U.S. Route 12

U.S. Route 12 (US 12) is an east–west United States highway, running from Aberdeen, Washington, to Detroit, Michigan, for almost . The highway has mostly been superseded by Interstate 90 (I-90) and I-94, but unlike most U.S. routes that have been superseded by an Interstate, US 12 remains as an important link for local and regional destinations. The highway's western terminus is in Aberdeen, Washington, at an intersection with US 101, while the highway's eastern terminus is in Downtown Detroit, at the corner of Michigan and Cass avenues, near Campus Martius Park.

Route description

Washington

The western terminus of US 12 is located in Aberdeen, Washington. In the 1960s, a portion of US 12 was moved north to the town of Morton, when the Mossyrock Dam was built and flooded the towns of Kosmos and Riffe, along the Cowlitz River in Lewis County. A large portion of old, two-lane US 12 was replaced by Interstate 82 (I-82) and I-182 in the 1980s, between Yakima and the Tri-Cities, though the freeways are still cosigned with the US 12 designation. The old two-lane highway now bears the name ''Wine Country Road''. The highway loosely follows the eastbound leg of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, between Wallula, Washington and Clarkston, Washington, thus being marked as part of the Lewis and Clark Trail. The east end of the highway in the state is at Clarkston, where the highway crosses the Snake River into Idaho at Lewiston.

The Washington section of US 12, other than a concurrency with I-5, is defined at Washington Revised Code § 47.17.055.

Idaho

US 12 enters the state at Lewiston, crossing the Snake River from Clarkston, Washington. It ascends the Clearwater River, running concurrently with US 95 for . It reduces to a two-lane undivided highway with signs that read "winding road next 99 miles" and goes on to Orofino, continuing up the middle fork of that river to Lowell, the junction of the Lochsa and Selway Rivers. It continues up the Lochsa and climbs to Lolo Pass at the Montana border. This portion of the highway is also designated as part of the Lewis and Clark Trail. Most of the highway in Idaho is within the Clearwater National Forest. The eastern section of US 12, through remote mountain forest and up to Lolo Pass, was built in the early 1960s, making it the last US highway constructed. No services are available between Lowell and Powell, about further east.

Montana

US 12 in Montana has been defined as the ''Lewis and Clark Highway'', despite not being the route followed by Lewis and Clark across the state.

US 12's through Montana's mountains and plains is the greatest distance that US 12 traverses through any state. The highway enters Montana at Lolo Pass, southwest of Lolo Hot Springs in the Lolo National Forest. After passing Lolo Peak to the south and traveling east for , it meets with US 93 at Lolo and continues as a concurrency northeast for , where US 93 heads due north on Reserve Street, toward Glacier National Park. US 12 continues northeast through Missoula's downtown, eventually meeting I-90. It then overlaps I-90 for , until Garrison, where it heads east toward Helena for . This two-lane section of the trip passes through Avon and Elliston winding through the Helena National Forest, over the Continental Divide at MacDonald Pass, and then through Montana's capital city, Helena. US 12 passes over I-15 at which, point it joins US 287 south. US 12 overlaps US 287 and heads southeast, toward Townsend for , where it splits from US 287, which heads south for toward the intersection of I-90 near the town of Three Forks. US 12 heads east toward White Sulphur Springs for . The route joins US 89 for before entering White Sulphur Springs, and for another east of town. US 89 splits north and US 12 continues east on its own for , until the junction with I-94 at Forsyth as a concurrency northeast for , to Miles City. At the east exit for Miles City, US 12 splits again from I-94 and heads almost directly east to the North Dakota border at a distance of .

North Dakota

US 12 is a two-lane undivided highway that runs , through Adams, Bowman and Slope counties in southwest North Dakota. The speed limit is on rural segments, with slower posted speeds within the cities of Marmarth, Rhame, Bowman, Scranton and Hettinger. US 12 meets with US 85 in Bowman, and the routes are concurrent for a short distance through the city.

South Dakota

US 12 enters South Dakota from North Dakota as a rural two lane highway about west/northwest of Lemmon before entering the Standing Rock Reservation. For approximately the next , US 12 runs parallel to the border of North Dakota, sometimes within less than a mile. At Walker, US 12 heads southeast for , where it crosses the Missouri River at Mobridge, exiting the reservation. From there it continues east for , until it meets with US 83 near Selby. It overlaps US 83 for . After leaving US 83, it turns due east and spends about as a rural two-lane highway again. A few miles before reaching Aberdeen, it becomes an at-grade expressway. After the junction with US 281, it goes back to being two lanes for a few miles through Aberdeen and past the Aberdeen Regional Airport, before once again becoming a four-lane expressway, until before Waubay. East of Waubay it becomes again an at-grade expressway until it meets with I-29 near Summit. The speed limit from Aberdeen to I-29 is except through the communities of Groton, Webster and Waubay. From there it heads southeast , until Milbank. At Milbank, it continues east for 12 miles, until it crosses into Minnesota at Big Stone City, just south of Big Stone Lake. The South Dakota section of US 12 is legally defined at South Dakota Codified Laws § 31 April 132.

