Ukrainian literature is literature written in the

Ukrainian language Ukrainian ( uk, украї́нська мо́ва, translit=ukrainska mova, label=native name, ) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of about 40 million people and the official state lan ...

. Ukrainian literature mostly developed under foreign domination over Ukrainian territories, foreign rule by the

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and, after 1791, as the Commonwealth of Poland, was a bi-confederal state, sometimes called a federation, of Crown of the Kingdom of ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...

, the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War ...

, the

Kingdom of Romania The Kingdom of Romania ( ro, Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed in Romania from 13 March ( O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian ...

, the Austria-Hungary Empire, and the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University ...

, enriched Ukrainian culture and language, and Ukrainian authors were able to produce a rich literary heritage.

Ukrainian literature’s precursor: writings in Old-Church Slavonic and Latin in Ukraine

Prior to the establishment of Ukrainian literature in 1700s, many authors from Ukraine wrote in "scholarly" languages of middle-ages –

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...

and Old-Church Slavonic. Among prominent authors from Ukraine who wrote in Latin and Old-Church Slavonic are Hryhorii Skovoroda, Yuriy Drohobych, Stanislav Orikhovsky-Roxolan, Feofan Prokopovych, , and others.

The beginnings of oral Ukrainian literature

During this period of history there was a higher number of elementary schools per population in the Hetmanate than in either neighboring Muscovy or

. In the 1740s, of 1,099 settlements within seven regimental districts, as many as 866 had primary schools. The German visitor to the Hetmanate, writing in 1720, commented on how the son of Hetman

Danylo Apostol Danylo Apostol (; ; ) (1654–1734), was a Hetman of Zaporizhian Host from 1727 to 1734. Brief biography Born in a Cossack family of Moldavian origin, Danylo Apostol was a prominent military leader, ''polkovnyk'' (colonel) of the Myrhorod ...

, who had never left

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inva ...

, was fluent in the Latin, Italian, French, German, Polish and Russian languages Late 16th and early 17th century included the rise of folk epics called '' dumy''. These songs celebrated the activities of the

Cossacks The Cossacks , es, cosaco , et, Kasakad, cazacii , fi, Kasakat, cazacii , french: cosaques , hu, kozákok, cazacii , it, cosacchi , orv, коза́ки, pl, Kozacy , pt, cossacos , ro, cazaci , russian: казаки́ or ...

and were oral retellings of major Ukrainian historical events in modern Ukrainian language (i.e., not in Old-Church Slavonic). This period produced Ostap Veresai, a renowned

minstrel A minstrel was an entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. It originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer ...

and kobzar from Poltava province, Ukraine.

The beginnings of written Ukrainian literature

The establishment of Ukrainian literature is believed to have been triggered by the publishing of a widely successful poem ''

Eneida ''Eneida'' ( uk, Енеїда, Ukrainian for "Aeneid") is a Ukrainian burlesque poem, written by Ivan Kotliarevsky in 1798. This mock-heroic poem is considered to be the first literary work published wholly in the modern Ukrainian language. A ...

'' by Ivan Kotliarevsky in 1798, which is one of the first instances of a printed literary work written in modern Ukrainian language. Due to Kotliarevsky's role as the inaugurator of Ukrainian literature, among literary critics he is often referred to as "the father of Ukrainian literature".Parody and Burlesque
// Hardie, Philip. ''The Last Trojan Hero: A Cultural History of Virgil's Aeneid.'' London: Bloomsbury Publishing. 2014. 264 p: 187 Modern Ukrainian prose was inaugurated by

Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko ( ua, Григорій Квітка-Основ'яненко, 29 November 1778 – 20 August 1843) was a Ukrainian writer, journalist, and playwright. Founder of Ukrainian classicist prose. He was born in the vicinity o ...

’s novel Marusya (1834).Ukrainian literature
// Encyclopædia Britannica 15th ed. (second version, Micropædia) Vol. 12: (1985–2010). 948 p.: p. 111 Ukrainian literature
// Encyclopædia Britannica Online, 2019

Iryna Vilde

Ukrainian writer

Iryna Vilde Daryna Dmytrivna Polotniuk (née Makohon; uk, Дарина Дмитрівна Полотнюк (Макогон); 5 May 1907 – 30 October 1982), better known by her pen name Iryna Vilde ( uk, Ірина Вільде), was a Ukrainian and Soviet ...

