Tula ( rus, Тула, p=ˈtulə) is the largest city and the

administrative center An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located. In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...

Tula Oblast Tula Oblast (russian: Ту́льская о́бласть, ''Tulskaya oblast'') is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. It is geographically in the European Russia region of the country and is part of the Central Federal District, covering ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...

, located south of

Moscow Moscow ( , US chiefly ; rus, links=no, Москва, r=Moskva, p=mɐskˈva, a=Москва.ogg) is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at 13.0 million ...

. Tula is located in the northern Central Russian Upland on the banks of the

Upa River The Upa (, ) is a river in Tula Oblast, Russia, and one of the main tributaries of the Oka. The river is long, and has a drainage basin of .Oka Oka or OKA may refer to: Cars * Oka (automobile), a small car designed by AvtoVAZ and produced by ZMA and SeAZ * OKA 4wd, a large 4-wheel-drive vehicle made in Western Australia by OKA Military * 2B1 Oka, Soviet 420 mm self-propelled mort ...

. At the 2010 census, Tula had a population of 501,169, an increase from 481,216 in 2002, making it the 32nd largest city in Russia by population. A primarily industrial

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be def ...

, Tula was a fortress at the border of the

Principality of Ryazan The Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1078–1521) was a duchy with the capital in Old Ryazan ( destroyed by the Mongol Empire in 1237), and then in Pereyaslavl Ryazansky, which later became the modern-day city of Ryazan. It originally split off from t ...

. The city was seized by Ivan Bolotnikov, and withstood a four-month siege by the Tsar's army. Historically, Tula was a major centre for the manufacture of

armaments A weapon, arm or armament is any implement or device that can be used to deter, threaten, inflict physical damage, harm, or kill. Weapons are used to increase the efficacy and efficiency of activities such as hunting, crime, law enforcement, s ...

. The

Demidov The House of Demidov (russian: Деми́довы) also Demidoff, was a prominent Russian noble family during the 18th and 19th centuries. Originating in the city of Tula in the 17th century, the Demidovs found success through metal products, a ...

family built the first armament factory in Russia in the city, in what would become the

Tula Arms Plant Imperial Tula Arms Plant (russian: Императорский Тульский оружейный завод, Imperatorskiy Tulsky Oruzheiny Zavod) is a Russian weapons manufacturer founded by Tsar Peter I of Russia in 1712 in Tula, Tula Oblast a ...

, which still operates to this day. Tula is home to the Klokovo air base, Tula State University, Tula Kremlin, The Tula State Museum of Weapons and Kazanskaya embankment of the Upa River (). Tula has a historical association with the

samovar A samovar (russian: самовар, , literally "self-brewer") is a metal container traditionally used to heat and boil water. Although originating in Russia, the samovar is well known outside of Russia and has spread through Russian culture t ...

, a metal container used to heat and boil water; the city was a major center of Russian samovar production.

Yasnaya Polyana Yasnaya Polyana ( rus, Я́сная Поля́на, p=ˈjasnəjə pɐˈlʲanə, literally: "Bright Glade") is a writer's house museum, the former home of the writer Leo Tolstoy. Bartlett, p. 25 It is southwest of Tula, Russia, and from Mosco ...

, the former home of the writer

Leo Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich TolstoyTolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; russian: link=no, Лев Николаевич Толстой,In Tolstoy's day, his name was written as in pre-refor ...

, is located southwest of Tula. Additionally, Tula is known for its imprinted gingerbread (

pryanik Pryanik ( Russian and uk, пряник, be, пернік, Czech and Slovak: perník, Polish: piernik, Croatian: papernjak ) refers to a range of traditional sweet baked goods in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and some neighboring countries such as Pola ...

), which has been made in Tula since the 17th century.

Etymology

The name of the city is likely pre-Russian, probably of Baltic origin.

History

Tula was first mentioned in the ''

Nikon Chronicle The ''Nikon Chronicle'' (russian: Никоновская летопись) is a compilation of Russian chronicles undertaken at the court of Ivan the Terrible in the mid-16th century. The compilation was named after Patriarch of Moscow and all ...

