed in this state until 1932, when it changed its name to become the Harris Art College. It underwent further expansion and in 1952, and became the Harris College. In 1973, this became Preston Polytechnic, then the Lancashire Polytechnic in 1984. In 1992, full university status was awarded, and the University of Central Lancashire came into existence. The first chancellor of the university was Sir Francis Kennedy, and he was succeeded in 2001 by Sir Richard Evans. In 2016, Ranvir Singh became the new chancellor of the university. The journalism division, now part of the School of Journalism and Media, is one of the oldest in the country, opening as part of the Harris College in 1962. In 1991, it became one of the first to teach journalism undergraduate degrees, with a strong emphasis on practical work. In 2013, the School of Dentistry and the School of Postgraduate Medical and Dental Education merged to create the School of Medicine and Dentistry. The university sponsored the now-defunct
Wigan UTC University Technical College Wigan (or Wigan UTC) was a university technical college (UTC) sixth form that opened in Wigan, Greater Manchester, England in September 2013. Wigan UTC specialised in process engineering and environmental technologi ...
, a
university technical college A university technical college (UTC) is a type of specialist secondary school in England that is led by a sponsor university and has close ties to local business and industry. These university and industry partners support the curriculum developm ...
which opened in September 2013.


Campus

The university is on an urban campus in Preston, with sites in
Burnley Burnley () is a town and the administrative centre of the wider Borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England, with a 2001 population of 73,021. It is north of Manchester and east of Preston, at the confluence of the River Calder and River Br ...
and in Westlakes, West Cumbria (for nuclear and energy related research programmes). A campus in
Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ...
opened in October 2012. Livesey House is named after temperance activist Joseph Livesey. The university opened the new JB Firth building in September 2011, at a cost of £12.5m. It houses the School of Forensic and Applied Sciences, which includes subjects such as chemistry and forensic science. The new building has a 4,000 m2 teaching area, which includes six laboratories: two for chemistry undergraduate teaching, one for chemistry research, one analytical laboratory and two fire laboratories. The building was named after James Brierly Firth, a founder of forensic science in Britain. The Sir Tom Finney Sports Centre opened, replacing the Foster Sports Centre, in 2011. It is a purpose-built indoor facility on the main campus and offers Students' Union sports clubs, instructor-led classes and individual training. Sports membership (including gym) is free for most students and discounted for staff. Other key facilities include a £15m Media Factory with facilities for digital media and performing arts students, and a 'business incubator'. The £5.3 million Allen Building incorporates facilities for students in the School of Medicine and Dentistry. The university underwent a £200 million expansion programme, with several new buildings at the Preston main campus: * Social Spaces (open as of 2018). Two new social spaces, one located between the Harrington and Greenbank buildings and the other at the Foster building. These social spaces contain a range of relaxation space for students including; pool tables, table tennis tables and a bean bag area. * Engineering Innovation Centre (opened September 2019). A £32 million purpose built teaching and exhibition space. The building contains several specialist labs as well as four flight simulators. It provides an integrated space for teaching, research and direct links with industry. The EIC secured £10.5 million worth of funding via the Lancashire Enterprise Partnerships’ Growth Deal with the Government. The new facility has also received £5.8 million from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and £5 million from HEFCE's STEM Capital Fund. * Oasis: Faith and Spirituality Centre (open as of May 2018). Consisting of multiple faith rooms, counselling and event space as well as roof terrace, this multi faith centre is to replace the existing one located on St. Peter's Court. * Student Centre and New Square (opened in 2021). This £57 million project was built with the purpose of creating a new campus reception building, housing several student services, meeting rooms, office space, event venues and a rooftop garden. A new square was also built in front of the student centre. Both the new square and student centre were constructed partially on the existing Adelphi roundabout and on the land once occupied by the Fylde building.


Cyprus

UCLan Cyprus is a branch campus of the University of Central Lancashire situated in Pyla, Larnaka. The campus opened in 2012 and is licensed and registered as a university in
Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ...
. It is the only private British university in Cyprus. It accepts international students. UCLan Cyprus is the first University in Cyprus that has a
Moot Court Moot court is a co-curricular activity at many law schools. Participants take part in simulated court or arbitration proceedings, usually involving drafting memorials or memoranda and participating in oral argument. In most countries, the phrase " ...
for use by the School of Law students. UCLan Cyprus offers bachelor's degrees in business administration, advertising and marketing communications, accounting and finance, hospitality and tourism management, computing, mathematics, English language studies, law, web design and development, sport and exercise science and psychology. It offers master's degrees in business administration, business management, marketing management, education leadership, teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL) with applied linguistics, financial and commercial law, computing, cybersecurity, data analytics, sport & exercise science and forensic psychology.


