Udine ( , ; fur, Udin; la, Utinum) is a city and ''

comune The (; plural: ) is a local administrative division of Italy, roughly equivalent to a township or municipality. It is the third-level administrative division of Italy, after regions ('' regioni'') and provinces (''province''). The can also ...

'' in north-eastern Italy, in the middle of the

Friuli Venezia Giulia (man), it, Friulana (woman), it, Giuliano (man), it, Giuliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_t ...

region, between the

Adriatic Sea The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. The Adriatic is the northernmost arm of the Mediterranean Sea, extending from the Strait of Otranto (where it connects to the Ionian Sea) to th ...

and the

Alps The Alps () ; german: Alpen ; it, Alpi ; rm, Alps ; sl, Alpe . are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe, stretching approximately across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Sw ...

(''Alpi Carniche''). Its population was 100,514 in 2012, 176,000 with the urban area.

Names and etymology

Udine was first attested in medieval Latin records as ''Udene'' in 983 and as ''Utinum'' around the year 1000. The origin of the name ''Udine'' is unclear. It has been tentatively suggested that the name may be of pre-Roman origin, connected with the

Indo-European The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Du ...

root *''od^h-'' 'udder' used in a figurative sense to mean 'hill'. The Slovene name ''Videm'' (with final -''m'') is a hypercorrection of the local Slovene name ''Vidan'' (with final -''n''), based on settlements named ''Videm'' in Slovenia. The Slovene linguist Pavle Merkù characterized the Slovene form ''Videm'' as an "idiotic 19th-century hypercorrection."

History

Udine is the historical capital of Friuli. The area has been inhabited since the

Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...

age, and is believed to have been settled by

Illyrians The Illyrians ( grc, Ἰλλυριοί, ''Illyrioi''; la, Illyrii) were a group of Indo-European-speaking peoples who inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times. They constituted one of the three main Paleo-Balkan populations, a ...

. Based on an old Hungarian legend, Attila (?–453), the leader of the Huns, built a hill there, when besieging Aquileia, because he needed a winter quarters billet: he instructed his soldiers to bring soil in their helmets and shields, because the landscape was too flat, without any hill. He established the town there, and built a square-shape tower. After the fall of the

Western Roman Empire The Western Roman Empire comprised the western provinces of the Roman Empire at any time during which they were administered by a separate independent Imperial court; in particular, this term is used in historiography to describe the period ...

, the area increased in importance after the decline of Aquileia and afterwards of Cividale also. In AD 983 Udine was mentioned for the first time, with the donation of the ''Utinum'' castle by emperor

Otto II Otto II (955 – 7 December 983), called the Red (''der Rote''), was Holy Roman Emperor from 973 until his death in 983. A member of the Ottonian dynasty, Otto II was the youngest and sole surviving son of Otto the Great and Adelaide of Italy ...

to the

Patriarchs of Aquileia The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church, Church of the East, and some Independent Catholic Churches are termed patriarchs (and in cer ...

, then the main feudal lords of the region. In 1223, with the foundation of the market,Marušič, Branko. 2000. Videm. ''Enciklopedija Slovenije'', vol. 14. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, pp. 224–225. the city became finally the most important in the area for economy and trade, and also became the Patriarch's seat. Old udine

In 1420, it was conquered by the

Republic of Venice The Republic of Venice ( vec, Repùblega de Venèsia) or Venetian Republic ( vec, Repùblega Vèneta, links=no), traditionally known as La Serenissima ( en, Most Serene Republic of Venice, italics=yes; vec, Serenìsima Repùblega de Venèsia ...

. In 1511, it was the seat of a short civil war, which was followed by an earthquake and a plague. Udine remained under Venetian control until 1797, being the second largest city in the state. After the short French domination which ensued, it was part of the Austrian-puppet Lombardy-Venetia Kingdom, and was included in the newly formed

Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy ( it, Regno d'Italia) was a state that existed from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when civil discontent led to ...

in 1866. During

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

, from May 1915 to October 1917, Udine became the seat of the Italian High Command and was nicknamed "Capitale della Guerra" ("War Capital"). After the battle of Caporetto, it was occupied by the Germans in late 1917 and by the Austro-Hungarians in 1918 until after the Battle of Vittorio Veneto in 1918. After the war it was made capital of a short-lived province (''Provincia del Friuli'') which included the current provinces of Gorizia, Pordenone and Udine. After September 8, 1943, when Italy surrendered to the Allies in World War II, the city was under direct German administration, which ceased in April 1945.