Minnesota

From the South Dakota–Minnesota state line at Ortonville, to Wayzata, US 12 is mostly a rural two-lane highway with a speed limit, with slower speed limits through towns and a four-lane surface arterial segment through the city of Willmar. From western Wayzata to Interstate 394 in Minnetonka, US 12 is a six-lane freeway. East of I-494, US 12 is invisibly concurrent with I-394 and I-94 through Minneapolis and St. Paul to the Minnesota–Wisconsin state line at Hudson.

The Minnesota section of US 12 is defined as Routes 149, 26, and 10 in Minnesota Statutes §§ 161.115(80) and 161.114(2).

Wisconsin

US 12 crosses the St. Croix River from Lakeland, Minnesota, into Hudson, running concurrently with I-94 before splitting just east of the city. It mainly follows a similar path to I-94 to the north, before crossing under I-94 into downtown Menomonie before continuing in an easterly direction through Eau Claire. In Fall Creek, US 12 turns southeasterly towards Fairchild, it then runs concurrently with US 10 going east for just before returning to its course southeast bound. US 12 eventually recrosses I-94 into Black River Falls then parallels I-94 in a southeastward direction. US 12 also runs through Millston and Kirby. Afterwards it turns directly south to Tomah, where it becomes North Superior Avenue. It alternates between a four-lane and two-lane road on its way through downtown. It then turns east for , then parallels I-90/I-94 through Camp Douglas, New Lisbon, Mauston, and Lyndon Station before crossing under the pair of Interstates into downtown Wisconsin Dells. US 12 turns south to Baraboo and runs along the western edge of Devils Lake State Park. In Sauk City, US 12 turns southeast towards Madison and runs along the city's western and southern edges. Here it becomes a four- to six-lane freeway with US 14 and US 18 known by the locals as "The Beltline". On the southeast side of the city it crosses I-39/I-90 towards Cambridge. It turns southeast here at runs through Fort Atkinson and Whitewater. In Elkhorn, US 12 becomes a four-lane freeway with a speed limit. It returns to a two-lane road at the Wisconsin–Illinois state line at Genoa City.

Illinois

In Illinois, US 12 is an arterial surface road that runs from Richmond, southeast to Des Plaines. It then turns due south, continuing through the Chicago metropolitan area, joining with US 45. In Stone Park, US 20 joins US 12/US 45. In Hickory Hills, US 45 continues south, while US 12/US 20 runs due east along 95th Street in the southwest suburbs. From Hickory Hills, US 12/US 20 runs east nearly to the Lake Michigan lakefront and then joins with US 41, as all three routes travel southeast into the state of Indiana.

US 12 is referred to as Rand Road in Chicago's northwest suburbs. Rand is an original name for the area around Des Plaines, Illinois, the location where the road resumes its westerly direction. South of Des Plaines, US 12 follows Mannheim Road, La Grange Road, and then 95th Street, before merging with US 41 on Ewing and Indianapolis Avenues toward the Indiana state line.

Indiana

In Indiana, US 12 is a historically significant route, that winds along the southern coast of Lake Michigan. It runs from an interchange with the Indiana Toll Road, concurrent with US 20 and US 41 in Whiting, to Michiana Shores, at the Michigan state line. A large portion of this segment is known as the Dunes Highway.

Michigan

US 12 is now the only U.S. Highway still serving downtown Detroit, whose street grid was laid by Augustus B. Woodward, to have a five-way intersection of the roads that would become US 12, US 10, US 16, US 112 and US 25. US 24 still travels through Detroit from Puritan to 8 Mile Road on the far west side.

As from the earliest days of its existence, US 12 enters Michigan from Indiana, southwest of New Buffalo and continues to the old junction of US 12 and US 112 in New Buffalo. It is now assigned between New Buffalo and Detroit (except through Ypsilanti), along what was US 112 until 1962.

On May 4, 2004, the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) designated of US 12 from New Buffalo to Detroit as a Historic Heritage Route. The east–west corridor traverses the counties of Berrien, Cass, St. Joseph, Branch, Hillsdale, Lenawee, Washtenaw and Wayne.