'' (year 1146). In the

Middle Ages In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

, Tula was a minor fortress at the border of the

. As soon as it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow, a brick citadel, or kremlin, was constructed in 1514–1521. It was a key fortress of the

Great Abatis Belt Zasechnaya cherta (russian: Большая засечная черта, loosely translated as Great Abatis Line or Great Abatis Border) was a chain of fortification lines, created by Grand Duchy of Moscow and later the Tsardom of Russia to prote ...

and successfully resisted a siege by the

Tatars The Tatars ()Tatar
in the Collins English Dictionary is an umbrella term for different Turki ...

in 1552. In 1607, Ivan Bolotnikov and his supporters seized the citadel and withstood a four-months siege by the

Tsar Tsar ( or ), also spelled ''czar'', ''tzar'', or ''csar'', is a title used by East and South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word ''caesar'', which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the ter ...

's army. In the 18th century, some parts of the kremlin walls were demolished. Despite its archaic appearance, the five-domed Assumption Cathedral in the kremlin was built as late as 1764. In 1712, Tula was visited by

Peter the Great Peter I ( – ), most commonly known as Peter the Great,) or Pyotr Alekséyevich ( rus, Пётр Алексе́евич, p=ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ, , group=pron was a Russian monarch who ruled the Tsardom of Russia from t ...

, who commissioned the

blacksmiths to build the first armament factory in Russia. Several decades later, Tula was turned by the Demidovs into the greatest ironworking center of Eastern Europe. The oldest museum in the city, showcasing the history of weapons, was inaugurated by the Demidovs in 1724, and Nicholas-Zaretsky Church in the city houses their family vault. The first factory to produce

s industrially was also established there in the course of the 18th century. After the Demidovs moved the center of their manufacture to the Urals, Tula continued as a center of heavy industry, particularly in the manufacture of matériel. In the 1890s, Ivan Savelyev, a medical orderly, became the founder of

social democracy Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote s ...

in Tula and set up a workers' study circle. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

, the city was important in the production of armaments. Tula became the target of a German offensive to break Soviet resistance in the Moscow area between Friday, 24 October and 5 December 1941. According to Erik Durschmied in ''The Weather Factor: How Nature has Changed History'', one German general reached the southwestern outskirts of Tula on 29-30 October 1941. The heavily fortified city held out, however, and Guderian's

Second Panzer Army The 2nd Panzer Army (german: 2. Panzerarmee) was a German armoured formation during World War II, formed from the 2nd Panzer Group on October 5, 1941. Organisation Panzer Group Guderian (german: Panzergruppe Guderian) was formed on 5 June 194 ...

was stopped near Tula. The city secured the southern flank during the

Battle of Moscow The Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a sector of the Eastern Front during World War II. It took place between September 1941 and January 1942. The Soviet defensive ...

and the subsequent counter-offensive. Tula was awarded the title

Hero City Hero City may refer to: * Hero City (Soviet Union), awarded 1965–1985 to cities now in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine * Hero City of Ukraine, awarded 2022 * Hero Cities of Yugoslavia, awarded 1970–1975 * Leningrad Hero City Obelisk, a monument ...

in 1976. It is home to the Klokovo air base and the

Administrative and municipal status

Tula serves as the

of the

oblast An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...

.Law #954-ZTO Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division, the territories of Tula City Under Oblast Jurisdiction and of Leninsky District are incorporated as Tula Urban Okrug.Law #553-ZTOAll rural localities included as a part of Tula Urban Okrug in Law #553-ZTO are listed as a part of Leninsky District in OKATO.

Mayors

Sergey Kazakov Sergey Kazakov (born July 8, 1976) is a Russian amateur boxer best known to win the World Championships 2003 and European Championships 1998, 2002 and 2004 in the Men's Light Flyweight. Kazakov won the European Championships in 1998. In 2000 he ...

(1997–2005) * Vladimir Mogilnikov (2005–2010) * Alisa Tolkachyova (2010–2011) * Yevgeny Avilov (2011–2012) * Aleksandr Prokopuk (2012–2014) * Yuri Tskipuri (2014–2019) *

Olga Slyusareva Olga Anatolyevna Slyusareva (russian: Ольга Анатольевна Слюсарева) (born 28 April 1969 in Chervonyi Donets, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian professional racing cyclist. She won a gold medal at the 2004 Olympic Games in the ...