(pseudonym of Daryna Dmytrivna Makohon) was born on 5 May 1907 in Czernowitz (Chernivtsi), Austro-Hungarian monarchy and died on 30 October 1982 in Lviv. Her father was Dmytro Makohon, a lecturer and writer on folk arts. She graduated from Lviv University in 1932. She was married to Eugene Polotnyuk. From 1930 to 1939 she published short stories and novels about the life of Western Ukrainian intelligentsia, the petty bourgeoisie and students. In 1935 she, for the first time under the pseudonym "Iryna Vilde" published the novel "The Butterflies in high heels" (Ukrainian "Meteliki na shpilkah"). After the reunification of Western Ukraine with Ukrainian SSR, she continued to describe the familiar themes of family in bourgeois society. She is the author of many short stories, novellas and novels. Her work contain a huge number of characters – protagonists from all public layers of the then Galicia – of the clergy, employees, workers, peasants, petty bourgeoisie, as well as information on the activities of various parties and public organizations, the Polish administration policy, the economy, education and the culture. Some of her work are: The collection of short stories "Bizarre Heart" (1936), the story "Adult Children" (1939), a collection of lyrical miniatures "Okrushyny" (1969), the trilogy "Butterflies heels" (2007), novels "Adult Children" (1952), "Sisters Richynski" (Book 1 – 1958 book 2 – 1964), the trilogy "Butterflies on hairpins" (2007). "Sisters Richynski" is considered to be her most creative achievement.

Contemporary literature

Since the late 1980s, and particularly after the independence of Ukraine (1991) and disappearance of Soviet censorship the whole generation of writers emerged: Sofia Maidanska, Ihor Kalynets, Moysey Fishbein,

Yuri Andrukhovych Yurii Ihorovych Andrukhovych ( uk, Юрій Ігорович Андрухович) is a Ukrainian prose writer, poet, essayist, and translator. Biography In 1985, Andrukhovych co-founded the Bu-Ba-Bu poetic group, which stands for «burlesque ...

, Serhiy Zhadan, Oksana Zabuzhko,

Oleksandr Irvanets Oleksandr Irvanets (born 24 January 1961) is a Ukrainian poet, writer, playwright, and translator. References Ukrainian poets 1961 births Living people People of the Revolution on Granite Ukrainian writers Ukrainian dramatists and playwr ...

, Izdryk, Maria Matios, Ihor Pavlyuk and many others. Many of them are considered to be "postmodernists". At the same time the post-neoclassical literary trend has grown where the main figures are Igor Kaczurowskyj (d. 2013) and Maksym Strikha.

List of notable Ukrainian writers

Ukrainian notable writers include (alphabetically): *

Emma Andijewska Emma Andijewska (or ''Emma Andiievska'', uk, Емма Андієвська, link=no) (born March 19, 1931 in Stalino) is a modern Ukrainian poet, writer and painter. Her works are marked with surrealist style. Some of Andijewska's works have ...

Borys Antonenko-Davydovych Borys Antonenko-Davydovych ( uk, Борис Антоненко-Давидович), born Borys Davydov ( uk, Борис Давидов) was a Ukrainian writer, translator and linguist. During the Great Purge The Great Purge or the Great Ter ...

Bohdan-Ihor Antonych Bohdan Ihor Antonych ( uk, Богдан-Ігор Антонич; 5 October 1909, in Nowica – 6 July 1937, in Lviv) was a 20th-century Ukrainian poet. In 1934 Antonych received third prize honours from the Ivan Franko Society of Writers and J ...

Ivan Bahrianyi Ivan Bahrianyi ( uk, Іван Багряний) (2 October 1906 – 25 August 1963) was a Ukrainian writer, essayist, novelist and politician, Shevchenko prize awardee (1992, postmortem). The writer's real name was Ivan Pavlovych Lozoviaha (Loz ...

* Mykola Bazhan *Vasyl Barka *Bohdan Boychuk *Ilarion Cholhan * Viktor Domontovych * Ivan Drach * Ivan Franko * Moysey Fishbein *

Nikolai Gogol Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol; uk, link=no, Мико́ла Васи́льович Го́голь, translit=Mykola Vasyliovych Hohol; (russian: Яновский; uk, Яновський, translit=Yanovskyi) ( – ) was a Russian novelist, ...