Academic profile

The university has students and researchers from over 100 countries and partnerships with 125 international institutions. It has a base in China's Shenzhen Virtual University Park, conducting collaborative research with some of China's leading universities into nanotechnology with applications in drug delivery, water purification and fire toxicity. Within the School of Language and Global Studies, staff speak 30 languages and represent 22 nationalities. UCLan has 98 professors, over 600 research or knowledge transfer-active members of staff, and 763 research students. There are 246 Honorary Fellows of the university. The university has the following schools: * Centre for Collaborative Learning * Arts and Media * Business * Community Health and Midwifery * Dentistry * Engineering * Humanities, Language and Global Studies * Justice * Management * Medicine * Natural Sciences * Nursing * Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences * Psychology and Computing * Social Work, Care and Community * Sport and Health Sciences * Myerscough College (Associate School)


International developments

UCLan enrolls students from over 100 countries and has partnerships with 125 international institutions located across the world. Each year over 2,000 international students study at the university's Preston Campus. UCLan was the first modern university in the UK to be included in the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings. In 2013 QS awarded UCLan the full five stars for its approach to ‘Internationalisation’ with a proven track record for specialising in all aspects of international educational provision. UCLan has over 3,000 students enrolled offshore, across a diverse range of countries including China, Greece, India, Mauritius, Singapore and the United States. In 2012 the university opened UCLan Cyprus, a €53 million branch campus in Larnaka,
Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ...
. It is the only private British university in Cyprus. In 2013, following receipt of Chinese Ministry of Education approval and together with its partner Hebei University (HBU), the UCLan established the ‘Hebei/UCLan School of Media, Communication and Creative Industries’. Initially the joint School will have non-independent status, meaning that although it will be a separate entity from HBU it will be wholly owned by it. The School will have 800 students, recruiting 200 per year for the four-year duration of the programmes. The intention is to grow to 1,600 students and then to focus on a broader range of subjects, targeting science in the second wave. When successfully operating at the expanded level, the School will apply for independent campus status.


Rankings

UCLan is in the top 3.7% of universities worldwide according to The Centre for World University Rankings 2016 (CWUR). UCLan is in the top 800 universities globally according to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.


Film production

UCLAN is the only university in the UK to run a feature film module. Results of this course include The Collaborators (2015), Audax (2014), The Wedding (2013), Wraith (2012) and Needle In The Hay (2011).


Research

Research activity at UCLan includes working with NASA on solar dynamics, with the Department of Health on stroke research, with industry on digital media projects and collaboration with the Football Association, Professional Golfers Association and International Olympic Committee on sport and exercise science research.


Undergraduate research

UCLan has established one of the UK's largest paid undergraduate research internship schemes. Since the scheme launched in 2008, nearly 450 interns have worked directly alongside UCLan researchers on projects as diverse as digital publishing, wind power analysis, facial composite development and smart bandage exploration.


Autonomous systems research

In 2012, UCLAN announced a partnership with the BAE Systems, and four other north-western universities (
Liverpool Liverpool is a City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. With a population of in 2019, it is the List of English districts by population, 10th largest English district by population and its E ...
, Salford, Lancaster and
Manchester Manchester () is a city in Greater Manchester, England. It had a population of 552,000 in 2021. It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The ...
) in order to work on the Gamma Programme which aims to develop "autonomous systems". According to the University of Liverpool when referring to the programme, "autonomous systems are technology based solutions that replace humans in tasks that are mundane, dangerous and dirty, or detailed and precise, across sectors, including aerospace, nuclear, automotive and petrochemicals".


Student life


Students' Union

The nightclub and live music venue at the Students' Union, '53 Degrees', has two floors with a bar on each and occasionally hosts musical performers. Across two rooms, total capacities are 1,100 & 350 for club nights and 1,400 and 350 for all live gigs. The adjoining bar, 'Source', is open seven days a week during term times. '53 Degrees' is no longer owned by the Students' Union however Freshers' Week events are still run in the venue.


