Umberto Boccioni (, ; 19 October 1882 – 17 August 1916) was an influential Italian painter and sculptor. He helped shape the revolutionary aesthetic of the

Futurism Futurism ( it, Futurismo, link=no) was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy, and to a lesser extent in other countries, in the early 20th century. It emphasized dynamism, speed, technology, youth, violence, and objects suc ...

movement as one of its principal figures. Despite his short life, his approach to the dynamism of form and the deconstruction of solid mass guided artists long after his death. His works are held by many public art museums, and in 1988 the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 1000 ...

in New York City organized a major retrospective of 100 pieces.

Biography

Umberto Boccioni was born on 19 October 1882 in

Reggio Calabria Reggio di Calabria ( scn, label= Southern Calabrian, Riggiu; el, label= Calabrian Greek, Ρήγι, Rìji), usually referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the largest city in Calabria. It has an estimated popul ...

. His father was a minor government employee, originally from the

Romagna Romagna ( rgn, Rumâgna) is an Italian historical region that approximately corresponds to the south-eastern portion of present-day Emilia-Romagna, North Italy. Traditionally, it is limited by the Apennines to the south-west, the Adriatic to th ...

region in the north, and his job included frequent reassignments throughout Italy. The family soon relocated further north, and Umberto and his older sister Amelia grew up in

Forlì Forlì ( , ; rgn, Furlè ; la, Forum Livii) is a '' comune'' (municipality) and city in Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy, and is the capital of the province of Forlì-Cesena. It is the central city of Romagna. The city is situated along the Vi ...

(

Emilia-Romagna egl, Emigliàn (man) egl, Emiglièna (woman) rgn, Rumagnòl (man) rgn, Rumagnòla (woman) it, Emiliano (man) it, Emiliana (woman) or it, Romagnolo (man) it, Romagnola (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title ...

Genoa Genoa ( ; it, Genova ; lij, Zêna ). is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy. In 2015, 594,733 people lived within the city's administrative limits. As of the 2011 Italian census, the Province of ...

and finally

Padua Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the ...

. At the age of 15, in 1897, Umberto and his father moved to Catania, Sicily, where he would finish school. Some time after 1898, he moved to Rome and studied art at the Scuola Libera del Nudo of the

Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma The Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma is a public tertiary academy of art in Rome, Italy. It was founded in the sixteenth century, but the present institution dates from the time of the unification of Italy and the capture of Rome by the Kingdom ...

. He also studied under the

Liberty style Liberty style ( it, Stile Liberty) was the Italian variant of Art Nouveau, which flourished between about 1890 and 1914. It was also sometimes known as ''stile floreale'', ''arte nuova'', or ''stile moderno''. It took its name from Arthur Lasenby ...

poster artist Giovanni Mataloni. The little known about his years in Rome is found in the autobiography of his friend Gino Severini (1883–1966), who recalled their meeting in 1901 and mutual interest in

Nietzsche Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (; or ; 15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher, prose poet, cultural critic, philologist, and composer whose work has exerted a profound influence on contemporary philosophy. He began his car ...

, rebellion, life experiences and socialism. Boccioni's writings at this time already express the combination of outrage and irony that would become a lifelong characteristic. His critical and rebellious nature, and overall intellectual ability, would contribute substantially to the development of the

movement. After building a foundation of skills, having studied the classics through Impressionism, both he and Severini became students of

Giacomo Balla Giacomo Balla (18 July 1871 – 1 March 1958) was an Italian painter, art teacher and poet best known as a key proponent of Futurism. In his paintings he depicted light, movement and speed. He was concerned with expressing movement in his works, ...

(1871–1958), a painter focusing on the modern Divisionist technique, painting with divided rather than mixed color and breaking the painted surface into a field of stippled dots and stripes. Severini wrote "It was a great stroke of luck for us to meet such a man, whose direction was decisive of all our careers." In 1906, he briefly moved to Paris, where he studied

Impressionist Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passag ...

and

Post-Impressionist Post-Impressionism (also spelled Postimpressionism) was a predominantly French art movement that developed roughly between 1886 and 1905, from the last Impressionist exhibition to the birth of Fauvism. Post-Impressionism emerged as a reaction ag ...

styles, before visiting Russia for three months, getting a first-hand view of the civil unrest and governmental crackdowns. Returning to Italy in 1907, he briefly took drawing classes at the Accademia di Belle Arti of Venice. He had first visited the Famiglia Artistica, a society for artists in

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...

