The Tiszapolgár culture or Tiszapolgár-Româneşti culture (4500–4000 BC) was an

Eneolithic The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often v ...

archaeological culture An archaeological culture is a recurring assemblage of types of artifacts, buildings and monuments from a specific period and region that may constitute the material culture remains of a particular past human society. The connection between thes ...

of the

Great Hungarian Plain The Great Hungarian Plain (also known as Alföld or Great Alföld, hu, Alföld or ) is a plain occupying the majority of the modern territory of Hungary. It is the largest part of the wider Pannonian Plain. (However, the Great Hungarian plain ...

, the

Banat Banat (, ; hu, Bánság; sr, Банат, Banat) is a geographical and historical region that straddles Central and Eastern Europe and which is currently divided among three countries: the eastern part lies in western Romania (the counties of ...

, Eastern Slovakia, and Ukrainian

Zakarpattia Oblast The Zakarpattia Oblast ( uk, Закарпатська область, Zakarpatska oblast) is an administrative oblast located in western Ukraine, mostly coterminous with the historical region of Carpathian Ruthenia. Its administrative centre is ...

Central Europe Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the a ...

. The

type site In archaeology, a type site is the site used to define a particular archaeological culture or other typological unit, which is often named after it. For example, discoveries at La Tène and Hallstatt led scholars to divide the European Iron A ...

Tiszapolgár-Basatanya is a town in northeastern

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Cr ...

( Polgár). It is a continuation of the earlier

Neolithic The Neolithic period, or New Stone Age, is an Old World archaeological period and the final division of the Stone Age. It saw the Neolithic Revolution, a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several pa ...

Tisza culture The Tisza culture is a Neolithic archaeological culture of the Alföld plain in modern-day Hungary, Western Romania, Eastern Slovakia, and Ukrainian Zakarpattia Oblast in Central Europe. The culture is dated to between 4900 BCE and 4500/4400 BCE. ...

. The type site Româneşti is located in the Româneşti-Tomeşti,

Timiș County Timiș () is a county ('' județ'') of western Romania on the border with Hungary and Serbia, in the historical region of Banat, with the county seat at Timișoara. It is the westernmost and the largest county in Romania in terms of land are ...

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

. Most of the information about the Tiszapolgár culture comes from cemeteries; over 150 individual graves have been being excavated at Tiszapolgár-Basatanya. The pottery is unpainted but often polished and frequently decorated. In 2022 a trove of 169 gold rings was found in Romania, in the burial of a high-status woman belonging to the Tiszapolgár culture. The trove was described as "a sensational find for the period".

Genetics

Lipson et al. (2017) found in the remains of five individuals ascribed to the Tiszapolgár culture three G2a2b and a subclade of it, and two I2a and a subclade of it. Of the five samples of

mtDNA Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondrial DNA ...

extracted, three belonged to T21c, one belonged to H26, and one belonged to H1.

Gallery

File:Early Eneolithic earthenware dishes, museum Zrenjanin.jpg, Tiszapolgar ceramics File:Pedestalled goblet, museum Zrenjanin.jpg, Tiszapolgar ceramic File:Early Eneolithic cups, museum Zrenjanin.jpg, Ceramic cups File:Early Eneolithic vessels and dish lid, museum Zrenjanin.jpg, Ceramic artefacts

Bibliography

* * * Parkinson, William A. (1999):
The Social Organization of Early Copper Age Tribes on the Great Hungarian Plain
'. University of Michigan * Parkinson, William A.:
Style and Social Interaction in the Early Copper Age of the Great Hungarian Plain
'. La Tinaja: A Newsletter of Archaeological Ceramics. 13(1):4-7. Ohio State University * Sarris, Apostolos; Galaty, Michael L.; Yerkes, Richard W.; Parkinson, William A.; Gyucha, Attila; Billingsley, Doc M. & Tate, Robert
''Investigation of Hungarian Early Copper Age Settlements through Magnetic Prospection & Soil Phosphate Techniques''
* Sauer, Erin
''Paleomeander Behavior in the Early Copper Age of the Great Hungarian Plain: Vészt″o,Hungary''
The Ohio State University

bilder av oldstidsgjenstander fra den aktuelle tidsepoke

References

External links

The Tiszapolgár culture

(in German)

Trove of Gold Rings Is Uncovered in ‘Sensational’ Prehistoric Grave in Romania
Chalcolithic cultures of Europe Archaeological cultures of Central Europe Archaeological cultures in Hungary Archaeological cultures in Romania Archaeological cultures in Serbia Archaeological cultures in Slovakia Archaeological cultures in Ukraine Eneolithic Serbia Prehistory of Southeastern Europe {{Romania-stub

Genetics

Gallery

See also

Bibliography

References

External links