(2019-present time)

Economy

For more than four centuries Tula has been known as a center of crafts and metalworking. Tula is a developed industrial center. Importance in the industrial structure of Tula are metallurgy, machinery and metal with a high share of the military-industrial complex and food manufacturing.

Armaments industry

* Almaz-Antey Concern: Scientific Production Association Strela (Russian: ОАО НПО «Стрела») * Splav (Russian: ОАО НПО «СПЛАВ») part of the

Techmash Tecmash (russian: Техмаш) is a Russian arms industry company within the state-owned Rostec group producing and developing weapons, munitions, and ammunition for Armed Forces. Subsidiaries The structure of the holding company JSC "SPC" Tecm ...

holding of Rostec; only manufacturer of multiple rocket launchers in Russia: BM-21 Grad, BM-27 Uragan,

BM-30 Smerch The BM-30 ''Smerch'' ( rus, Смерч, "tornado", "whirlwind"), 9K58 Smerch or 9A52-2 Smerch-M is a heavy self-propelled 300 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. The system is intended to defeat personnel, armore ...

* KBP Instrument Design Bureau *Shcheglovsky Val plant (Russian: «Щегловский вал» завод): manufacturer of the

Bumerang-BM The Bumerang-BM ( rus, Бумеранг-БМ) or DUBM-30 Epoch is a remotely controlled turret for the T-15 Armata heavy IFV, Kurganets-25 and Bumerang platforms. It was first seen in public in 2015 during rehearsals for the Moscow Victory Day ...

for the T-15 Armata * Tactical Missiles Corporation: TsKBA (Russian: ОАО «ЦКБА») *

* Tulamashzavod *

Tula Cartridge Plant {{Infobox company , name = Tula Cartridge Works , logo = File:Tula Cartridge Plant logo.png , logo_size = 271 , logo_alt = , logo_caption = , image = , image_size = , image_alt = , image_caption = , trade_name = , native_name = , ...

Other companies

* Shtamp Machine-Building Plant * Oktava *Yasnaya Polyana: a confectionery factory established in 1973 under the holding of United Confectioners (Russian: Холдинг «Объединенные кондитеры») that produces 340 different candies including "Yasnaya Polyana"

Culture

A musical instrument, the Tula accordion, is named after the city, which is a center of manufacture for such instruments sold throughout Russia and the world. Tula is also renowned for traditional Russian

, cookies made with honey and spices (see Tula pryanik). In the West, Tula is perhaps best known as the center of arms manufacturing, mainly by

TT pistol The TT-30,, "7.62 mm Tokarev self-loading pistol model 1930", TT stands for Tula-Tokarev) commonly known simply as the Tokarev, is an out-of-production Soviet semi-automatic pistol. It was developed in 1930 by Fedor Tokarev as a service pi ...

, as well as

production: the Russian equivalent of "coals to Newcastle" is "You don't take a samovar to Tula". (The saying is falsely ascribed to the writer and playwright Anton Chekhov, whose made a satirical portrait of one of his characters saying "Taking your wife to Paris is the same as taking your own samovar to Tula".) The most popular tourist attraction in

, the home and burial place of the writer

. It is situated southwest of the city. It was here that Tolstoy wrote his celebrated novels '' War and Peace'' and '' Anna Karenina''. The largest public park in Tula is the P. Belousov Central Park of Culture and Recreation.

Education

Tula is home to: * Tula State University * Tula State Pedagogical University *The Tula artillery and Engineering Institute *A branch of All Russia Economic and Finance Institute *A branch of Moscow Economics and Management Institute

Transportation

Since 1867, there has been a railway connection between Tula and Moscow. Tula is a major railway junction with trains to Moscow, Oryol, Kursk and Kaluga. The Moscow to

Simferopol Simferopol () is the second-largest city in the Crimean Peninsula. The city, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is ...