History

Since the highway's creation in 1926, the eastern terminus has always remained within a few blocks of Cadillac Square in downtown Detroit, Michigan.
* 1926: Cadillac Square at the convergence with US 10, US 16, US 25 and US 112; US 12 ran along Grand River. The original ending was at Miles City, Montana.
* 1939: The American Association of State Highway Officials (then AASHO, now AASHTO) approved a request to extend US 12 to Yellowstone National Park.
* 1956: US 12 was rerouted along the Lodge Freeway, ending on Jefferson; the terminus moved four blocks southeast, to the corner of Woodward Avenue (US 10) and Jefferson Avenue.
* 1959: Extended to Missoula, Montana.
* 1962: After I-94 was completed across Michigan, it was no longer co-signed with US 12. The US 12 route designation was moved to the former route of US 112, which was decommissioned. US 12 now runs along Michigan Avenue and again ends at Cadillac Square. It was extended to Lewiston, Idaho.
*1967: Extended to Aberdeen, Washington, to its present terminus at U.S. Route 101.
* 1970: US 10 was rerouted from Woodward to the Lodge Freeway and Jefferson. At this time US 12 was apparently extended along Woodward, to again terminate with US 10 at Woodward and Jefferson, though with the designations flip-flopped from their 1956 routing.
* 2001: The City of Detroit and the Michigan Department of Transportation, in a series of jurisdictional transfers, moved the terminus back four blocks, to again be at Cadillac Square.
* 2005: In another transfer, the US 12 terminus is truncated another four blocks, to end at the Patrick V. McNamara Federal Building, on the corner of Michigan and Cass avenues.

The western terminus was gradually extended westward, until it reached the Pacific Ocean.

Former ferry crossing

In 1925, US 12 in Michigan was originally proposed to run from Detroit to Ludington, across Lake Michigan, via the Pere Marquette Railway car ferry to Manitowoc, Wisconsin, and then continuing into Wisconsin, on what later became US 10, in those two states. The 1974 "Golden Anniversary Celebration" reprint of the 1926 Rand McNally Road Atlas shows US 12 following what later became the route of US 10 through Michigan, from Detroit, through Flint, Saginaw, Midland, and Clare on its way to Ludington.

Wyoming

US 12 originally went into Wyoming, before being rerouted into Montana and was proposed to go into Oregon, but did not.

Major intersections

;Washington
: in Aberdeen
: in Grand Mound. The highways travel concurrently to south-southeast of Napavine.
: in Yakima. I-82/US 12 travel concurrently to south of West Richland. US 12/US 97 travel concurrently to south of Union Gap.
: south of West Richland. I-182/US 12 travel concurrently to Pasco.
: in Pasco. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
: south-southwest of Wallula
;Idaho
: in Lewiston. The highways travel concurrently to north-northwest of Lapwai.
;Montana
: in Lolo. The highways travel concurrently to Missoula.
: in Missoula. The highways travel concurrently to Garrison.
: in Helena. US 12/US 287 travel concurrently to Townsend.
: south of White Sulphur Springs. The highways travel concurrently to northeast of White Sulphur Springs.
: in Harlowton. The highways travel concurrently to east of Harlowton.
: north of Klein. The highways travel concurrently to Roundup.
: southwest of Forsyth. The highways travel concurrently to east-northeast of Miles City.
;North Dakota
: in Bowman. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
;South Dakota
: northwest of Selby. The highways travel concurrently to south of Selby.
: in Aberdeen
: northwest of Summit
;Minnesota
: in Ortonville
: north of Holloway
: in Willmar
: in Minnetonka. I-394/US 12 travel concurrently to Minneapolis.
: in St. Louis Park.
: in Minneapolis. US 52 travel concurrently to Saint Paul. I-94/US 12 travel concurrently to east of Hudson.
: in Minneapolis. The highways travel concurrently, on separate lanes, through the city.
: in Saint Paul. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
: in Saint Paul. US 10/US 12 travel concurrently through the city.
: in Saint Paul. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
: on the Woodbury– Oakdale city line.
;Wisconsin
: in Baldwin. The highways travel concurrently through the city.
: northwest of the Town of Elk Mound
: on the Eau Claire– Altoona city line
: south of Fairchild. The highways travel concurrently to east-southeast of Fairchild.
: in Black River Falls
: in the Town of Tomah
: in Tomah
: in the Town of Lyndon
: on the Lake Delton– Delton town line
: in Middleton. The highways travel concurrently to .
: in Madison. US 12/US 18 travel concurrently to Cambridge. US 12/US 151 travel concurrently through the city.
: in Madison
: in Elkhorn
;Illinois
: in Des Plaines. The highways travel concurrently to west of the Palos Hills–Hickory Hills, Illinois city line.
: in Des Plaines
: west of Rosemont
: on the Melrose Park– Stone Park city line. The highways travel concurrently to East Chicago, Indiana.
: on the Westchester– Hillside– Bellwood city line
: in La Grange
: on the Countryside– Hodgkins city line
: in Willow Springs
: on the Hickory Hills– Bridgeview city line
: in Chicago. The highways travel concurrently to northwest of Whiting, Indiana.
;Indiana
: northwest of Whiting
: on the Hammond– Gary city line. The highways travel concurrently into Gary proper.
: in Gary
: in Gary
;Michigan
: in New Buffalo Township
: in Bertrand Township
: in White Pigeon
: in Coldwater
: in Woodstock Township
: in Pittsfield Charter Township
: in Ypsilanti Township. The highways travel concurrently through the township, passing through Ypsilanti.
: in Canton
: in Dearborn
: in Dearborn
:Cass Avenue in Detroit

See also

*
* U.S. Route 410

Notes

References

External links

*
Endpoints of US highway 12

{{Authority control

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