The chronology of the conversion to Islam of Sahaba, the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad has attracted scholarly attention. It is an important topic in the ''seera'' literature (biographies of Muhammad).

Background

The other early companion converts heard of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad's beliefs through the first converts, next converts and so on and even through the disbelieving non-Muslims, by word of mouth. It was primarily by word of mouth because oral communication was the primary means of spreading information. They heard of the open calls for the acceptance of Islam to the tribal leaders, calling to the worship of One God instead of many, critiquing their society, proposing solutions to various problems and requesting a collective reorientation of their dark-age society based on an Islamic worldview.

Earliest converts

The first converts to Islam at the time of Muhammad were: #Khadija bint Khuwaylid - First person to convert and first free female convert. #Ali ibn Abi Talib - First free male child in Muhammad's family to convert. #Zayd ibn Harithah - First freed slave male convert. #Abu Bakr - First free adult male and nobleman to accept Islam and also the first outside the clan of Hashim among the Quraysh.

First male Muslim

The identity of the first male to profess Islam is disputed. Shia and some Sunni sources introduce Ali as the first male convert, aged between nine and eleven. This is reported by the Sunni Ibn Hisham () in his recension of ''al-Sirat al-nabawiya'' by Ibn Ishaq ().' Similar reports appear in the works of the Sunni authors Ibn Sa'd () and al-Suyuti (). Ali also claimed to have been the second male Muslim after Muhammad in ''al-Qasi'a'', a sermon attributed to him in ''Nahj al-Balagha, Nahj al-balagha''. Among contemporary authors, this is also the view of Moojan Momen, Momen, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Nasr and Asma Afsaruddin, Afsaruddin, Huart, John Esposito, Esposito, McHugo, Hassan Abbas (scholar), Abbas, and Kelen, while W. Montgomery Watt, Watt () accepts the list of early Muslims in ''al-Sirat al-nabawiya'' as "roughly accurate." Other Sunni sources identify Abu Bakr or Muhammad's adopted son Zayd as the first male convert. In particular, al-Tabari () lists contradictory Sunni traditions about Ali, Abu Bakr, and Zayd, thus leaving the decision to the reader. Gleave is certain that these contradictory accounts are affected by later Shia and Sunni preferences, though he writes that the earliest existing records place Ali before Abu Bakr. Watt also comments on this topic, saying that Abu Bakr's status after Muhammad's death might have been reflected back into the early Islamic records. Sunni sources often describe Ali as the first child to embrace Islam, while the significance of Ali's Islam has been questioned by Watt and the Sunni al-Jahiz (). Alternatively, the Shia Ibn Shahrashub () writes that Ali understood the message of Muhammad despite his early age, which he views as a merit for Ali. He adds that Jesus and John the Baptist were given wisdom in childhood, according to the Quran. About three years later, Ali is said to have been the only person to offer his support when Muhammad openly invited his relatives to Islam. Muhammad then called Ali his brother, his trustee, and his successor, which was met with ridicule from the infamous Abū Lahab, Abu Lahab, as reported by Shia authors and some others, including Ibn Ishaq and al-Tabari. In Shia sources, not only Ali was the first male convert but he also never practiced idolatry, having been raised by Muhammad from a young age. This places him in Shia view above Abu Bakr, who a middle-aged man at the time of his conversion.

Other conversions

Some other early converts were: *Zainab bint Muhammad, Zainab, Ruqayyah bint Muhammad, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad, Umm Kulthum, Fatimah - Among the early female converts, after their mother Khadija. *Uthman - Fourth male convert, after Ali, Abu Bakr, and Zayd. *Yasir ibn Amir - One of the early converts *Ammar ibn Yasir - One of the early converts *Abu Dhar al-Ghifari- One of the early converts *Sumayyah bint Khabbab - Seventh person to convert *Sa'd ibn Abi-Waqqas - One of the first converts *Lubaba bint al-Harith - Second woman to convert *Bilal ibn Ribah - One of the early converts *Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud - One of the early converts *Jafar ibn Abi Talib - One of the early convert *Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf - Among the first converts *Zubayr ibn al-Awwam - One of the early converts *Talha ibn Ubayd-Allah - One of the early converts *Khalid ibn Sa`id - One of the early converts *Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah - One of the early converts *Khabbab ibn al-Aratt - One of the early converts *Said ibn Zayd - Converted before Umar *Fatimah bint al-Khattab - Converted before Umar *Abu-Hudhayfah ibn Utbah - One of the early converts *Mus`ab ibn `Umair - One of the early converts *Hamza ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib - Converted in 616 A.D. *Asma bint Abu Bakr - About the eighteenth person to convertAsma bint-Abu-Bakr
*Umar - around the fiftieth or sixtieth or so person to convert, and he did so during *Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya - Among the first people to convert *Abd-Allah ibn Abd-al-Asad - Among the first people to convert *Sawdah bint Zam'ah - One of the early converts

References

Citations

Sources

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{cite book, title=Shi'i Islam: An Introduction, author-first=Najam, author-last= Haider, publisher=Cambridge University Press, date= 2014, isbn= 9781107031432 Companions of the Prophet, +Timing