Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-lar ...

Dhatki Dhatki (धाटकी; ڍاٽڪي), also known as Dhatti (धाटी; ڍاٽي) or Thari (थारी; ٿَري), is one of the Rajasthani languages of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Dhatki is closely related ...

Rajasthani languages Rajasthani (Devanagari: ) refers to a group of Indo-Aryan languages and dialects spoken primarily in the state of Rajasthan and adjacent areas of Haryana, Gujarat, and Madhya Pradesh in India. There are also speakers in the Pakistani provinces ...

Indo-Aryan language The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family. As of the early 21st century, they have more than 800 million speakers, primarily concentrated in India, Pa ...

Urdu Urdu (;"Urdu"
'' Punjabi are also understood by the citizens.

Etymology

The name of the city is named after a local Ruler of Sindh Umer Soomro of the

Umar Marvi Umar Marvi or Marui ( sd, عمر مارئي, ur, ), is a folktale from Sindh, Pakistan about a village girl Marvi Maraich, who resists the overtures of a powerful King and the temptation to live in the palace as a queen, preferring to be in simpl ...

story which also appears in ''

Shah Jo Risalo ''Shah Jo Risalo'' ( sd, شاھ جو رسالو) is a poetic compendium of famous Sindhi Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. In fact, it is many compendia, for Shah Abdul Latif's poetry in various forms of bayt and wai was compiled by many of hi ...

'' and is one of the popular tragic romances from Sindh. However, the myth of Umer Marvi is believed to have been made up to islamise the history of Amarkot which was named after its original founder, Amar Singh.

History

Amarkot province was ruled by the Sodha Rajput clan of

Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...

Rajput Rajput (from Sanskrit ''raja-putra'' 'son of a king') is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent. The term Ra ...

s during the medieval time period. Rana Parshad, the Sodha Rajput ruler of Umarkot, gave refuge to

Humayun Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad ( fa, ) (; 6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), better known by his regnal name, Humāyūn; (), was the second emperor of the Mughal Empire, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, Northe ...

, the second Mughal Emperor when he was ousted by

Sher Shah Suri Sher Shah Suri ( ps, شیرشاه سوری) (1472, or 1486 – 22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān ( ps, فرید خان) , was the founder of the Sur Empire in India, with its capital in Sasaram in modern-day Bihar. He standardized the silver coin ...

, and next Mughal Emperor, Akbar was born here. Later on, Akbar brought northwestern India, including modern day Pakistan under Mughal rule. After the disintegration of the Mughal empire, Amarkot was captured by several regional powers including the Perisans, Afghans, Kalhora and Talpura Baloche's of Sindh, Rathore Rajputs of Jodhpur and finally by the British.https://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/8776/thesis.pdf?sequence=1 Amarkot was annexed by

Jodhpur State Kingdom of Marwar, also known as the Jodhpur State under the British, was a kingdom in the Marwar region from 1226 to 1818 and a princely state under British rule from 1818 to 1947. It was established in Pali by Rao Siha, possibly a m ...

in 1779 from the Kalhora Nawab of Sindh Umerkot and its fort was later handed to the British in 1843 by the Maharaja of Jodhpur in return for reducing the tribute imposed on

Jodhpur State Kingdom of Marwar, also known as the Jodhpur State under the British, was a kingdom in the Marwar region from 1226 to 1818 and a princely state under British rule from 1818 to 1947. It was established in Pali by Rao Siha, possibly a m ...

by Rs.10,000. The British appointed Syed Mohammad Ali as the Governor of the province. In 1847,

Rana Ratan Singh Rana Ratan Singh was a hereditary land owner in Umerkot Umerkot (formerly known as Amarkot) is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The local language is Dhatki, which is one of the Rajasthani languages of the Indo-Aryan language famil ...

was hanged at the fort by the British, for killing Syed Mohammad Ali, in a tax protest. After the British conquered Sindh, it was later made part of the Bombay Presidency of

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one ...

. In 1858, the entire area around Tharparkar became part of the

Hyderabad Division Hyderabad Division ( sd, حيدرآباد ڊويزن) is an administrative division of the Sindh Province of Pakistan. It was abolished in 2000 but restored again on 11 July 2011. Hyderabad is the divisional headquarters of Hyderabad Divisi ...