M2 motorway runs past the city. City transport is provided by

tram A tram (called a streetcar or trolley in North America) is a rail vehicle that travels on tramway tracks on public urban streets; some include segments on segregated right-of-way. The tramlines or networks operated as public transport ...

trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or trol ...

es, buses, and marshrutkas. Tula trams, trolleybuses, and bus routes are operated by "Tulgorelectrotrans" (Tula city electrotransport company).

Klokovo (air base) Klokovo (russian: Клоково) is an air base in Russia on north fringe of Tula. It has been home to 374 OVTAP (374th Independent Military Transport Aviation Regiment) flying Ilyushin Il-76 (NATO: Candid) and Antonov An-22 (NATO: Cock) large c ...

of the

Russian Air Force "Air March" , mascot = , anniversaries = 12 August , equipment = , equipment_label = , battles = , decorations = , batt ...

is located nearby. File:LiAZ-5256-bus in Tula.jpg, Bus

LiAZ-5256 LiAZ () is a bus manufacturing company located in Likino-Dulyovo, Russia. It is now a wholly owned subsidiary of GAZ. Specializes in designing and manufacturing buses large and extra large class (length 10.5 m and +). Starting in 2015, the ...

File:Tramway-tula.jpg, Tram Tatra T3 File:SMU 83-84 Tula.JPG, Tatra T6B5 File:LM-2008 Perekop Tula.JPG, LM-2008 File:Tula Trolleybus 17 2007.jpg, Trolleybus VMZ-5298

Religion

Most of Tula's churches are

Russian Orthodox church , native_name_lang = ru , image = Moscow July 2011-7a.jpg , imagewidth = , alt = , caption = Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, Russia , abbreviation = ROC , type ...

es. Next in number are Protestants and Catholics. Non-Christian organizations that are present include

Muslims Muslims ( ar, المسلمون, , ) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God of Abrah ...

Jews Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

Hare Krishna Hare Krishna may refer to: * International Society for Krishna Consciousness, a group commonly known as "Hare Krishnas" or the "Hare Krishna movement" * Hare Krishna (mantra) The Hare Krishna mantra, also referred to reverentially as the (" ...

Buddhists Buddhism ( , ), also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya (), is an Indian religion or philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha. It originated in northern India as a -movement in the 5th century BCE, and ...

and

Taoists Taoism (, ) or Daoism () refers to either a school of philosophical thought (道家; ''daojia'') or to a religion (道教; ''daojiao''), both of which share ideas and concepts of Chinese origin and emphasize living in harmony with the ''Tao ...

. All Orthodox organizations in Tula and the Tula Oblast are included in the Diocese of Tula and Yefremov. Among the Tula Orthodox churches should be mentioned Saints Cathedral (1776-1800), the oldest church in Tula - Annunciation (1692) and the Assumption Cathedral of the Tula Kremlin (1762-1764). There is also the Shcheglovsky Monastery of Holy Mother of God, built in mid 19th century and consecrated in 1860. In Tula also

Old Believers Old Believers or Old Ritualists, ''starovery'' or ''staroobryadtsy'' are Eastern Orthodox Christians who maintain the liturgical and ritual practices of the Russian Orthodox Church as they were before the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow b ...

' community services which are performed in the church of St. John Chrysostom. In Tula there is the only Catholic church in the area, the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Since the 1990s, Tula has several Protestant denominations, the largest church of which is a

Baptist Baptists form a major branch of Protestantism distinguished by baptizing professing Christian believers only ( believer's baptism), and doing so by complete immersion. Baptist churches also generally subscribe to the doctrines of soul c ...

church with a prayer house in Tula. Representatives of other Protestant churches in Tula are Seventh-day Adventists,

Presbyterians Presbyterianism is a part of the Reformed tradition within Protestantism that broke from the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland by John Knox, who was a priest at St. Giles Cathedral (Church of Scotland). Presbyterian churches derive their n ...

(Church of the Holy Trinity, The Glorious Jesus the Lord, the Good News),

Pentecostals Pentecostalism or classical Pentecostalism is a Protestant Charismatic Christian movement

(Tula Christian Center, Church of the New Testament) and other evangelical churches (Word of Life, the Vine Gypsy Church). Also the city has a

synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of wor ...

and the Jewish Community House.