, in 1901. As he travelled from one city to the other, in parallel with his most ground-breaking artistic endeavours, he worked as a commercial illustrator. Between 1904 and 1909 he provided lithographs and gouache paintings to internationally renowned publishing houses, such as Berlin-based Stiefbold & Co. Boccioni's production in this field shows his awareness of contemporary European illustration, such as the work of

Cecil Aldin Cecil Charles Windsor Aldin (28 April 1870 – 6 January 1935), was a British artist and illustrator best known for his paintings and sketches of animals, sports, and rural life. Aldin executed village scenes and rural buildings in chalk, pencil ...

, Harry Eliott, Henri Cassiers and Albert Beerts, and attests to his information of contemporary trends in the visual arts more in general. Boccioni moved to Milan in 1907. There, early in 1908, he met the Divisionist painter

Gaetano Previati Gaetano Previati (1852 – 1920) was an Italian Symbolist painter in the Divisionist style. Biography Previati was born in Ferrara. He relocated to Milan in 1876 and enrolled at the Brera Academy of Fine Arts, studying under Giuseppe Bertini, G ...

. In early 1910 he met

Filippo Tommaso Marinetti Filippo Tommaso Emilio Marinetti (; 22 December 1876 – 2 December 1944) was an Italian poet, editor, art theorist, and founder of the Futurist movement. He was associated with the utopian and Symbolist artistic and literary community Abbaye d ...

, who had already published his '' Manifesto del Futurismo'' ("Manifesto of Futurism") in the previous year. On 11 February 1910 Boccioni, with Balla,

Carlo Carrà Carlo Carrà (; February 11, 1881 – April 13, 1966) was an Italian painter and a leading figure of the Futurist movement that flourished in Italy during the beginning of the 20th century. In addition to his many paintings, he wrote a number ...

, Luigi Russolo and Severini, signed the ''Manifesto dei pittori futuristi'' ("Manifesto of Futurist painters"), and on 8 March he read the manifesto at the Politeama Chiarella theatre in Turin. Boccioni became the main theorist of the

artistic movement An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a specific period of time, (usually a few months, years or decades) or, at least, with the heyday of the movement defi ...

. "Only when Boccioni, Balla, Severini and a few other Futurists traveled to Paris toward the end of 1911 and saw what Braque and Picasso had been doing did the movement begin to take real shape." He also decided to be a sculptor after he visited various studios in Paris, in 1912, including those of

Georges Braque Georges Braque ( , ; 13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most notable contributions were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1905, and the role he play ...

Alexander Archipenko Alexander Porfyrovych Archipenko (also referred to as Olexandr, Oleksandr, or Aleksandr; uk, Олександр Порфирович Архипенко, Romanized: Olexandr Porfyrovych Arkhypenko; February 25, 1964) was a Ukrainian and American ...

Constantin Brâncuși Constantin Brâncuși (; February 19, 1876 – March 16, 1957) was a Romanian sculptor, painter and photographer who made his career in France. Considered one of the most influential sculptors of the 20th-century and a pioneer of modernism, ...

Raymond Duchamp-Villon Raymond Duchamp-Villon (5 November 1876 – 9 October 1918) was a French sculptor. Life and art Duchamp-Villon was born Pierre-Maurice-Raymond Duchamp in Damville, Eure, in the Normandy region of France, the second son of Eugène and Lucie Duch ...

, August Agero and, probably,

Medardo Rosso Medardo Rosso (; 21 June 1858 – 31 March 1928) was an Italian sculptor. He is considered, like his contemporary and admirer Auguste Rodin, to be an artist working in a post-Impressionist style. Biography and works Rosso was born in Turin, whe ...

. In 1912 he exhibited some paintings together with other Italian futurists at the Galerie

Bernheim-Jeune Bernheim-Jeune gallery is one of the oldest art galleries in Paris. Opened on Rue Laffitte in 1863 by Alexandre Bernheim (1839-1915), friend of Delacroix, Corot and Courbet, it changed location a few times before settling on Avenue Matignon. Th ...

