The German

modernist Modernism is both a philosophy, philosophical and arts movement that arose from broad transformations in Western world, Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement reflected a desire for the creation of new fo ...

Bertolt Brecht Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht (10 February 1898 – 14 August 1956), known professionally as Bertolt Brecht, was a German theatre practitioner, playwright, and poet. Coming of age during the Weimar Republic, he had his first successes as a p ...

invented the term and used it in a range of critical and creative projects, including the material that he developed in the mid-1930s for his so-called ''Tui-Novel''—an unfinished

satire Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming o ...

on intellectuals in the

German Empire The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...

and

Weimar Republic The Weimar Republic (german: link=no, Weimarer Republik ), officially named the German Reich, was the government of Germany from 1918 to 1933, during which it was a Constitutional republic, constitutional federal republic for the first time in ...

—and his epic

comedy Comedy is a genre of fiction that consists of discourses or works intended to be humorous or amusing by inducing laughter, especially in theatre, film, stand-up comedy, television, radio, books, or any other entertainment medium. The term o ...

from the early 1950s, '' Turandot or the Whitewashers' Congress''. The word is a

neologism A neologism Ancient_Greek.html"_;"title="_from_Ancient_Greek">Greek_νέο-_''néo''(="new")_and_λόγος_/''lógos''_meaning_"speech,_utterance"is_a_relatively_recent_or_isolated_term,_word,_or_phrase_that_may_be_in_the_process_of_entering_com ...

that results from the

acronym An acronym is a word or name formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase. Acronyms are usually formed from the initial letters of words, as in ''NATO'' (''North Atlantic Treaty Organization''), but sometimes use syllables, as ...

of a

word play Word play or wordplay (also: play-on-words) is a literary technique and a form of wit in which words used become the main subject of the work, primarily for the purpose of intended effect or amusement. Examples of word play include puns, pho ...

on "intellectual" ("Tellekt-Ual-In"). According to Mark Clark:Clark, M. W. (July 2006). ''Hero or Villain? Bertolt Brecht and the Crisis Surrounding June 1953''. Journal of Contemporary History. vol. 41 no. 3. pp. 451–475. Brecht routinely referred to the members of the

Frankfurt School The Frankfurt School (german: Frankfurter Schule) is a school of social theory and critical philosophy associated with the Institute for Social Research, at Goethe University Frankfurt in 1929. Founded in the Weimar Republic (1918–1933), dur ...

, particularly Theodor Adorno, as "Tuis". The corresponding term "Tuism" describes the theory and practice of the Tui-intellectual.Leming (2005, 43–45).

References

Sources

* Jay, Martin (1996). ''The Dialectical Imagination: A History of the Frankfurt School and the Institute of Social Research, 1923–1950''. Weimar & Now: German Cultural Criticism series. New ed. Berkeley: University of California Press. . * Kuhn, Tom and David Constantine, eds. (2004). ''Collected Plays: Eight''. By Bertolt Brecht. Bertolt Brecht: Plays, Poetry, Prose Series. London: Methuen. . * Leming, Warren (June 2005). "Tui Tsunami: Brecht Reception and Homeland Insecurity". ''Communications from the International Brecht Society'' 34: 43–45. Academia Bertolt Brecht theories and techniques Critical theory Frankfurt School Marxist theory Intellectualism {{critical-theory-stub