Sports

Russian fist fighting Russian boxing (russian: Кулачный бой, Kulachniy Boy, fist fighting, pugilism) is the traditional bare-knuckle boxing of Rus' and then Russia. Boxers will often train by punching buckets of sand to strengthen bones, and prepare minutes ...

, Tula was considered to have some of the most famous fighters. The city

association football Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players who primarily use their feet to propel the ball around a rectangular field called a pitch. The objective of the game is ...

club,

FC Arsenal Tula FC Arsenal Tula (russian: ФК Арсенал Тула) is a Russian professional football club from Tula playing in the second-tier Russian First League. Originally founded in 1923, FC Arsenal Tula was promoted to the Russian Premier League i ...

, played in the Russian Premier League in 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 seasons.

People

Arts

(1828-1910), Writer *

Leonid Bobylev Leonid Borisovich Bobylev, also Bobylyov (Леони́д Бори́сович Бобылё́в, born October 15, 1949, in Tula) is a Russian composer. Bobylev graduated from the Moscow Conservatory, where he studied composition with Mikhail Chu ...

(born 1949), composer *

German Galynin German Germanovich Galynin (russian: Ге́рман Германо́вич Галы́нин; 30 March 1922, in Tula, Russia – 18 June 1966, in Moscow) was a Russian composer, student, and continuer of the Shostakovich and Myaskovsky line in Sov ...

(1922–1966), composer *

Vladimir Mashkov Vladimir Lvovich Mashkov ( Russian: Владимир Львович Машков; born 27 November 1963) is a Soviet and Russian actor and director of cinema, known to Western audiences for his work in the 2001 film '' Behind Enemy Lines'' and 2 ...

(born 1963), theater and film actor and director *

Vyacheslav Nevinny Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Nevinny (russian: link=no, Вячесла́в Миха́йлович Неви́нный; 30 November 1934 – 31 May 2009) was a Soviet and Russian actor who was titled a People's Artist of the USSR in 1986. He worked in t ...

(1934–2009), theater and film actor *

Maria Ouspenskaya Maria Alekseyevna Ouspenskaya (russian: Мария Алексеевна Успенская; 29 July 1876 – 3 December 1949) was a Russian actress and acting teacher.Nissen, Axel. 2006. ''Actresses of a Certain Character: Forty Familiar Hollywoo ...

(1876–1949), actress and acting teacher *

Vsevolod Sanayev Vsevolod Vasilyevich Sanayev (Все′волод Васи′льевич Сана′ев; 25 2, o.s.February 1912 in Tula, Russian Empire – 27 January 1996 in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet film and stage actor popular in the 1960s–1970s. Sanay ...

(1912–1996), theater and film actor, acting teacher * Sofia Sotnichevskaya (1916–2011), actress *

Irina Skobtseva Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva (russian: Ирина Константиновна Скобцева; 22 August 1927 – 20 October 2020) was a Soviet and Russian actress and second wife of Sergei Bondarchuk. Biography Irina Konstantinovna Skobtseva ...

(1927–2020), actress *

Gleb Uspensky Gleb Ivanovich Uspensky ( rus, Глеб Иванович Успенский; October 25, 1843 April 6, 1902), was a Russian Empire writer, and a prominent figure of the Narodnik movement. Biography Early life Gleb Uspensky was born in Tula, the ...

(1843–1901), writer * Vikenty Veresaev (1867–1945), writer *

Alexey Vorobyov Alexey Vladimirovich Vorobyov (russian: Алексей Владимирович Воробьёв; 19 January 1988) is a Russian singer and actor who performs both in Russian and English. For international purposes Vorobyov is also credited as ...

(born 1988), singer, actor and model * Alexey Goloborodko (born 1994), dance contortionist

Public services

* Vyacheslav Dudka (born 1960), governor of

(2005–2011) * Vladimir Ivanov (1893–1938), Soviet politician * Yury Afonin, politician * Viktor Ilyich Baranov, Soviet Army lieutenant general *

Ivan Bakhtin Ivan Ivanovich Bakhtin ( rus, Иван Иванович Бахтин; 1756 – April 26, 1818), was a Russian government official and writer. Biography Bakhtin was born in Tula, Russian Empire, to an old family of the nobility. He enlisted in ...

