Uckermark concentration camp
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The Uckermark concentration camp was a small German
concentration camp Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges. The term is especially used for the confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of terrorism suspects". Thus, while it can simply ...
for girls near the
Ravensbrück concentration camp Ravensbrück () was a German concentration camp exclusively for women from 1939 to 1945, located in northern Germany, north of Berlin at a site near the village of Ravensbrück (part of Fürstenberg/Havel). The camp memorial's estimated figure o ...
in
Fürstenberg/Havel Fürstenberg () is a town in the Oberhavel district, Brandenburg, Germany. Until 1919, Fürstenberg was part of the former Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Geography Fürstenberg is situated on the River Havel, south of Neustrelitz, and ...
,
Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...
and then an "emergency"
extermination camp Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (german: Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (), or killing centers (), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust. The v ...
.


Overview

The camp was opened in May 1942 as a detention camp for girls, aged 16 to 21, who were considered criminal or difficult. Girls who reached the upper age limit were transferred to the Ravensbrück women's camp. Camp administration was provided by the Ravensbrück camp. In its early years, the head overseer at Uckermark was a woman named
Lotte Toberentz Lotte Toberentz, born Maria Charlotte Toberentz (27 May 1900 – date of death unknown) was the head overseer of the Uckermark concentration camp for girls in its early years. From December 1944 to April 1945 she was ''Lagerführerin'' (camp ...
, and one other '' Aufseherin'' (female warden) is known today by the name of Johanna Braach. Both of these women were tried by a British court at the
Third Ravensbrück trial Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * 1⁄60 of a ''second'', or 1⁄3600 of a ''minute'' Places * 3rd Street (disambiguation) * Third Avenue (disambiguation) * Hig ...
. In January 1945, the juveniles' camp was closed and the infrastructure was subsequently used as an extermination camp for "women who were sick, no longer efficient, and over 52 years old".A. Ebbinghaus, ''Opfer und Täterinnen. Frauenbiographien des Nationalsozialismus.''
Nördlingen Nördlingen (; Swabian: ''Nearle'' or ''Nearleng'') is a town in the Donau-Ries district, in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany, with a population of approximately 20,674. It is located approximately east of Stuttgart, and northwest of Munich. It was bui ...
(1987) p. 287. Reprinted 1996: . Over 5,000 women were murdered there; only 500 women and children survived. Though it was shut down in March 1945 the
Soviet The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...
s liberated the camp on the night of April 29–30, 1945. Today only very few structures of the camp lie in ruins, barely recognizable. Some of the responsible SS wardens of the camp, amongst them chief warden (''
Oberaufseherin Aufseherin was the position title for a female guard in the Nazi concentration camps during World War II. Of the 50,000 guards who served in Nazi concentration camps, about 5,000 were women. In 1942, the first female guards arrived at Auschwitz a ...
'')
Ruth Neudeck Ruth Closius-Neudeck was a ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) supervisor at a Nazi concentration camp complex from December 1944 until March 1945. She was executed for war crimes. Early life Ruth Closius was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland ...
, were tried in the Third Ravensbrück Trial, called the " Uckermark trial".


See also

*
German Resistance to Nazism Many individuals and groups in Germany that were opposed to the Nazi Germany, Nazi regime engaged in active resistance, including assassination attempts on Adolf Hitler, attempts to remove Adolf Hitler from power by assassination or by overthro ...
*
Glossary of Nazi Germany This is a list of words, terms, concepts and slogans of Nazi Germany used in the historiography covering the Nazi regime. Some words were coined by Adolf Hitler and other Nazi Party members. Other words and concepts were borrowed and appropriated, ...
*
The Holocaust The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; a ...
*
List of books about Nazi Germany This is a list of books about Nazi Germany, the state that existed in Germany during the period from 1933 to 1945, when its government was controlled by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP; Nazi Party). It also inc ...
*
List of concentration and internment camps This is a list of internment and concentration camps, organized by country. In general, a camp or group of camps is designated to the country whose government was responsible for the establishment and/or operation of the camp regardless of the c ...
*
List of Nazi-German concentration camps According to the ''Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos'', there were 23 main concentration camps (german: Stammlager), of which most had a system of satellite camps. Including the satellite camps, the total number of Nazi concentration camps that ...
*
Nazi concentration camps From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany operated more than a thousand concentration camps, (officially) or (more commonly). The Nazi concentration camps are distinguished from other types of Nazi camps such as forced-labor camps, as well as concen ...
*
Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that crea ...
*
Nazi songs Nazi songs are songs and marches created by the Nazi Party. In modern Germany, the public singing or performing of songs exclusively associated with the Nazi Party is now illegal. Background There is often confusion between songs written specifica ...
*
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...


References


External links

* S. Schäfer:
Zum Selbstverständnis von Frauen im Konzentrationslager: das Lager Ravensbrück
'. PhD thesis 2002,
TU Berlin The Technical University of Berlin (official name both in English and german: link=no, Technische Universität Berlin, also known as TU Berlin and Berlin Institute of Technology) is a public research university located in Berlin, Germany. It was ...
. (
PDF Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. ...
file, 741  kB). In German. * Susanne Luhmann: ''Memory care and queer akinship at the former Uckermark concentration camp for girls and young women.'' Memory Studies 2023, Vol. 16(1) p. 32–50 (online

{{Authority control Ravensbrück concentration camp Buildings and structures in Uckermark (district) 1942 establishments in Germany