Treaty of Aynalıkavak was a treaty between

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, * ; is an archaic version. The definite article forms and were synonymous * and el, Оθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία, Othōmanikē Avtokratoria, label=none * info page on book at Martin Luther University) ...

and

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

signed on March 10, 1779. The formal name is Aynalıkavak bond of arbitration ( tr, Aynalıkavak tenkihnamesi). Aynalıkavak is a palace in İstanbul where the treaty was signed.

Background

The Ottoman Empire lost the

Crimean Khanate The Crimean Khanate ( crh, , or ), officially the Great Horde and Desht-i Kipchak () and in old European historiography and geography known as Little Tartary ( la, Tartaria Minor), was a Crimean Tatar state existing from 1441 to 1783, the long ...

, an Ottoman dependency since 1478, under the terms of the 1774 Treaty of Küçükkaynarca. Crimean Khan Devlet Giray (Devlet IV) appealed to the

Ottoman Porte The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte ( ota, باب عالی, Bāb-ı Ālī or ''Babıali'', from ar, باب, bāb, gate and , , ), was a synecdoche for the central government of the Ottoman Empire. History The name ...

to renew the region's dependency, a proposal that was not possible under the terms of Küçükkaynarca. The Russian government forced Devlet IV to abdicate upon hearing of his entreaties to the Ottomans and replaced him with a khan they could better manipulate,

Şahin Giray Şahin Giray, Shahin Khan Girai ( crh, شاهين كراى, Şahin Geray, 1745—1787) was the last Khan of Crimea on two occasions (1777–1782, 1782–1783). Life He was born in 1745 in Edirne. He studied in Greece and Venice. He reputedly ...

. The Ottomans declared the Russian intervention in the

Crimea Crimea, crh, Къырым, Qırım, grc, Κιμμερία / Ταυρική, translit=Kimmería / Taurikḗ ( ) is a peninsula in Ukraine, on the northern coast of the Black Sea, that has been occupied by Russia since 2014. It has a pop ...

against the terms of the Treaty of Küçükkaynarca.

The Treaty

With the French ambassador acting as a mediator, the two empires signed the Treaty of Aynalıkavak to resolve ongoing tensions in the Crimea. The terms of the treaty wereNicolae Jorga: ''Geschichte des Osmanischen'' Reiches V, (trans. by Nilüfer Epçeli),İstanbul 2009, p.33 # The terms of the Treaty of Küçükkaynarca were ratified # Both empires promised not to interfere Crimean politics # The Russians promised to withdraw their troops from the khanate in three months and twenty days # The Ottoman Empire acknowledged Şahin Giray as khan # Russian merchant ships were granted the right to free passage in the

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and on the ...

Aftermath

Russian empress

Catherine II , en, Catherine Alexeievna Romanova, link=yes , house = , father = Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst , mother = Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp , birth_date = , birth_name = Princess Sophie of Anha ...

was planning to annex Crimea but was aware of the possible consequences. Catherine entered into talks with Sweden that ensured that Sweden wouldn't enter into an alliance with the Ottomans in the event of a Russian annexation of the Crimea. Russia ultimately annexed the Crimea in 1783.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Treaty Of Aynalikavak 1779 in Asia 1779 in the Russian Empire 1779 in the Ottoman Empire 1779 treaties History of Istanbul Province Ottoman Empire–Russia treaties