, and the following year returned to show his sculptures at the Galerie La Boétie: all related to the elaboration of what Boccioni had seen in Paris, where he had visited the studios of Cubist sculptors, including those of

and

to further his knowledge of avant-garde sculpture. Umberto Boccioni, 1913, Synthèse du dynamisme humain (Synthesis of Human Dynamism), location unknown, destroyed

Umberto Boccioni, 1913, Synthèse du dynamisme humain (Synthesis of Human Dynamism), location unknown, destroyed

In 1914 he published ''Pittura e scultura futuriste (dinamismo plastico)'' explaining the

aesthetics Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of beauty and taste, as well as the philosophy of art (its own area of philosophy that comes out of aesthetics). It examines aesthetic values, often expressed t ...

of the group:

"While the impressionists paint a picture to give one particular moment and subordinate the life of the picture to its resemblance to this moment, we synthesize every moment (time, place, form, color-tone) and thus paint the picture.''

He exhibited in London, together with the group, in 1912 (

Sackville Gallery The Sackville Gallery was an art gallery at 28 Sackville Street, London, Sackville Street, London, best known for hosting the exhibition of Futurism, Futurist art in 1912. The gallery opened in May 1908.Pezzini, Barbara"London: an avant-garde sh ...

) and 1914 (Doré Gallery): the two exhibitions made a deep impression on a number of young English artists, in particular C.R.W. Nevinson, who joined the movement. Others aligned themselves instead to its British equivalent,

Vorticism Vorticism was a London-based modernist art movement formed in 1914 by the writer and artist Wyndham Lewis. The movement was partially inspired by Cubism and was introduced to the public by means of the publication of the Vorticist manifesto in ...

, led by

Wyndham Lewis Percy Wyndham Lewis (18 November 1882 – 7 March 1957) was a British writer, painter and critic. He was a co-founder of the Vorticist movement in art and edited ''BLAST,'' the literary magazine of the Vorticists. His novels include ''Tarr'' ( ...

"Boccioni's gift was to bring a fresh eye to reality in ways that, we now recognise, defined the nature of the modern movement in the visual arts and literature, too." --Michael Glover (art critic, ''
The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publish ...
'')

Military service and death

Italian involvement in the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

began late in May 1915 with Italy's declaration of war on Austro-Hungary. The "Lombard Battalion Volunteers Cyclists and Motorists", which Boccioni was part of, set off in early June from Milan to

Gallarate Gallarate (; Lombard: ''Galaraa'') is a city and '' comune'' of Alto Milanese of Lombardy and of Milan metropolitan area, northern Italy, in the Province of Varese. It has a population of some 54,000 people. It is the junction of railways t ...

, then on to

Peschiera del Garda Peschiera del Garda (; vec, Pischera; la, Ardelica, ''Arilica'') is a town and '' comune'' in the province of Verona, in Veneto, Italy. When Lombardy-Venetia was under Austrian rule, Peschiera was the northwest anchor of the four fortified ...

, in the rear of the

Trentino Trentino ( lld, Trentin), officially the Autonomous Province of Trento, is an autonomous province of Italy, in the country's far north. The Trentino and South Tyrol constitute the region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, an autonomous region ...

front. In July 1915, the volunteers were intended for a sector of the front around Ala and the Gardesana. On 24 October 1915, Boccioni participated in the battle of Dosso Casina. On December 1 1915 the battalion was dissolved as part of a general reorganization; the volunteers were laid off temporarily, then each was called up along with the class. In May 1916 Boccioni was drafted into the

Italian Army "The safeguard of the republic shall be the supreme law" , colors = , colors_labels = , march = ''Parata d'Eroi'' ("Heroes's parade") by Francesco Pellegrino, ''4 Maggio'' (May 4) ...

, and was assigned to an artillery regiment at Sorte of Chievo, near

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...

. On 16 August 1916, he was thrown from his horse during a cavalry training exercise and was trampled. He died the following day, age thirty-three, at Verona Military Hospital, and he was buried in the Monumental Cemetery of that city. Cimitero monumentale di verona, tomba di umberto boccioni, 1916, 04.jpg, The tomb in Verona File:Headstone_Umberto_Boccioni_Chievo.jpg, A memorial where Boccioni was fatally injured in Sorte of Chievo

Works

Umberto Boccioni, 1909-10, Three Women (Tre donne)

Early portraits and landscapes

From 1902 to 1910, Boccioni focused initially on drawings, then sketched and painted portraits – with his mother as a frequent model. He also painted landscapes – often including the arrival of industrialization, trains and factories for example. During this period, he weaves between

Pointillism Pointillism (, ) is a technique of painting in which small, distinct dots of color are applied in patterns to form an image. Georges Seurat and Paul Signac developed the technique in 1886, branching from Impressionism. The term "Pointillism" ...

and

Impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passa ...