* Yaroslav Halan *

Oles Honchar Oleksandr "Oles" Terentiyovych Honchar ( uk, Олесь Терентійович Гончар; 3 April 1918 – 12 December 1995) was a Soviet and Ukrainian writer and public figure. He also was a veteran of World War II and member of the Ukrai ...

Yevhen Hutsalo Yevhen Hutsalo (14 January 1937 – 4 July 1995 ) was a Ukrainian writer and journalist. Biography Hutsalo was born in Staryi Zhyvotiv, Vinnytsia oblast. He graduated from the Nizhyn Pedagogical Institute in 1959, and was first published in 19 ...

Ihor Kaczurowskyj Igor ( be, Ігар, Ihar ; russian: Игорь, Igor' ; sr-Cyrl, Игор ; uk, Ігор, Ihor ; ) is a common East Slavic given name derived from the Norse name Ingvar, that was brought to ancient Rus' by the Norse Varangians, in the form ...

Ihor Kalynets Ihor Myronovych Kalynets ( uk, Ігор Миронович Калинець; born 1939) is a Ukrainian poet and Soviet dissident. Background Kalynets was born in Khodoriv, the son of an agronomist. His parents upheld Ukrainian cultural tradition ...

* Iryna Kalynets *Tadey Karabovych/Karabowicz *Yelysei Karpenko *Lesia Khraplyva *

Mykola Khvylovy Mykola Khvylovy ( ; – May 13, 1933) (who also used the pseudonyms "Yuliya Umanets", "Stefan Karol", and "Dyadko Mykola") was a Ukrainian novelist, poet, publicist, and political activist, one of the founders of post-revolutionary Ukrain ...

*Natalia Kobrynska *

Olha Kobylyanska Olha Yulianivna Kobylianska ( uk, Ольга Юліанівна Кобилянська; 27 November 1863 Gura Humorului, Bukovina, Austro-Hungary - 21 March 1942 Cernăuți, Cernăuți County, Romania) was a Ukrainian modernist writer and femi ...

*Ivan Kocherha *Oleksa Kolomiyets *Yuriy Kosach *

Lina Kostenko Lina Vasylivna Kostenko ( uk, Ліна Василівна Костенко; born 19 March 1930) is a Ukrainian poet, journalist, writer, publisher, and former Soviet dissident. A founder and leading representative of the Sixtiers poetry mov ...

*Eaghor (Ihor) Kostetzky *

Ivan Kotlyarevsky Ivan Petrovych Kotliarevsky ( uk, Іван Петрович Котляревський) ( in Poltava – in Poltava, Russian Empire, now Ukraine) was a Ukrainian writer, poet and playwright, social activist, regarded as the pioneer of modern Ukr ...

* Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky *Ludmyla Kovalenko *Oleh Koverko *

Mykola Kulish Mykola Hurovych Kulish ( uk, Микола Гурович Куліш) (19 December 1892 – 3 November 1937) was a Ukrainian prose writer, playwright, pedagogue, veteran of World War I, and Red Army veteran. He is considered to be one of the lea ...

Panteleimon Kulish Panteleimon Oleksandrovych Kulish (also spelled ''Panteleymon'' or ''Pantelejmon Kuliš'', uk, Пантелеймон Олександрович Куліш, August 7, 1819 – February 14, 1897) was a Ukrainian writer, critic, poet, folkloris ...

Ivan Kulyk Ivan Yulianovych Kulyk ( uk, Іван Юліанович Кулик; born Izrail Yudelevich Kulyk; January 14, 1897 – October 10, 1937) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, translator, diplomat and Communist Party activist. He also wrote under the na ...

Myroslav Laiuk Myroslav Laiuk (Ukrainian: Мирослав Миколайович Лаюк) (*31 July 1990, Carpathians) — Ukrainian writer. Biography and artworks Myroslav Laiuk was born in 1990 in Smodna, Kosiv region, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, Ukraine. ...

