Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification on:
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The Ukrainian T-shaped Radio telescope, second modification (official abbreviation UTR-2) is the world's largest low-frequency radio telescope at 
The UTR-2 consists of an array of 2040 dipole elements in two arms each containing 6 rows of elements, oriented in a T shape: a north–south arm consisting of 1440 elements covering an area of 1800×60 meters, and an east–west arm consisting of 600 elements covering an area of 900×60 meters. The basic element is a broadband cage dipole 1.8 m in diameter and 8 m long made of galvanized steel wire, mounted 3.5 m above the ground, with a
* Braude, S. Ia.; Megn, A. V.; Riabov, B. P.; Sharykin, N. K.; Zhuk, I. N.
Decametric survey of discrete sources in the Northern sky. I - The UTR-2 radio telescope: Experimental techniques and data processing
''Astrophys. and Space Sci., 54'', 3–36, 1978
* A. Konovalenko, L. Sodin, V. Zakharenko, P. Zarka, O. Ulyanov, M. Sidorchuk, S. Stepkin, P. Tokarsky et al
The modern radio astronomy network in Ukraine: UTR-2, URAN and GURT
Experimental Astronomy, Vol. 42, Is. 1, pp 11–48. {{Radio astronomy Radio telescopes Interferometric telescopes Astronomical observatories built in the Soviet Union
decametre
A decametre ( International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures and by most English speaking countries, United States spelling dekameter or decameter,), symbol dam ("da" for the SI prefix deca-, "m" for the SI ...
wavelengths. It was completed in 1972 near the village of Hrakovo (), 15 km west-south-west from Shevchenkove, Ukraine. The telescope is operated by the Institute of Radio Astronomy of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; uk, Національна академія наук України, ''Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny'', abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine th ...
.
The UTR-2 consists of an array of 2040 dipole elements in two arms each containing 6 rows of elements, oriented in a T shape: a north–south arm consisting of 1440 elements covering an area of 1800×60 meters, and an east–west arm consisting of 600 elements covering an area of 900×60 meters. The basic element is a broadband cage dipole 1.8 m in diameter and 8 m long made of galvanized steel wire, mounted 3.5 m above the ground, with a balun
A balun (from "balanced to unbalanced", originally, but now dated from "balancing unit") is an electrical device that allows balanced and unbalanced lines to be interfaced without disturbing the impedance arrangement of either line. A balun ...
to connect it to the transmission line. The dipoles are all oriented along the east–west axis, with the spacing between rows of 7.5 m in east–west direction and 9 m in north–south. It has a total area of , and a resolution of about 40 arcminutes at the middle frequency 16.7 MHz. The operating frequency range is 8–33 MHz. The sensitivity is about 10 mJy.
Steering of the antenna main lobe is accomplished with phase shifters consisting of switchable delay lines.
The telescope is a part of the URAN
Uran is a coastal town and part of Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra state in Konkan division. It lies in the Raigad district, east of Mumbai across the Dharamtar Creek. Uran is primarily a fishing and agriculture village, which has developed into th ...
(Ukrainian Radio Interferometer of NASU) decametric VLBI
Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) is a type of astronomical interferometry used in radio astronomy. In VLBI a signal from an astronomical radio source, such as a quasar, is collected at multiple radio telescopes on Earth or in space. T ...
system, which includes another four significantly smaller low-frequency radio telescopes. That system has bases from 40 to 900 km (25 to 960 mi).
The telescope was seriously damaged during 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
On 24 February 2022, in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War, which began in 2014. The invasion has resulted in tens of thousands of deaths on both sides. It has caused Europe's largest refugee crisis since World War II. ...
, the observatory's measuring complex and scientific equipment (but not the antennas) were completely destroyed.
See also
*List of radio telescopes
This is a list of radio telescopes – over one hundred – that are or have been used for radio astronomy. The list includes both single dishes and interferometric arrays. The list is sorted by region, then by name; unnamed telescopes are in r ...
References
External links
* Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukrain* Braude, S. Ia.; Megn, A. V.; Riabov, B. P.; Sharykin, N. K.; Zhuk, I. N.
Decametric survey of discrete sources in the Northern sky. I - The UTR-2 radio telescope: Experimental techniques and data processing
''Astrophys. and Space Sci., 54'', 3–36, 1978
* A. Konovalenko, L. Sodin, V. Zakharenko, P. Zarka, O. Ulyanov, M. Sidorchuk, S. Stepkin, P. Tokarsky et al
The modern radio astronomy network in Ukraine: UTR-2, URAN and GURT
Experimental Astronomy, Vol. 42, Is. 1, pp 11–48. {{Radio astronomy Radio telescopes Interferometric telescopes Astronomical observatories built in the Soviet Union