, and in 1860 the region was renamed as Eastern Sindh Frontier, with its headquarters at Amarkot. In 1882, it was reorganized as the

Thar and Parkar district Tharparkar (Dhatki/ sd, ٿرپارڪر, ur, ), also known as Thar, is a district in Sindh province in Pakistan headquartered at Mithi. Before Indian independence it was known as the Thar and Parkar district. The district is the largest in Sin ...

, headed by a British Deputy Commissioner, with a political superintendent at Amarkot. However, in 1906 the district headquarters was moved from Amarkot to Mirpur Khas. Rana Chandra Singh, a federal minister and the chieftain of the

Hindu Hindus (; ) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism. Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, , pages 35–37 Historically, the term has also been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for ...

Sodha Thakur

Rajput Rajput (from Sanskrit ''raja-putra'' 'son of a king') is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent. The term Ra ...

clan and the

Amarkot Jagir Umerkot (formerly known as Amarkot) is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan. The local language is Dhatki, which is one of the Rajasthani languages of the Indo-Aryan language family. It is most closely related to Marwari. Sindhi, Urdu and P ...

, was one of the founder members of Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Umarkot, seven times with PPP between 1977 and 1999, when he founded the Pakistan Hindu Party (PHP). Currently, his politician son Rana Hamir Singh claims to be the 26th

Rana Rana may refer to: Astronomy * Rana (crater), a crater on Mars * Delta Eridani or Rana, a star People, groups and titles * Rana (name), a given name and surname (including a list of people and characters with the name) * Rana (title), a histori ...

of Tharparkar, Umarkot and Mithi.Footprints: Once upon a time in Umerkot
Dawn (newspaper), 16 January 2015.Pakistan's Umerkot gets a new Hindu ruler

The Hindu ''The Hindu'' is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Hindu Group, headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It began as a weekly in 1878 and became a daily in 1889. It is one of the Indian newspapers of record and the secon ...

, 30 May 2010.

Points of interest

The city is well connected with the other large cities like

Karachi Karachi (; ur, ; ; ) is the most populous city in Pakistan and 12th most populous city in the world, with a population of over 20 million. It is situated at the southern tip of the country along the Arabian Sea coast. It is the former c ...

, the provincial capital and

Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India ...

. Umarkot has many sites of historical significance such as Akbar's birthplace, Umarkot, Umerkot Fort and Momal Ji Mari. There is an ancient temple,

Shiv Mandir, Umerkot Umarkot Shiv Mandir (), also known as Amarkot Shiv Mandir, is a Hindu temple situated in Umerkot District, near Rana Jaageer Goth, in Sindh Province of Pakistan. This temple is perhaps the oldest in Sindh. The temple is one of the most sacred H ...

, as well as a Kali Mata Temple, Krishna Mandir at old Amarkot and Manhar Mandir Kathwari Mandir at Rancho Line.

Folklore

The story of

Umar Marvi Umar Marvi or Marui ( sd, عمر مارئي, ur, ), is a folktale from Sindh, Pakistan about a village girl Marvi Maraich, who resists the overtures of a powerful King and the temptation to live in the palace as a queen, preferring to be in simpl ...

is that Marvi was a young Thari girl belongs to a village near Umerkot called Bhalwa she was abducted by then-ruler, Umar, who wanted to marry her because of her beauty. Upon her refusal, she was imprisoned in the historic Umerkot Fort for several years. Because of her courage, Marvi is regarded as a symbol of love for one's soil and homeland.

Education

The city has more than 100 schools, 20 colleges, and one polytechnic college.

Religions

The

Umarkot Shiv Mandir Umarkot Shiv Mandir (), also known as Amarkot Shiv Mandir, is a Hindu temple situated in Umerkot District, near Rana Jaageer Goth, in Sindh Province of Pakistan. This temple is perhaps the oldest in Sindh. The temple is one of the most sacred H ...

is one of the most ancient and sacred Hindu temples in Sindh.

Gallery

Umarkot Fort view3.JPG, Umerkot Fort Umarkot museum view.JPG, Umerkot Museum

Notes

References

External links

District government Umerkot official website (English version)
{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2017 Hinduism in Sindh