, and the influence of Giacomo Balla, and

Divisionism Divisionism, also called chromoluminarism, was the characteristic style in Neo-Impressionist painting defined by the separation of colors into individual dots or patches which interacted optically..Homer, William I. ''Seurat and the Science of ...

techniques are evident in early paintings (although later largely abandoned). ''The Morning'' (1909) was noted for "the bold and youthful violence of hues" and as "a daring exercise in luminosity." His 1909–10 ''Three Women'', which portrays his mother and sister, and longtime lover Ines at center, was cited as expressing great emotion – strength, melancholy and love.

Development of Futurism

Boccioni worked for nearly a year on ''La città sale'' or ''

The City Rises ''The City Rises'' (''La città che sale'') (1910) is a painting by the Italian painter Umberto Boccioni. It was his first major Futurist work. Background The original title of the painting was ''Il lavoro'' (''Work''), as it appeared at the '' ...

'', 1910, a huge (2m by 3m) painting, which is considered his turning point into Futurism. "I attempted a great synthesis of labor, light and movement" he wrote to a friend. Upon its exhibition in

in May 1911, the painting attracted numerous reviews, mostly admiring. By 1912 it had become a headline painting for the exhibition traveling Europe, the introduction to Futurism. It was sold to the great pianist,

Ferruccio Busoni Ferruccio Busoni (1 April 1866 – 27 July 1924) was an Italian composer, pianist, conductor, editor, writer, and teacher. His international career and reputation led him to work closely with many of the leading musicians, artists and literary ...

for 4,000 lire that year, and today is frequently on prominent display at the

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of t ...

in New York, at the entrance to the paintings department. Umberto Boccioni - Laughter

''La risata'' (1911, ''The Laugh'') is considered Boccioni's first truly Futurist work. He had fully parted with Divisionism, and now focused on the sensations derived from his observation of modern life. Its public reception was quite negative, compared unfavorably with '' Three Women'', and it was defaced by a visitor, running his fingers through the still fresh paint. Subsequent criticism became more positive, with some considering the painting a response to Cubism. It was purchased by Albert Borchardt, a German collector who acquired 20 Futurist works exhibited in

Berlin Berlin ( , ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. One of Germany's sixteen constitu ...

, including ''

The Street Enters the House ''The Street Enters the House'' (''La Strada Entra Nella Casa'') is an oil on canvas painting by Italian artist Umberto Boccioni. Painted in the Futurism, Futurist style, the work centres on a woman on a balcony in front of a busy street, with th ...

'' (1911) which depicts a woman on a balcony overlooking a busy street. Today the former also is owned by the Museum of Modern Art, and the latter by the

Sprengel Museum Sprengel Museum is a museum of modern art in Hanover, Lower Saxony, holding one of the most significant collections of modern art in Germany. It is located in a building situated adjacent to the Masch Lake (german: Maschsee) approximately south ...

Hanover Hanover (; german: Hannover ; nds, Hannober) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony. Its 535,932 (2021) inhabitants make it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in Northern Germany ...

States of Mind- The Farewells by Umberto Boccioni, 1911

Boccioni spent much of 1911 working on a trilogy of paintings titled "''Stati d'animo''" ("''States of Mind''"), which he said expressed departure and arrival at a railroad station – ''The Farewells'', ''Those Who Go'', and ''Those Who Stay''. All three paintings were originally purchased by Marinetti, until

Nelson Rockefeller Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979), sometimes referred to by his nickname Rocky, was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. A member of t ...

acquired them from his widow and later donated them to the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Umberto Boccioni, 1912, Elasticity (Elasticità), oil on canvas, 100 x 100 cm, Museo del Novecento

Umberto Boccioni, 1912, Elasticity (Elasticità), oil on canvas, 100 x 100 cm, Museo del Novecento

Ritratto di Busoni, 1916 (Roberto Biccioni)

