Triphthong

In phonetics, a triphthong (, ) (from Greek τρίφθογγος, "triphthongos", literally "with three sounds," or "with three tones") is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two and triphthongs three.

Triphthongs are not to be confused with disyllabic sequences of a diphthong followed by a monophthong, as in German ''Feuer'' 'fire', where the final vowel is longer than those found in triphthongs.

Examples

Triphthongs that feature close elements that are typically analyzed as and in phonology are not listed. For instance, the Polish word ''łój'' 'tallow' is typically analyzed as - a sequence of a consonant followed by a vowel and another consonant. This is because the palatal approximant is resyllabified in some inflected forms, such as ''łojami'' (instr. pl.), and also because occurs word-finally after a consonant just like does (compare ''przemysł'' 'industry' with ''Przemyśl'' 'Przemyśl'), which means that both of them behave more like consonants than vowels.

On the other hand, are not treated as phonetic consonants when they arise from vocalization of , or as they do not share almost all of their features with those three.

First segment is the nucleus

Bernese German

Bernese German has the following triphthongs:
* as in ''Gieu'' 'boy'
* as in ''Gfüeu'' 'feeling'
* as in ''Schueu'' 'school'

They have arisen due to the vocalization of in the syllable coda; compare the last two with Standard German ''Gefühl'' and ''Schule'' , the last one with a schwa not present in the Bernese word.

Danish

Danish has the following triphthongs:
* as in ''færge'' 'ferry'
* as in ''hvirvle'' 'to whirl'
* as in ''Børge'', a given name
* as in ''spurv'' 'sparrow'

English

In British Received Pronunciation, and most other non-rhotic (r-dropping) varieties of English, monosyllabic triphthongs with R are optionally distinguished from sequences with disyllabic realizations:
* as in ''hour'' (compare with disyllabic "shower" )
* as in ''fire'' (compare with disyllabic "higher" )
* as in "loir" (compare with final disyllabic sequence in "employer" )

As and become and respectively before , most instances of and are words with the suffix "-er". Other instances are loanwords, such as ''boa''.

are sometimes written with , or similarly. On Wikipedia, they are not considered to feature the approximants and , following the analysis adopted by the majority of sources.

Second segment is the nucleus

Spanish:
* as in ''buey'' 'ox'
* as in ''Uruguay'' 'Uruguay'
* as in ''cambiáis'' 'you nformal pluralchange'
* as in ''cambiéis'' 'that you nformal pluralmay change'

The last two are mostly restricted to European Spanish. In Latin American Spanish (which has no distinct ''vosotros'' form), the corresponding words are ''cambian'' and ''cambien'' , with a rising-opening diphthong followed by a nasal stop and initial, rather than final stress. In phonology, are analyzed as a monosyllabic sequence of three vowels: . In Help:IPA/Spanish, those triphthongs are transcribed : , , ,

See also

*Hiatus
*Index of phonetics articles
* List of vowels
*List of phonetics topics
*Semivowel
*Vowel breaking

References

Bibliography

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*

{{wiktionary, triphthong

Vowels