*Oksana Lutsyshyna *Yuriy Lypa * Andriy Lyubka *

Oleh Lysheha Oleh Lysheha ( uk, Олег Лишега; 30 October 1949 – 17 December 2014) was a Ukrainian poet, playwright, translator and intellectual. Lysheha entered Lviv University in 1968, where during his last year, he was expelled for his partici ...

*Sofia Maidanska *Vasyl Makhno *

Andriy Malyshko Andriy Samiylovych Malyshko ( uk, Андрій Самійлович Малишко; born in Obukhiv, Kyiv Governorate, Russian Empire - died 17 February 1970 in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) was a Soviet and Ukrainian poet, translato ...

* Tanya Malyarchuk * Maria Matios *Leonid Mosendz *

Panas Myrny Panas Myrny ( uk, Панас Мирний; real name is Panas Yakovych Rudchenko, 13 May 1849 - 28 January 1920) was a famous Ukrainian prose writer and playwright writing in Ukrainian language. He wrote in literary realism creating innovative soc ...

Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky Ivan Semenovych Nechuy-Levytsky (born Levytsky; – 2 April 1918) was a well-known Ukrainian writer. Biography Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky was born on to the family of a peasant priest in Stebliv (Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine). In 1847 he en ...

Oleksandr Oles Oleksandr Oles (real name Oleksandr Ivanovych Kandyba) ( uk, Олександр Іванович Олесь) (1878–1944) was a prominent Ukrainian writer and poet. He is the father of another Ukrainian poet and political activist, Oleh Olzhych ...

* Joseph Oleskiw * Ihor Pavlyuk * Olena Pchilka * Valerian Pidmohylny * Les Podervianskyi *

Svitlana Pyrkalo Svitlana Pyrkalo (born 1976, in Poltava, Ukrainian SSR) is a London-based writer, journalist and translator who writes in Ukrainian, English and Russian. Early life and education Svitlana Pyrkalo was born in 1976, in Poltava, Ukrainian SSR. She ...

Maksym Rylsky Maksym Tadeyovych Rylsky ( uk, Максим Тадейович Рильський; russian: Максим Фадеевич Рыльский; in Kyiv – 24 July 1964 ''id.'') was a Ukrainian poet, translator, academician, Doctor of Philologic ...

Taras Shevchenko Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko ( uk, Тарас Григорович Шевченко , pronounced without the middle name; – ), also known as Kobzar Taras, or simply Kobzar (a kobzar is a bard in Ukrainian culture), was a Ukrainian poet, wr ...

Valeriy Shevchuk Valeriy Shevchuk (born August 20, 1939, in Zhytomyr) is a Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe * Something relating to demo ...

Vasyl Shkliar Vasyl Mykolayovych Shkliar ( uk, Василь Миколайович Шкляр; born 10 June 1951 in Hanzhalivka, Lysianka Raion is a Ukrainian writer and political activist. He is one of the most well known and widely read, contemporary Ukraini ...

Hryhori Skovoroda Hryhorii Skovoroda, also Gregory Skovoroda or Grigory Skovoroda ( la, Gregorius Scovoroda; uk, Григорій Савич Сковорода, ''Hryhorii Savych Skovoroda''; russian: Григо́рий Са́ввич Сковорода́, ...

Maryna Sokolyan Maryna Sokolyan is a Ukrainian author. The critical reviews define her work as "uncommon event in a contemporary fiction", and draw attention to the exquisite and well-cultivated language and to the complex intellectual references towards Englis ...

Volodymyr Sosyura Volodymyr Mikolayovich Sosiura ( uk , Володимир Сосюра; January 6, 1898, in Debaltseve, Yekaterinoslav Governorate (today Donetsk Oblast) of the Russian Empire – January 8, 1965, in Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union) was a U ...

Vasyl Stefanyk Vasyl Semenovych Stefanyk ( uk, Васи́ль Семе́нович Стефа́ник; May 14, 1871 – December 7, 1936) was an influential Ukrainian modernist writer and political activist. He was a member of the Austrian parliament from ...

* Vasyl Stus *

Vasyl Symonenko Vasyl Andriiovych Symonenko ( uk, Василь Андрійович Симоненко; 8 January 1935 – 13 December 1963) was a Ukrainian poet, journalist, activist of dissident movement. He is considered one of the most important figures in ...