Geography

Climate

Udine has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen: ''Cfa''). Precipitation is abundant all year round with spring and fall being the wettest seasons. The highest temperature recorded was on July 21, 2006 while the lowest temperature recorded was on December 19, 2009.

Demographics

In 2007, there were 97,880 people residing in Udine itself (whereas the greater area has a population double its size), located in the province of Udine,

, of whom 46.9% were male and 53.1% were female. Minors (children ages 18 and younger) totalled 14.36% of the population; in comparison, to pensioners accounted for 24.27%. This contrasts with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The average age of Udine residents is 47 compared to the Italian average of 42. Between 2002 and 2007, the population of Udine grew by 1.48%, whereas Italy as a whole grew by 3.56

http://demo.istat.it/bil2007/index.html] The current birth rate of Udine is 9.13 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.45 births. The nearby area close to the border has a Slovenes, Slovene population estimated at about 2,000. A 1475 document mentions Slovene as the language of the "lower class" in the town, and the Udine Manuscript of 1458 contains Slovene vocabulary. Alasia da Sommaripa's Italian–Slovenian dictionary was printed in Udine in 1607. However, the Slovenian minority is not officially recognized by the municipality, and Slovene is not taught in any city's state educational institution, nor in neighboring municipalities. Udine, on the other hand, is one of the municipalities in Friuli where Friulian is taught. , 90.90% of the population was of Italian descent. The largest immigrant group came from other European nations (particularly Albania and Romania), at 5.37%, followed by

sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. These include West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, and Southern Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the List of sov ...

(mostly from

Ghana Ghana (; tw, Gaana, ee, Gana), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa. It abuts the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean to the south, sharing borders with Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, and Tog ...

), 1.65%, and North Africa, 0.77%.

Government

Main sights

The old residence of the patriarchs of Aquileia, the ''palazzo Patriarcale'', was erected by Giovanni Fontana in 1517 in place of the older one destroyed by an earthquake in 1511. Under the Austrians it was used as a prison. A recension of the Visigothic code of laws, called the Breviary of Alaric, was formerly preserved In the cathedral archives, in a manuscript known as the ''Codex Utinensis'', which was printed before it was lost. In the 1550s,

Andrea Palladio Andrea Palladio ( ; ; 30 November 1508 – 19 August 1580) was an Italian Renaissance architect active in the Venetian Republic. Palladio, influenced by Roman and Greek architecture, primarily Vitruvius, is widely considered to be one of ...

erected some buildings in Udine. The ''Oratorio della Purità'' has 18th-century frescoes by

Giambattista Tiepolo Giovanni Battista Tiepolo ( , ; March 5, 1696 – March 27, 1770), also known as Giambattista (or Gianbattista) Tiepolo, was an Italian painter and printmaker from the Republic of Venice who painted in the Rococo style, considered an import ...

and his son Giandomenico. The church dedicated to St. Mary of the Castle is probably the oldest in Udine, judging from extant fragments dating back to the Lombard era. It lost its parish status in 1263, when it was annexed to the larger parish of Saint'Odorico (now the cathedral). It has been renovated many times over the centuries: the façade, for example, was entirely rebuilt after the 1511 Idrija earthquake. Its three naves preserve the suggestive atmosphere of silence and contemplation, which is often found in old churches. The Venetian Governor, Tommaso Lippomano, commissioned the Venetian Gothic portico with steps and ramps leading down the hill in 1487. In the principal square ( Piazza della Libertà) stands the town hall (''Loggia del Lionello'') built in 1448–1457 in the Venetian-Gothic style opposite a clock tower (Torre dell'Orologio) resembling that of the

Piazza San Marco Piazza San Marco (; vec, Piasa San Marco), often known in English as St Mark's Square, is the principal public square of Venice, Italy, where it is generally known just as ''la Piazza'' ("the Square"). All other urban spaces in the city (exc ...

Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400 ...

. It was begun in 1448 on a project by Nicolò Lionello, a local goldsmith, and was rebuilt following a fire in 1876. The new design was projected by the architect Andrea Scala. Opposite the Loggia del Lionello is the Loggia di San Giovanni, a Renaissance structure designed by Bernardino da Morcote. Other noteworthy monuments in the square are the Fountain by Giovanni Carrara, an architect from Bergamo (1542); the Columns bearing the Venetian Lion and the Statue of Justice (1614), the statues of Hercules and Cacus and the Statue of Peace (1819) which was donated to Udine by Emperor