Beginning in 1912, with ''Elasticità'' or ''Elasticity'', depicting the pure energy of a horse, captured with intense chromaticism, he completed a series of Dynamist paintings: ''Dinamismo di un corpo umano'' (''Human Body''), '' ciclista'' (''Cyclist''), ''Foot-baller'', and by 1914 ''Dinamismo plastico: cavallo + caseggiato'' (''Plastic Dynamism: Horse + Houses''). While continuing this focus, he revived his previous interest in portraiture. Beginning with ''L'antigrazioso'' (''The antigraceful'') in 1912 and continuing with ''I selciatori'' (''The Street Pavers'') and ''Il bevitore'' (''The Drinker'') both in 1914. In 1914 Boccioni published his book, ''Pittura, scultura futuriste'' (''Futurist Painting and Sculpture''), which caused a rift between himself and some of his Futurist comrades. As a result, perhaps, he abandoned his exploration of Dynamism, and instead sought further decomposition of a subject by means of colour. With ''Horizontal Volumes'' in 1915 and the ''Portrait of

'' in 1916, he completed a full return to figurative painting. Perhaps fittingly, this last painting was a portrait of the maestro who purchased his first Futurist work, ''

''.

Sculpture

The writing of his (''Technical manifesto of Futurist sculpture''), published on 11 April 1912, was Boccioni's intellectual and physical launch into sculpture; he had begun working in sculpture in the previous year. By the end of 1913 he had completed what is considered his masterpiece, ''Forme uniche della continuità nello spazio'' (''

Unique Forms of Continuity in Space ''Unique Forms of Continuity in Space'' ( it, Forme uniche della continuità nello spazio) is a 1913 bronze Futurist sculpture by Umberto Boccioni. It is seen as an expression of movement and fluidity. The sculpture is depicted on the obverse of ...

''), in wax. His goal for the work was to depict a "synthetic continuity" of motion, instead of an "analytical discontinuity" that he saw in such artists as

František Kupka František Kupka (23 September 1871 – 24 June 1957), also known as ''Frank Kupka'' or ''François Kupka,'' was a Czech Republic, Czech Painting, painter and graphic artist. He was a pioneer and co-founder of the early phases of the Abstract ...

and

Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, , ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, and conceptual art. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso ...

. During his life, the work only existed as a plaster cast. It was first cast in bronze in 1931. This sculpture has been the subject of extensive commentary, and in 1998 it was selected as the image to be engraved on the back of the Italian 20-cent euro coin. Soon after Boccioni's death in 1916 (and after a memorial exhibition was held in Milan), his family entrusted them for an impermanent time to a fellow sculptor, Piero da Verona; da Verona then requested that his assistant place them in the local rubbish-dump. Marinetti's outraged account of the destruction of the sculptures was slightly different; in his memoirs, he stated that the sculptures were destroyed by workmen to clear the room the "envious passèist narrow-minded sculptor" had placed them.Quoted by the Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art (@Estorick) on

Twitter Twitter is an online social media and social networking service owned and operated by American company Twitter, Inc., on which users post and interact with 280-character-long messages known as "tweets". Registered users can post, like, and ...

, 20 December 2019
FT Marinetti recalled the destruction of Boccioni’s sculptures in his memoirs: "Absurdly entrusted to an envious passèist narrow-minded sculptor they were ripped apart by the workmen anxious to clear out a profitable part of the building and all is ended"
Accessed 3 January 2020. Thus, much of his experimental work from late 1912 to 1913 was destroyed, including pieces relating to contemporaneous paintings, which are known only through photographs. One of the few surviving pieces is the '' Antigrazioso'' (''Anti-Graceful'', also called ''The Mother''). In 2019, the

Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art The Estorick Collection of Modern Italian Art is a museum in Canonbury Square in the district of Islington on the northern fringes of central London. It is the United Kingdom's only gallery devoted to modern Italian art and is a registered c ...

held an exhibition reconstructing several of the destroyed sculptures.

Publications

*Article –
Manifesto dei pittori futuristi
', 1910 (Manifesto of Futurist Painters) *Article – ''Manifesto of Futurist Sculpture'', April 1912 *Article – ''The Plastic Foundation of Futurist Sculpture and Painting'', in Lacerba, March 1913 issue *Article – ''Esposizione di scultura futurista del pittore e scultore futurista'', 1913 *Article – ''Manifesto tecnico della scultura futurista'', 1914 *Book – ''Pittura, scultura futuriste'' (Futurist painting and sculpture), 1914

Exhibitions

, 2019 – Umberto Boccioni: Recreating the Lost Sculptures *

, 2009 – Centenary of Marinetti's Futurist Manifesto, with 20 works *

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It is the permanent home of a continuously exp ...

