Tirebolu (from the Greek word《Τρίπολις》meaning "three cities", named as such by its ancient Greek founders), is a town and district of Giresun Province,

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan Peninsula in ...

Geography

Tirebolu is a small town of 14,303 people located on a hill named ''Ayana'', which rises from the

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Rom ...

shore just to the west of the

Harşit River The Harşit River (''Turkish: Harşit Çayı'', ''Philabonites'' or ''Χαρσιώτης'' River) is a river in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It flows through the Gümüşhane and Giresun Provinces before its terminus in the Black Sea at Tireb ...

estuary. Tirebolu has a small harbour and a fishing fleet, but the mainstay of the local economy is growing

hazelnuts The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus ''Corylus'', especially the nuts of the species ''Corylus avellana''. They are also known as cobnuts or filberts according ...

History

In his ''

Anabasis Anabasis (from Greek ''ana'' = "upward", ''bainein'' = "to step or march") is an expedition from a coastline into the interior of a country. Anabase and Anabasis may also refer to: History * ''Anabasis Alexandri'' (''Anabasis of Alexander''), a ...

'', the

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

historian

Xenophon Xenophon of Athens (; grc, Ξενοφῶν ; – probably 355 or 354 BC) was a Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian, born in Athens. At the age of 30, Xenophon was elected commander of one of the biggest Greek mercenary armies o ...

(431–360 BC) wrote that Colchians,

Drilae Drilae ( ka, დრილები, ''Drilebi'') were an ancient western Georgian tribe, inhabiting mountainous coasts of the southern shores of the Black Sea. In the hinterland of Trapezus dwelt the Drilae (Dri/lai, Dri/llai), a Kartvelian tribe ...

, Habibs, and Tiberians had been living in the eastern parts of the

region during the centuries (BC). The ''

Naturalis Historia The ''Natural History'' ( la, Naturalis historia) is a work by Pliny the Elder. The largest single work to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day, the ''Natural History'' compiles information gleaned from other ancient authors. ...

'' of

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ' ...

recounts that the ancient fortress city of Tripolis was founded (656 BC) as a trading colony of the Ancient Greek

city-state A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. They have existed in many parts of the world since the dawn of history, including cities such as ...

Miletos Miletus (; gr, Μῑ́λητος, Mī́lētos; Hittite transcription ''Millawanda'' or ''Milawata'' (exonyms); la, Mīlētus; tr, Milet) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in ...

, one of nearly 90 along the

coast. Tripoli was next part of the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediter ...

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

, one of the three cities that give the town its name, the others being Andoz (today's

Espiye Espiye is a town and a district of Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Etymology "Espiye" and its earlier spelling, "Esbüyeli", are the Turkish names for the district. Espiye is thought to be formed from two parts: "Esb", a Per ...

) and Bedrama (or Bedrum) in the Harşit valley. When Alexios Komnenos (later Emperor

Alexios I of Trebizond Alexios I Megas Komnenos ( el, Αλέξιος Κομνηνός; c. 1182 – 1 February 1222) or Alexius I Megas Comnenus was, with his brother David, the founder of the Empire of Trebizond and its ruler from 1204 until his death in 1222. The two ...

) and his brother

David David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". w ...

founded the Empire of Trebizond in April 1204, about the time the Fourth Crusade captured and sacked

Constantinople la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya ( Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ( ...

, Tripoli became part of this empire. As late as 1404, it was part of the direct territory of the Emperor of Trebizond.

Turkish era

During the Trapezuntine period (13th century), the

Chepni people Chepni ( az, Çəpni; tr, Çepni; tk, Çepni) is one of the 24 Oghuz Turkic tribes. History In the legend of Oghuz Qaghan, the Chepni was stated as one of the clans of the tribe of ''Gök Han'' that consists of Pecheneg (''Beçenek''), Bayand ...

settled Tirebolu.Sümer, Faruk, Çepniler The ancient city's name was Turkified into the present name of Tirebolu. In 1916 the coast was occupied by

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

n troops for two years during the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...

, being restored to Turkish control in 1917.

''Villages''

Akıncılar is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Arageriş is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Arslancık is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Aşağıboynuyoğun is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Ataköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Avcılı is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Balçıkbelen is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Belen is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Çamlıköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Çeğel is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Civil is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Danışman is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Doğancı is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Dokuzkonak is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Düzköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Ede is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Eymür is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Fatih is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Hacıhüseyin is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Halaçlı is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Harkköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. İğnece is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Işıklı is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Karaahmetli is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Karademir is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Kayalar is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Ketençukuru is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Köseler is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Kovancık is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Kovanpınar is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Kuskunlu is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Kuzgun is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. It is 64 km far from Giresun province and 18 km far from Tirebolu province. The climate of the village is in the area of influence of the Black Sea climate. Village people make their living from nuts. In addition, kiwi and honey production is also made. There is a primary school in the village, but the student is closed due to insufficient and continues with the system of educational transport. Village has drinking water network. There is no sewer network. There is no PTT branch and PTT agency. There is no health centers and health posts. There is electricity, internet and fixed telephone in the village. Menderes is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Mursal is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Örenkaya is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Ortacami is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Ortaköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Oyraca is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Özlü is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Sekü is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Şenyuva is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Şirinköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Sultanköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yağlıkuyumcu is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yalç is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yalıköy is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yaraş is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yeşilpınar is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yılgın is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yukarıboğalı is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. yukarıboynuyoğun is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province. Yukarıortacami is a village connected to the Tirebolu district of Giresun province.

References

External links

the municipality

the district governorate

and more
{{Authority control Populated places in Giresun Province 656 BC Milesian Pontic colonies Black Sea port cities and towns in Turkey Fishing communities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey Districts of Giresun Province Towns in Turkey Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast 7th-century BC establishments