Francis I Francis I or Francis the First may refer to: * Francesco I Gonzaga (1366–1407) * Francis I, Duke of Brittany (1414–1450), reigned 1442–1450 * Francis I of France (1494–1547), King of France, reigned 1515–1547 * Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lau ...

to commemorate the peace Treaty of Campoformido. The Cathedral of Udine is an imposing edifice whose construction started in 1236, on a Latin cross-shaped plan with three naves and chapels along the sides. The church was consecrated in 1335 as ''Santa Maria Maggiore''. At the beginning of the 18th century a radical transformation project involving both the exterior and the interior was undertaken at the request and expense of the Manin family. The Baroque interior has monumental dimensions and contains many works of art by Tiepolo,

Amalteo Amalteo is the name of an Italian family belonging to Oderzo, Treviso, several members of whom were distinguished in literature. The best known are three brothers, Geronimo (1507–1574), Giambattista (d. 1573) and Cornelio (1530–1603), whose Lat ...

, and

Ludovico Dorigny Ludovico Dorigny (1654 – 17 October 1742) was a French painter and engraver. Trained in his native country, he spent most of his life and career in Verona, Italy. Life and career Born Louis Dorigny into a family of Parisian artists, Dorign ...

. On the ground floor of the bell tower (built from 1441 over the ancient baptistry) is a chapel which is completely adorned with frescoes by

Vitale da Bologna 250px, ''St. George and the Dragon'' Vitale da Bologna (–1360), also known as Vitale di Aymo de' Cavalli or Vitale degli Equi, was an Italian painter of the Early Renaissance. He is a representative of the 14th century school of painting ...

(1349). The centre of Udine is dominated by the castle, built by the Venetians from 1517 over a Lombard fortification ruined by an earthquake in 1511. The current Renaissance appearance dates from the intervention of Giovanni da Udine, who finished the works starting from 1547. The castle houses one of the most ancient Parliament Halls of Europe.

Other points of interest

Orto Botanico Friulano The Orto Botanico Friulano is a botanical garden at a location variously described as near the Istituto Tecnico per Geometri on Viale Leonardo da Vinci, or Via Urbanis, Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. The garden was established in 1951 and ...

, a botanical garden * Parco Botanico Friulano "Cormor", a park and botanical garden * Tempio Ossario dei Caduti d'Italia, 1931 church

Culture

Udine has a university, the

University of Udine The University of Udine (Italian ''Università degli Studi di Udine'') is a university in the city of Udine, Italy. It was founded in 1978 as part of the reconstruction plan of Friuli after the earthquake in 1976. Its aim was to provide the Fri ...

. The archbishop's palace and the Museo Civico have quite important paintings. The city has a theater, the Teatro Giovanni da Udine. Important festivals include the wine-and-food September festival, Friuli D.O.C., the national literary prize for non-fiction Premio Friuli Storia and the biggest European festival of popular East Asian cinema, the Far East Film Festival, in April. Asteroid 33100 Udine was named in honour of the city. Along with Italian, Friulian is often spoken in Udine, as well as a variant of

Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetian and the like may also refer to: * Venetian language, a Romance language s ...

(called Venetin) that is however in decline.

Museums

* ''Civici musei e gallerie di storia e arte'' (since 1906) with Museo Archeologico, Galleria d'Arte Antica, Galleria dei Disegni e delle Stampa, Museo Friulano della Fotografia, Fototeca e Collezioni Risorgimentali * ''Museo di Arte Moderna e Contemporanea'' * Museo etnografico del Friuli (Palazzo Giacomelli) * ''Gallerie del Progetto'' * '' Museo del Duomo di Udine'' * ''Museo diocesano e gallerie del Tiepolo''

Economy

Udine is important for commerce, with several commercial centers in the hinterland. There are also iron and mechanical industries (

Danieli Danieli Group () is an Italian supplier of equipment and physical plants to the metal industry. The company is based in Buttrio, in the north-east of Italy ( Friuli-Venezia-Giulia region). It is one of the world leaders in the production of ...

and ABS are the most important).

Transport

With 7,600,000 travelling people every year,

Udine railway station Udine railway station ( it, Stazione di Udine) serves the city and ''comune'' of Udine, in the autonomous regions with special statute, autonomous Regions of Italy, region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Northeast Italy, northeastern Italy. Opened in ...

is the most important station in Friuli Venezia Giulia. Train services operate to

, Treviso,

Trieste Trieste ( , ; sl, Trst ; german: Triest ) is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is the capital city, and largest city, of the autonomous region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, one of two autonomous regions which are not subdivided into pr ...

, Gemona del Friuli, Tarvisio, Cividale del Friuli,

Padua Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the ...