*Yuriy Tarnavsky * Olena Teliha *

Hryhir Tiutiunnyk Hryhir Mykhaylovych Tiutiunnyk ( uk, Григір Михайлович Тютюнник, 1931–1980) was a Ukrainian writer,Roman HorbykGames from the Past: "The continuity and change of the identity dynamic in Donbas from a historical perspe ...

Pavlo Tychyna Pavlo Hryhorovych Tychyna ( uk, Павло Григорович Тичина; – September 16, 1967) was a major Ukrainian poet, translator, publicist, public activist, academician, and statesman. He composed the lyrics to the Anthem of the Ukra ...

*Yuriy Tys *

Lesya Ukrainka Lesya Ukrainka ( uk, Леся Українка ; born Larysa Petrivna Kosach, uk, Лариса Петрівна Косач; – ) was one of Ukrainian literature's foremost writers, best known for her poems and plays. She was also an active ...

* Oles Ulianenko *

Marko Vovchok Marko Vovchok ( uk, Марко́ Вовчо́к, birth name: Mariia Vilinskа, surname by the first marriage: Markovych, surname by the second marriage: Lobach-Zhuchenko, russian: Мария Александровна Вилинская; 22 Dece ...

* Volodymyr Vynnychenko *

Yuriy Vynnychuk Yuriy Pavlovych Vynnychuk ( uk, Юрій Павлович Винничук; born 18 March 1952) is a Ukrainian journalist, writer and editor. Biography Educated in the Vasyl Stefanyk Subcarpathian National University (formerly Ivano-Franki ...

Ostap Vyshnia Ostap Vyshnia (real name Pavlo Hubenko, – 28 September 1956) was a Ukrainian writer, humourist, satirist, and medical official (feldsher). Nicknamed by many critics as the Ukrainian Mark Twain and the Ukrainian Printing King; His fame was ...

*Wira Wowk *Yuriy Yanovsky * Oksana Zabuzhko *

Pavlo Zahrebelnyi Pavlo Arhypovych Zahrebelnyi ( uk, Павло́ Архи́пович Загребе́льний) or Zagrebelnyi (russian: link=no, Павел Архипович Загребе́льный; 25 August 1924 – 3 February 2009) was a Soviet and Ukra ...

