The Treaty of Thapathali () was a

treaty A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal pe ...

signed between the Tibetan government of

Ganden Phodrang The Ganden Phodrang or Ganden Podrang (; ) was the Tibetan system of government established by the 5th Dalai Lama in 1642; it operated in Tibet until the 1950s. Lhasa became the capital of Tibet again early in this period, after the Oirat lo ...

and the

Kingdom of Nepal The Kingdom of Nepal ( ne, नेपाल अधिराज्य), also known as the Gorkha Empire ( ne, गोरखा अधिराज्य) or Asal Hindustan ( ne, असल हिन्दुस्तान)(), was a Hindu king ...

Thapathali Durbar Thapathali Durbar ( ne, थापाथली दरवार) was a palace complex in Kathmandu, the capital of the Nepal. Thapathali means abode of the Thapas. It was initially built by Nain Singh Thapa of the Thapa dynasty but was later occupi ...

Kathmandu , pushpin_map = Nepal Bagmati Province#Nepal#Asia , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Province , subdivision_name1 = Bagmati Prov ...

, the capital of

Nepal Nepal (; ne, :ne:नेपाल, नेपाल ), formerly the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ( ne, सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल ), is a landlocked country in S ...

, following the Nepalese–Tibetan War. In January 1856, a representative group of Tibet came to Kathmandu for discussion of the treaty. After a long discussion, the representative group ultimately signed in Thapathali a treaty on 24 March.

Failure of first attempt

A meeting of delegation teams was called in Shikarjong but no decision was made. Nepali delegation team returned as they were to discuss with prime minister,

Jung Bahadur Rana Maharaja Jung Bahadur Kunwar Ranaji, (born Bir Narsingh Kunwar ( ne, वीर नरसिंह कुँवर), 18 June 1817; popularly known as Jung Bahadur Rana (JBR, ne, जङ्गबहादुर राणा)) () belonging to the ...

. In the meeting with Tibetan delegation, Jung Bahadur demanded one crore rupees for expenses of war and for returning the Tibetan land captured by Nepal. It was very hard for Tibetan delegation to make such a decision so Kaji Til Bikram was sent to Sikarjong along with the Tibetan in September. The ambassador of China replied with proud that he can give four lakhs rupees for war expenses and five lakhs rupees as penantly for the destruction of Nepalese troops in Lhasa. The ambassador also replied that the Tibet is a state of China and the Emperor gave it to Nuns only for religious purpose so Tibet was not subjected to give even one palm length of land to Nepal; if Nepal did not returned immediately from Tibet then Nepal must be ready to fight war with China. As Nepalese were not in support of this condition, the attempt of Treaty failed.

Treaty of Thapathali

In March of the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the two sides signed a peace treaty in Thapathali, Nepal. There are ten articles in the treaty: (1) Tibet pays 10,000 rupees as a ransom to the Gurkhas annually. (2) Gorkhas and Tibet have always respected the great emperor. There are many monasteries in Tibet, and many practitioners live alone and follow religious rules. (3) Afterwards, for Gurkha merchants and citizens, Tibet does not collect merchant tax, road tax and other taxes. (4) Tibet allows the Sikh soldiers captured before and the Gurkha soldiers, officials, servicemen, women, and artillery positions captured in the war to be returned to the Gurkhas; All items left behind by Tibetans in Long, Nyalam, Tsongkha, Blang, and Rongju areas were returned to Tibet. (5) Gurkhas will subsequently send a senior official to be stationed in Lhasa, but not Newars. (6) Gurkhas are allowed to open shops in Lhasa to sell and buy jewelry, clothing, food, and other various items at will. (7) If there are disputes between Lhasa businessmen and citizens, Gurkha officials are not allowed to interrogate them; if there are disputes between Gurkha merchants and residents in Lhasa or Kathmandu Muslims, they are not allowed to be interrogated by Tibetan officials; if there are disputes between Tibetan people and Gurkha people , The officials of the two sides will be interrogated together, the Tibetan people will be fined, and the Tibetan officials will be fined, and the Gurkha businessmen and Muslims will be fined and returned to the Gurkha officials. (8) If the Gurkhas fled to Tibet for murder, Tibet handed them over and sent them to Gurkha; Tibetans fled to Gurkha because of murder, and the Gurkhas handed them over and sent to Tibet. (9) Tibetan officials should investigate the property of the Gurkha merchants and citizens who robbed them and ordered them to be returned to their original owners. If the criminal cannot return the original item, the Gurkha officials should make him make a promise and pay him back within a time limit. (10) After the treaty has been concluded, neither party shall retaliate against the family property of the Tibetans who are attached to the Gurkhas or the family property of the people who are attached to the Gorkhas of Tibet.

Failure of first attempt

Treaty of Thapathali

See also