, 2004 – Exhibition centered on ''Materia'', with 23 other works. *

, New York, 1988 – Major Retrospective :Retrospective catalogue: ''Umberto Boccioni'', by Ester Coen, 272pp, 1988 *

Castelvecchio Museum Castelvecchio Museum (Italian: Museo Civico di Castelvecchio) is a museum in Verona, northern Italy, located in the eponymous medieval castle. Restoration by the architect Carlo Scarpa between 1959 and 1973 has enhanced the appearance of the bui ...

Verona, 1985–1986 &

Pinacoteca di Brera The Pinacoteca di Brera ("Brera Art Gallery") is the main public gallery for paintings in Milan, Italy. It contains one of the foremost collections of Italian paintings from the 13th to the 20th century, an outgrowth of the cultural program of ...

Milan, 1986 & San Stae Venice, 1986 – ''Boccioni a Venezia'' * Palazzo Reale di Milano, 1982–1983 & Kunstmuseum, Hanover, 1983 – ''Boccioni a Milano'' * Palazzo Reale di Milano, 1973–1974 – ''Boccioni e il suo tempo''

Gallery

File:Umberto-Boccioni.jpg, Umberto Boccioni self-portrait (1905) File:'States of Mind III; Those Who Stay', oil on canvas painting by Umberto Boccioni, 1911.jpg, ''States of Mind III; Those Who Stay'', 1911,

, New York File:Modern Idol by Umberto Boccioni, 1911 Estorick Collection.jpeg, ''Modern Idol'', 1911,

Islington Islington () is a district in the north of Greater London, England, and part of the London Borough of Islington. It is a mainly residential district of Inner London, extending from Islington's High Street to Highbury Fields, encompassing the ...

, London File:Umberto Boccioni, 1911, The Street Enters the House, oil on canvas, 100 x 100.6 cm, Sprengel Museum.jpg, ''

'', 1911, Sprengel-Museum,

File:Umberto Boccioni, 1912, Head + House + Light, sculpture destroyed.jpg, ''Head + House + Light'', 1912, sculpture destroyed File:Umberto Boccioni, Visioni simultanee (Simultanvisionen), oil on canvas, 60.5 × 60.5 cm, Von der Heydt Museum.jpg, ''Visioni simultanee'', 1912, Von Der Heydt Museum,

Wuppertal Wuppertal (; "''Wupper Dale''") is, with a population of approximately 355,000, the seventh-largest city in North Rhine-Westphalia as well as the 17th-largest city of Germany. It was founded in 1929 by the merger of the cities and tow ...

File:L'antigrazioso by Umberto Boccioni, 1912.jpeg, ''L'antigrazioso'', 1912, private collection File:Dynamism of a Man's Head by Umberto Boccioni, 1913.jpeg, ''Dynamism of a Man's Head'', 1913, private collection File:WLA moma Umberto Boccioni Dynamism of a Soccer Player 1913.jpg, '' Dynamism of a Soccer Player'',

, New York File:'Development of a Bottle in Space', bronze sculpture by Umberto Boccioni, 1913, Metropolitan Museum of Art.jpg, '' Development of a Bottle in Space'', 1913,

File:Umberto Boccioni - Charge of the Lancers.jpg, ''Charge of the Lancers'', 1915, Collection of Riccardo and Magda Jucker,

File:GUGG Dynamism of a Speeding Horse + Houses.jpg, '' Dynamism of a Speeding Horse + Houses (Dinamismo di un cavallo in corsa + case)'', 1915 File:Horizontal Volumes by Umberto Boccioni, 1912.jpg, ''Horizontal Volumes'', 1915,

References

External links

* Umberto Boccioni papers, 1899–1986.

Getty Research Institute The Getty Research Institute (GRI), located at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, California, is "dedicated to furthering knowledge and advancing understanding of the visual arts".

, Research Library. Los Angeles, California. * – Exhibition catalog (15 September 1988, to 8 January 1989) {{DEFAULTSORT:Boccioni, Umberto Italian Futurist painters Futurist sculptors 1882 births 1916 deaths Divisionist painters Italian male painters Italian male sculptors Italian military personnel killed in World War I Deaths by horse-riding accident in Italy People from Reggio Calabria 20th-century Italian painters 20th-century Italian sculptors 20th-century Italian male artists