* Mykola Zerov * Serhiy Zhadan

References

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(Studies of the Harriman Institute) by George Luckyj (Paperback – 1990) * Christianity and the Eastern Slavs, Vol. III: Russian Literature in Modern Times. (California Slavic Studies) by Boris Gasparov, Robert P. Hughes, Irina Paperno, and Olga Raevsky-Hughes (Hardcover – 4 January 1996) * Perspectives On Modern Central and East European Literature: Quests for Identity: Selected Papers from the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European … Central and East European Studies Series) by Todd Patrick Armstrong (Hardcover – 7 April 2001) * Ukraine: State and Nation Building (Routledge Studies of Societies in Transition, 9) by Taras Kuzio (Library Binding – 29 May 1998) * Cold War Literature: Writing the Global Conflict (Routledge Studies in Twentieth-Century Literature) by Andrew Hammond (Hardcover – 10 November 2005) * Rebounding Identities: The Politics of Identity in Russia and Ukraine (Woodrow Wilson Center Press) by Dominique Arel and Blair A. Ruble (Hardcover – 29 November 2006) * Ukraine At A Crossroads (Interdisciplinary Studies on Central and Eastern Europe, V. 1) by Nicolas Hayoz and Andrej N. Lushnycky (Paperback – 8 March 2005) * Down Singing Centuries: Folk Literature of the Ukraine by Louisa and LIVESAY, Dorothy (editors). LOEB (Hardcover – 1 January 1981) * Harvard Ukrainian studies / Ukrainian Research Institute (104: SLA TS 305/ Bungehuis) * Contested Tongues: Language Politics and Cultural Correction in Ukraine by Laada Bilaniuk (Paperback – 5 January 2006) * Burden of Dreams: History and Identity in Post-Soviet Ukraine by Catherine Wanner (Paperback – 1 October 1998) * The Power of Delight: A Lifetime in Literature: Essays 1962–2002 by John Bayley and Leo Carey (Hardcover – 28 March 2005) * Miracles & monasteries of SeventeenthCentury Ukraine: 10 (Harvard Library of Early Ukrainian Literature in English Translation) by P Lewin (Hardcover – 26 September 2007) – Import * Beyond Postmodernism: Reassessments in Literature, Theory, and Culture by Klaus Stierstorfer (Hardcover – Sep 2003) * Letters from Heaven: Popular Religion in Russia and Ukraine by John-Paul Himka and Andriy Zayarnyuk (Hardcover – 30 December 2006) * The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature: Volume 4, 1800–1900 (The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature 3) by Joanne Shattock (Hardcover – 28 March 2000) * Ukraine, Russia and other Slavic countries in English literature;: A selected bibliography of books, pamphlets, articles, etc., published in English between 1912 and 1936 (Slavistica) by V. J. Kaye-Kysilevs'kyj (Unknown Binding – 1961) * Holocaust Literature: An Encyclopedia of Writers and Their Work by S. Lillian Kremer (Hardcover – Oct 2002) * The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999 by Mr. Timothy Snyder (Hardcover – 11 January 2003) * The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature by Mary Beth Norton and Pamela Gerardi (Hardcover – April 1995) * State and Institution Building in the Ukraine by Taras Kuzio, Robert S. Kravchuk, and Paul D'Anieri (Hardcover – 20 August 1999) * The harvest of sorrow: Soviet collectivization and the terror-famine / by Robert Conquest George Robert Acworth Conquest (1917–) (172: OEI 118:112/ P.C. 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In: Zeitschrift für Kulturaustausch. 55(2005)1(12–13) * Nach dem Revolution fordern ukrainische Kulturschaffende nun die Reform des Kulturbetriebs und das Ende der ineffizienten kommunistischen Strukturen. * Anamorphosic Texts and Reconfigured Visions: Improvised Traditions in Contemporary Ukrainian and Irish Literature (Soviet and Post-Soviet Politics and Society 62) by Maryna Romanets and Andreas Umland (Paperback – 2 October 2007) * The Ukrainian Diaspora (Global Diasporas) by Vic Satzewich (Hardcover – 14 January 2003) * Towards an Intellectual History of Ukraine: An Anthology of Ukrainian Thought from 1710 to 1995. (Review): An article from: The Modern Language Review by David Saunders (Digital – 28 July 2005) * The Cultural Renaissance in Ukraine: Polemical Pamphlets 1925–26 by Mykola Khvylovy, Myroslav Shkandrij, and George S.N. 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Ukrainian Literature in English, 1980–1989 by Marta Tarnawsky

External links

A history of Ukrainian literature
by Dmytro Čyževs'kyj
Modern Ukrainian Literature

Electronic Library of Ukrainian Literature
– established under the auspices of the Institute of Encyclopedic Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine * An Anthology of Modern Ukrainian Drama (CIUS, 2012), Ed. Larissa M.L. Zaleska Onyshkevych * Danylo Husar Struk.

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Encyclopedia of Ukraine
* Existentialism in Modern Ukrainian Drama by Larissa M. L. Zaleska Onyshkevych (Ann Arbor, U. microfilms, 1973)
Slavic Literature Resources from the Slavic Reference Service, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
* "Tradition and Innovation in Twentieth-Century Ukrainian Verse Drama" by Larissa M. L. Zaleska Onyshkevych, In ''Creating a Modern Ukrainian Cultural Space,'' Ed. Myroslav Shkandrij, CIUS, 2000, 139-157. * "The Problem of the Definitive Literary Text and Political Censorship"

n Mykola Kulish's plays N, or n, is the fourteenth Letter (alphabet), letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the English alphabet, modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is English alphabet# ...

by Larissa M. L. Zaleska Onyshkevych, ''Perspectives on Modern Central and East European Literature: Quests for Identity''. Ed. Todd Patrick Armstrong. Palgrave, 2001, 25-37.
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at The Columbia Encyclopedia
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Ukrainian Writing in Canada
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at The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe

at The Columbia Encyclopedia

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Ukrainian Romanticism: Historical and Cultural Survey
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Mariana Pytuliak. The Peculiarities of the Gothic Prose Genre in Ukrainian and English Literature: Formation and Development

* u

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