The Treaty of Kalisz was signed in
Kalisz
(The oldest city of Poland)
, image_skyline =
, image_caption = ''Top:'' Town Hall, Former "Calisia" Piano Factory''Middle:'' Courthouse, "Gołębnik" tenement''Bottom:'' Aerial view of the Kalisz Old Town
, image_flag = POL Kalisz flag.svg ...
(german: Kalisch, russian: Kalish/Калиш) on 28 February 1813, between
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-ei ...
and
Prussia
Prussia, , Old Prussian: ''Prūsa'' or ''Prūsija'' was a German state on the southeast coast of the Baltic Sea. It formed the German Empire under Prussian rule when it united the German states in 1871. It was ''de facto'' dissolved by an e ...
against
Napoleon I
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
. It marked the final changeover of Prussia onto the side against
Napoleon
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader wh ...
.
The events that led to this alliance date back to 30 December 1812, at
Tauroggen when Lieutenant-General
Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg
Johann David Ludwig Graf Yorck von Wartenburg (born von Yorck; 26 September 1759 – 4 October 1830) was a Prussian '' Generalfeldmarschall'' instrumental in the switching of the Kingdom of Prussia from a French alliance to a Russian allia ...
, on behalf of his Prussian troops, and General
Hans Karl von Diebitsch of the Russian Army signed the
Convention of Tauroggen. The Convention of Tauroggen armistice, signed by Diebitsch and Yorck, "neutralised" the Prussian corps without consent of their king. The news was received with the wildest enthusiasm in Prussia, but the
Prussian Court dared not throw off the mask yet, and an order was dispatched suspending Yorck from his command pending a court-martial. Two months later, the Prussians officially switched sides when Prussia and Russia signed the treaty and agreed to establish an alliance against Napoleon known as the Kalisz Union.
The treaty is also an interesting example of the predominance of the
French language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in N ...
at this time. The text of the treaty was written in French, even though it was intended to arrange hostilities against France.
See also
*
War of the Sixth Coalition
In the War of the Sixth Coalition (March 1813 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation, a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, the United Kingdom, Portugal, Sweden, and a number of German States defeated F ...
*
Convention of Tauroggen
*
List of treaties
This list of treaties contains known agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups.
Before 1200 CE
1200–1299
1300–1399
1400–1499
1500–1599
1600–1699
1700–1799
...
*
Treaty of Kalisz (1343)
References
Further reading
* J. P. Riley. ''Napoleon and the World War of 1813: Lessons in Coalition Warfighting'' (2000)
* {{cite book , first=Rudolf , last=Renz , chapter=Vertrag von Kalisch , editor-first=Gerhard , editor-last=Taddey , title=
Lexikon der deutschen Geschichte , edition=2nd , publisher=Kröner , location=Stuttgart , year=1982 , isbn=3-520-80002-0 , page=626 , language=de
External links
The Columbia Encyclopedia: Kalisz
Kalisz
1813 treaties
Kalisz (1813)
19th-century military alliances
Kalisz (1813)
Military alliances involving Prussia
Military alliances involving Russia
1813 in Prussia
1813 in the Russian Empire
Prussia–Russia relations
February 1813 events
Bilateral treaties of Russia