Sports

There are over 35 sports clubs run by the students’ union. Many have block bookings at the Sir Tom Finney Sports Centre and UCLan Sports Arena in term-time for training and matches. The sports clubs participate in British Universities and Colleges Sport competitions and have home and away fixtures. The university outdoor sport facilities can be found at UCLan Sports Arena (USA) which is located two miles away and was opened in 2000 by
The Princess Royal Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to their eldest daughter. Although purely honorary, it is the highest honour that may be given to a female member of the royal family. There have been sev ...
. The £12 million arena provides facilities for
rugby league Rugby league football, commonly known as just rugby league and sometimes football, footy, rugby or league, is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring 68 metres (75 yards) wide and 112 ...
,
rugby union Rugby union, commonly known simply as rugby, is a close-contact team sport that originated at Rugby School in the first half of the 19th century. One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand. In it ...
,
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball to score a goal. Unqualified, the word ''football'' normally means the form of football that is the most popular where the word is used. Sports commonly ...
(five grass pitches), hockey (two floodlit all-weather pitches),
netball Netball is a ball sport played on a court by two teams of seven players. It is among a rare number of sports which have been created exclusively for female competitors. The sport is played on indoor and outdoor netball courts and is specifical ...
, tennis (four floodlit courts), and cycling ( circuit), as well as an eight-lane athletics area, equipped for school, club, and county competitions. The university's Motor Sports Engineering and Operations students run a motor racing team, UCLAN Racing.


Media

''The Pulse'' is the student newspaper. It is six times a year, and began in 1985 as the ''Ribble Echo'' and then was named ''Pluto'' until June 2016. It is now printed in tabloid format with colour photography. The newspaper published its first edition on 12 September 2016. ''Pulse Radio'' is the student radio station which is located on the ground floor of the Students' Union building. It was founded in 1999 as ''Frequency Radio'' and is currently broadcasting during term time. The new radio station started broadcasting on 12 September 2016. ''Pulse Radio'' is the student television station which is located on the ground floor of the Students' Union building. The station covers news, entertainment, and documentaries.


Notable people


Alumni

* Estelle Asmodelle, Australian model and activist *
Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu Ekin-Su Cülcüloğlu (; born 21 August 1994) is a British actress, model and television personality of Turkish origin. After portraying the role of Isil in the Turkish soap opera ''Kuzey Yıldızı İlk Aşk'' in 2022, she won the eighth seri ...
, Turkish actress, singer, model and television personality *
Waqar Azmi Waqar Azmi is listed in the world's 500 most influential Muslims by Georgetown University, as well as the Asian power 100 list of the most influential Asians in the UK and, the Muslim power 100 List of the most influential Muslims in the UK. H ...
, EU Ambassador and former Chief Diversity Adviser to the Prime Minister, Cabinet Office *
Jim Bamber Jim Bamber (1948 – 20 June 2014) was a British artist and editorial cartoonist specialising in motorsport, who is best known for his motor racing related caricatures which incorporate his distinctive driver designs, that adorned every issue of '' ...
, illustrator for
Autosport ''Autosport'' is a global motorsport publishing brand headquartered based in Richmond, London. It was established in 1950 at the same time as the origins of the Formula One World Championship. Autosport began life as a weekly magazine in 1950 ...
(Preston College of Art) *
Polly Billington Polly Billington (born 1967) is a former BBC journalist who worked on the '' Today'' programme before becoming a special advisor to Ed Miliband. She was the media director for his successful bid in the 2010 Labour leadership election. Billingt ...
, journalist and special adviser to
Ed Miliband Edward Samuel "Ed" Miliband (born 24 December 1969) is a British politician serving as Shadow Secretary of State for Climate Change and Net Zero since 2021. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Doncaster North since 2005. Miliba ...
*
Isioma Daniel Isioma Nkemdilim Nkiruka Daniel (born 1981) is a Nigerian journalist whose 2002 newspaper article comment involving the Islamic prophet Muhammad sparked the Miss World riots and caused a fatwa to be issued on her life. She ultimately had to flee t ...
, journalist * Victoria Derbyshire, broadcaster on BBC Radio Five Live *
Reni Eddo-Lodge Reni Eddo-Lodge (born 25 September 1989) is a British journalist and author, whose writing primarily focuses on feminism and exposing structural racism. She has written for a range of publications, including ''The New York Times'', ''The Guard ...
, journalist and author of '' Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race'' * Mary Fitzpatrick, photographer, visual artist Liverpool Art Prize * Richard Frediani, Editor of
BBC Breakfast ''BBC Breakfast'' is the BBC television breakfast news programme. Produced by BBC News, the programme is broadcast on BBC One and the BBC News channel. The simulcast is presented live, originally from the BBC Television Centre, London before ...
* Andy Goldsworthy, visual artist * Nina Hossain,
ITV News ITV News is the branding of news programmes on the British television network ITV. ITV has a long tradition of television news. Independent Television News (ITN) was founded to provide news bulletins for the network in 1955, and has since con ...
broadcaster * Simon Kelner, former editor of ''
The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publish ...
'' * Sarah Ann Kennedy, British voice actress * Carl Lygo, Vice-Chancellor,
BPP University BPP University is a private university in the United Kingdom. History Name The university takes its name from the founders Alan Brierley, Richard Price and Charles Prior, who in 1975 set up Brierley Price Prior to train accountancy students. ...
* Lee Mavers, founding member of Liverpool band The La's * Adam McClean,
BBC Breakfast ''BBC Breakfast'' is the BBC television breakfast news programme. Produced by BBC News, the programme is broadcast on BBC One and the BBC News channel. The simulcast is presented live, originally from the BBC Television Centre, London before ...
and
BBC News BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world. The department is the world's largest broadc ...
journalist * Paul Nuttall, UKIP MEP * Ian Payne, Sky sports broadcaster * Brent Sadler, CNN correspondent * Andrew Shie, Assistant
Bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ...
of the
Anglican Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that has developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the context of the Protestant Reformation in Europe. It is one of t ...
Diocese of Kuching (
Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sarawak is located in northwest Borneo Island, and is bordered by the Malaysian state of Sabah to the northeast, ...
and
Brunei Darussalam Brunei ( , ), formally Brunei Darussalam ( ms, Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi: , ), is a country located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia. Apart from its South China Sea coast, it is completely surrounded by t ...
), first Anglican Bishop from Brunei *
Gemma Hallett Gemma Hallett (born 24 August 1981) is a Welsh rugby union retired professional player who has played second row and number 8, earning 35 caps for Wales. Hallett started her international career making her appearance in the Welsh Students squad ...
, International Rugby Player and Entrepreneur * Ranvir Singh, BBC Radio Five Live and television presenter *
Donald Stokes, Baron Stokes Donald Gresham Stokes, Baron Stokes (22 March 1914 – 21 July 2008) was an English industrialist. He was the head of British Leyland Motor Corporation Ltd (BLMC) from 1968 to 1975. Life and career Stokes was born in Plymouth, and educate ...
, industrialist and life peer * Mike Sutton, originator of the Market Reduction Approach *
Bryan Talbot Bryan Talbot (born 24 February 1952) is a British comics artist and writer, best known as the creator of ''The Adventures of Luther Arkwright'' and its sequel ''Heart of Empire'', as well as the ''Grandville'' series of books. He collaborated ...
, award-winning comic book artist and writer * Mark Tattersall, television presenter ''Granada Reports'' * Don Warrington, actor * William Watt, 2010 Digital Journalist of the Year *
Kerry Wilkinson Kerry Wilkinson (born 4 November 1980) is a British author and sports journalist born in Bath, Somerset. In 2018, his book ''Ten Birthdays'' won the Romantic Novelists' Association award for Young Adult Novel of the Year. Along with Marius Gabr ...
, UK number one bestselling author * Angela Wakefield British fine artist