Bologna Bologna (, , ; egl, label= Emilian, Bulåggna ; lat, Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region in Northern Italy. It is the seventh most populous city in Italy with about 400,000 inhabitants and 150 different na ...

, Rome,

Verona Verona ( , ; vec, Verona or ) is a city on the Adige River in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants. It is one of the seven provincial capitals of the region. It is the largest city municipality in the region and the second largest in nor ...

and

Milan Milan ( , , Lombard: ; it, Milano ) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city proper in Italy after Rome. The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million, while its metropolitan city ...

. International trains operate to

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

and

Munich Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the third-largest city in Germany, after Berlin and ...

Gallery

File:Udine casa veneziana gotica.jpg,

house File:Duomo di udine, esterno 01.JPG, Facade of Udine Cathedral File:The Duomo.jpg, Udine Cathedral File:Udine Chiesa di San Francesco.jpg, Chiesa di San Francesco File:Udine San Giacomo 03.jpg, Piazza San Giacomo File:Udine-PortaManin.jpg, Porta Manin File:Udine-PortaAquileia.jpg, Porta Aquileia File:Udine Via Mercatovecchio 01.jpg, Via Mercatovecchio File:Udine, palazzo florio 01.JPG,

File:L’Angelo del campanile della Chiesa di Santa Maria di Castello di Udine.JPG, The Angel of the steeple of the Church of Santa Maria di Castello di Udine

Sport

The main football club in the city is Udinese Calcio, founded in 1896, who, as of 2021, have played in every

Serie A The Serie A (), also called Serie A TIM for national sponsorship with TIM, is a professional league competition for football clubs located at the top of the Italian football league system and the winner is awarded the Scudetto and the Cop ...

season since the 1995–96 season. Their ground, the

Stadio Friuli The Stadio Friuli (known for sponsorship reasons as Dacia Arena) is an all-seater football stadium in Udine, Italy, and the home of Serie A club Udinese. The stadium was built in 1976 and has a capacity of 25,144. It is sponsored by Romanian ca ...

, was a venue at the

1990 FIFA World Cup The 1990 FIFA World Cup was the 14th FIFA World Cup, a quadrennial football tournament for men's senior national teams. It was held from 8 June to 8 July 1990 in Italy, the second country to host the event for a second time (the first being ...

. The local basketball team, APU GSA, played in the second national league, the LegaDue.

Notable people

* Luigi De Agostini (born 1961), footballer *

Afro Basaldella Afro Libio Basaldella (March 4, 1912 – July 24, 1976) was an Italian painter and educator in the post-World War II period. He began as a member of the Scuola Romana, and worked together with Alberto Burri and Lucio Fontana. He was generally kn ...

(1912–1976), painter * Giuseppe Battiston (born 1968), actor * Enzo Bearzot, (1927–2010), national football trainer *

Mario Benedetti Mario Orlando Hardy Hamlet Brenno Benedetti Farrugia (; 14 September 1920 – 17 May 2009), was an Uruguayan journalist, novelist, and poet and an integral member of the Generación del 45. Despite publishing more than 80 books and being publi ...

, (1955–2020), poet * Girolamo di Bernardino, 16th-century painter of frescoes * Bernardino Blaceo, 16th-century painter * Emanuele Blandamura (born 1979), boxer *

Sebastiano Bombelli Sebastiano Bombelli (October 1635; 4 May 1719) was an Italian painter, mainly active in Venice, during the Baroque period. Biography He was born in Udine on 14 or 15 October 1635 (baptized on the 15th), educated and trained under the guidance o ...

(1635-1719), Baroque and Rococò painter *

José Bragato José Bragato (12 October 1915 – 18 July 2017) was an Italian-born Argentine cellist, composer, conductor, arranger and musical archivist who, in his early career, was principal cellist in the Colón Theatre orchestra in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...

, (1915–2017), cellist and composer * Carlo Caneva (1845–1922), major general * Eliana Cargnelutti (born 1989), blues rock musician. * Luca Carlevarijs, (1663–1730), painter *

Elena Cecchini Elena Cecchini (born 25 May 1992) is an Italian racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam . She competed in the 2013 UCI women's team time trial in Florence. Career In 2013 and 2014, she rode for the team. In November 2 ...

(born 1992), cyclist *

Davide Cecotti Davide Cecotti (born 10 April 1973 in Udine) is an Italian professional football player. Cecotti played once for Inter Milan during the 1991–92 Serie A season. See also *Football in Italy *List of football clubs in Italy This is a list of ...