, governor of the

Kharkov Governorate The Kharkov Governorate ( pre-reform Russian: , tr. ''Khárkovskaya gubérniya'', IPA: �xarʲkəfskəjə ɡʊˈbʲernʲɪjə ) was a governorate of the Russian Empire founded in 1835. It embraced the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine. Fr ...

Sciences, technologies

Nikolay Artemov Nikolai Mikhaylovich Artemov (russian: Николай Михайлович Артёмов; 24 January 1908 – 2 December 2005) was a Soviet Russian physiologist, Doktor Nauk in Biological Sciences (1969), Honorary Professor at the N. I. Lobachevs ...

(1908–2005) physiologist *

Vladimir Bazarov Vladimir Alexandrovich Bazarov (Russian: Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович База́ров; 8 August Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O._S._27_July.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and Ne ...

(1874–1939), philosopher and economist *

Vasily Degtyaryov Vasily Alekseyevich Degtyaryov (russian: Васи́лий Алексе́евич Дегтярёв; 2 January 1880, Tula – 16 January 1949, Moscow) was a Soviet and Russian engineer who specialized in weapons design. He was awarded the title ...

(1880–1949), weapons engineer *

Valery Legasov Valery Alekseyevich Legasov (russian: Валерий Алексеевич Легасов; 1 September 1936 – 27 April 1988) was a Soviet and Russian inorganic chemist and a member of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union. He is now m ...

(1936–1988),

inorganic chemist Inorganic chemistry deals with synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. This field covers chemical compounds that are not carbon-based, which are the subjects of organic chemistry. The distinction between the two discipl ...

Valery Polyakov Valeri Vladimirovich Polyakov (russian: Валерий Владимирович Поляков, born Valeri Ivanovich Korshunov, russian: Валерий Иванович Коршунов, 27 April 1942 – 7 September 2022) was a Soviet and Rus ...

(born 1942), cosmonaut *

Ivan Sakharov Ivan Petrovich Sakharov (russian: Иван Петрович Сахаров, September 10, 1807, Tula, Russian Empire, — September 5, 1863, Valdai region, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire) was a Russian folklorist, ethnographer, archeologist ...

(1807–1863), folklorist, ethnographer *

Petr Sushkin Petr Petrovich Sushkin (russian: Петр Петрович Сушкин; 27 January 1868 – 17 September 1928) was a Russian ornithologist who specialised on comparative anatomy, and evolution of birds, particularly of the birds of prey. Sushkin ...

(1868–1928),

ornithologist Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...

* Sergei Tokarev (1899–1985), historian,

ethnographer Ethnography (from Greek ''ethnos'' "folk, people, nation" and ''grapho'' "I write") is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of individual cultures. Ethnography explores cultural phenomena from the point of view of the subject o ...

Sports

Ksenia Afanasyeva Ksenia Dmitrievna Afanasyeva (russian: Ксения Дмитриевна Афанасьева; born 13 September 1991) is a retired Russian artistic gymnast who competed at the 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics. She is the 2011 world champion on flo ...

(born 1991), Olympic artistic gymnast, world and European champion *

Evgeniya Augustinas Evgeniya Sergeyevna Augustinas (russian: Евгения Сергеевна Аугустинас, née Romanyuta; born 22 January 1988 in Tula, Russia, Tula) is a Russian professional racing cyclist, who last rode for UCI Women's Team . Major resul ...

(born 1988), racing cyclist, European champion *

Ekaterina Gnidenko Ekaterina Valeryevna Gnidenko (russian: Екатерина Валерьевна Гниденко; born 11 December 1992 in Tula) is a Russian track cyclist. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the Women's sprint but was subsequently f ...

(born 1992), track cyclist * Yevgeny Grishin (1931–2005), speedskater, Olympic and European champion * Oksana Grishina (born 1968), track cyclist *

Irina Kirillova Irina Vladimirovna Kirillova (russian: Ирина Владимировна Кириллова, born 15 May 1965), also known as Irina Parkhomchuk, is a retired competitive volleyball player and Olympic gold medalist for the Soviet Union, later c ...