Academics

* Dame Susan Bailey, Professor of Child Mental Health since 2004 * Warwick Fox, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy * Duncan Glen, former lecturer in graphic design * Stanley Henig, former head of the Department of Politics and European Studies * Lubaina Himid, Professor of Contemporary Art, 2017
Turner Prize The Turner Prize, named after the English painter J. M. W. Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual artist. Between 1991 and 2016, only artists under the age of 50 were eligible (this restriction was removed for the 2017 award). ...
winner * Christine King, former head of the School of Historical and Critical Studies and Dean of the Faculty of Arts * Ewa Mazierska, Professor in Contemporary Cinema since 2008 *
Ewan McKendrick Ewan Gordon McKendrick (born 1960) is Professor of English Private Law at the University of Oxford. He is known for his academic work on the law of contract, as well as publications in the law of unjust enrichment and commercial law. Life McKend ...
, former lecturer in law * David Andrew Phoenix, Deputy Vice-Chancellor from 2008 to 2013 * Rex Pope, former head of the School of Historical and Critical Studies *
Michael Thomas Michael or Mike Thomas may refer to: Entertainment * Michael M. Thomas (born 1936), American novelist of financial thrillers * Michael Tilson Thomas (born 1944), American conductor, pianist, and composer * Michael Thomas (actor) (1952–2019), B ...
, Professor of Higher Education and Online Learning * John K. Walton, former professor of social history * Laurence Williams, Professor of Nuclear Safety and Regulation from 2010 to 2014


See also

* Armorial of UK universities *
List of universities in the UK This is a list of universities in the United Kingdom (alphabetical by substantive name). Below that are lists of university colleges and other recognised bodies (institutions with degree awarding powers), followed by a list of defunct institution ...
* Post-1992 universities


References


External links


University of Central Lancashire website

UCLan Students' Union website
{{authority control Buildings and structures in Preston Education in Preston Educational institutions established in 1828 1828 establishments in England Central Lancashire Central Lancashire