(born 1973), professional football player * Andrea Centazzo (born 1948), drummer and composer * Bruno Chizzo (1916–1969), footballer * Giovanni da Udine, (1487–1564), painter (Renaissance) * Raimondo D'Aronco, (1857–1932), architect * Mario David (1934–2005), football player and coach. *

Alfredo Foni Alfredo Foni (; 20 January 1911 – 28 January 1985) was an Italian footballer in the 1930s and later on a coach, who played as a defender. He is one of only four players to have won both an Olympic gold medal and the FIFA World Cup with the It ...

(1911–1985), football player and coach. * Fabio Frittelli, (1966–2013), better known by his pseudonym

Mo-Do Fabio Frittelli (24 July 1966 – 6 February 2013), better known by his pseudonym Mo-Do, was an Italian musician. Mo-Do appeared in the 1990s as an Italian electronic music act. Although Mo-Do was Italian, his songs were in German. History Or ...

, an Italian musician * Massimo Giacomini, (born 1939), former footballer and sports commentator * Andrea Chiopris Gori, (born 1977), former footballer *

Francesco Janich Francesco Janich (; 27 March 1937 – 2 December 2019) was an Italian footballer who played as a sweeper. Club career During his club career, Janich played for Atalanta (1956–58), Lazio (1958–61), and Bologna (1961–72) in Serie A, as well ...

(1937–2019), footballer * Dalila Di Lazzaro (born 1953), actress and model * Ernesto Lomasti, (1959–1979), mountaineer * Guido Macor, (born 1932), retired footballer * Fabio Masotti (born 1974), cyclist *

Alberto Mazzucato Alberto Mazzucato (28 July 1813 – 31 December 1877) was an Italian composer, music teacher, and writer. Mazzucato was born in Udine. Trained at the Padua Conservatory, he composed eight operas between 1834 and 1843, of which his most succes ...

(1813–1877), composer and music teacher * Tina Modotti (1896–1942), photographer, actress, revolutionary * Francesco Pavona (1695–1777), Baroque painter * Daniele Petri (born 1980), Italian darts player * Nicola Pezzetta (born 1963), artist and architect * Luigi Pio Tessitori, (1887–1919), indologist, linguist * Alessandro Piu (born 1996), footballer * Bruno Pizzul, (born 1938), sports journalist and footballer * Bruno Sacco (born 1933), car designer * Alessia Tuttino (born 1983), footballer * Elena Valentinis (1396–1458),

Roman Catholic Roman or Romans most often refers to: * Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD * Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *'' Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a let ...

Blessed Blessed may refer to: * The state of having received a blessing * Blessed, a title assigned by the Roman Catholic Church to someone who has been beatified Film and television * ''Blessed'' (2004 film), a 2004 motion picture about a supernatural ...

professed religious *

Glauco Venier Glauco Venier (born 8 September 1962) is an Italian jazz pianist and composer. Life and career Venier was born in Sedegliano, Udine on 8 September 1962. He "graduated in organ and composition from the Udine Conservatory in 1985, then took pri ...

(born 1962), jazz pianist and composer * Giuseppe Virgili (1935–2016), Italian footballer (striker) * Alessandro Zanni, (born 1984), rugby union player

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

Udine is twinned with: *

Albacete Albacete (, also , ; ar, ﭐَلبَسِيط, Al-Basīṭ) is a city and municipality in the Spanish autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha, and capital of the province of Albacete. Lying in the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula, t ...

, Spain * Esslingen am Neckar, Germany * Maribor, Slovenia * Neath Port Talbot, Wales, United Kingdom * Schiedam, Netherlands * Vienne, France * Villach, Austria * Windsor, Canada * Yaoundé, Cameroon

Friendship

Bikaner Bikaner () is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan, India. It is located northwest of the state capital, Jaipur. Bikaner city is the administrative headquarters of Bikaner District and Bikaner division. Formerly the capital o ...

, India *

Klagenfurt Klagenfurt am WörtherseeLandesgesetzblatt 2008 vom 16. Jänner 2008, Stück 1, Nr. 1: ''Gesetz vom 25. Oktober 2007, mit dem die Kärntner Landesverfassung und das Klagenfurter Stadtrecht 1998 geändert werden.'/ref> (; ; sl, Celovec), usually ...

, Austria * Óbuda-Békásmegyer, Hungary * Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland * Resistencia, Argentina * Velenje, Slovenia

References

External links

Udine homepage

on Italia.it

by Sunday Telegraph {{Authority control 983 establishments Udine 10th-century establishments in Italy Domini di Terraferma