(born 1965), volleyball player, Olympic, world and European champion * Sergei Kopylov (born 1960),

racing cyclist Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles. There are several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain bike racing, track cycling, BMX, and cycle speedway. Non-racing cycling s ...

Alexander Kotov Alexander Alexandrovich Kotov (Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Ко́тов; – 8 January 1981) was a Soviet chess grandmaster and author. He was a Soviet chess champion, a two-time world title Candidate, and a prolific write ...

(1913–1981),

chess Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to dist ...

player, international grandmaster, SSSR champion, author,

mechanical engineer Mechanical may refer to: Machine * Machine (mechanical), a system of mechanisms that shape the actuator input to achieve a specific application of output forces and movement * Mechanical calculator, a device used to perform the basic operations of ...

Viktor Kudriavtsev Viktor Nikolayevich Kudriavtsev (russian: Виктор Николаевич Кудрявцев; born 24 October 1937 in Tula, Russia) is a Russian figure skating coach and choreographer. Career Kudriavtsev began skating at age 16 and turned to ...

(born 1937),

figure skating Figure skating is a sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform on figure skates on ice. It was the first winter sport to be included in the Olympic Games, when contested at the 1908 Olympics in London. The Olympic disciplines are me ...

coach * Andrey Kuznetsov (born 1991), tennis player * Vladimir Leonov (born 1937),

cyclist Cycling, also, when on a two-wheeled bicycle, called bicycling or biking, is the use of cycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport. People engaged in cycling are referred to as "cyclists", "bicyclists", or "bikers". Apart from two ...

* Valentina Maksimova (born 1937), track cyclist *

Ihor Nadein Ihor Nadein ( uk, Ігор Олександрович Надєїн; 3 March 1948 – 24 December 2014) was a Soviet football player and a Ukrainian Ukrainian may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Ukraine * Something relating to Ukrai ...

(1948–2014), football player and coach *

Nikolay Novikov Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov (russian: Никола́й Ива́нович Новико́в) (, Moscow Governorate – . Moscow Governorate) was a Russian writer and philanthropist most representative of his country's Enlightenment. Frequently cons ...

, (born 15 May 1946), boxer * Alexandra Obolentseva (born 2001), chess player * Yelena Posevina (born 1986),

rhythmic gymnast Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which gymnasts perform on a floor with an apparatus: hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon. The sport combines elements of gymnastics, dance and calisthenics; gymnasts must be strong, flexible, agile, dexterous and coord ...

, Olympic, world and European champion *

Anastasia Voynova Anastasia Sergeyevna Voynova ( rus, Анастасия Сергеевна Войнова, , ɐnəstɐˈsʲiɪ̯ə ˈvoɪ̯nəvə; born 5 February 1993) is a Russian professional track cyclist. She won the bronze medal in the 500 m time trial ev ...

(born 1993), racing cyclist, world and European champion

Others

* Nikita Demidov (1656–1725), industrialist, founder of

dynasty

Climate

Tula has a

humid continental climate A humid continental climate is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, typified by four distinct seasons and large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and freez ...

. This is pronounced by warm summers and cold but not severe winters by Russian standards.

Twin towns – sister cities

Tula is twinned with: * Albany, United States *

Barranquilla Barranquilla () is the capital district of Atlántico Department in Colombia. It is located near the Caribbean Sea and is the largest city and third port in the Caribbean Coast region; as of 2018 it had a population of 1,206,319, making it Co ...

, Colombia *

Kerch Kerch ( uk, Керч; russian: Керчь, ; Old East Slavic: Кърчевъ; Ancient Greek: , ''Pantikápaion''; Medieval Greek: ''Bosporos''; crh, , ; tr, Kerç) is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of t ...

, Ukraine/Crimea * Mogilev, Belarus * Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany

References

Notes

Sources

* * *

External links

Map: Battle of Tula 1941
* {{Use mdy dates, date=August 2011 Tulsky Uyezd Populated places established in the 2nd millennium

Etymology

History

Administrative and municipal status

Mayors

Economy

Armaments industry

Other companies

Culture

Education

Transportation

Religion

Sports

People

Arts

Public services

Sciences, technologies

Sports

Others

Climate

Twin towns – sister cities

References

Notes

Sources

Further reading

External links