This is a timeline of ancient Greece from its emergence around 800 BC to its subjection to the

Roman Empire The Roman Empire ( la, Imperium Romanum ; grc-gre, Βασιλεία τῶν Ῥωμαίων, Basileía tôn Rhōmaíōn) was the post- Republican period of ancient Rome. As a polity, it included large territorial holdings around the Mediter ...

in 146 BC. For earlier times, see Greek Dark Ages,

Aegean civilizations Aegean civilization is a general term for the Bronze Age civilizations of Greece around the Aegean Sea. There are three distinct but communicating and interacting geographic regions covered by this term: Crete, the Cyclades and the Greek mainland ...

and Mycenaean Greece. For later times see

Roman Greece Greece in the Roman era describes the Roman conquest of Greece, as well as the period of Greek history when Greece was dominated first by the Roman Republic and then by the Roman Empire. The Roman era of Greek history began with the Corinthian ...

Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire primarily in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinopl ...

and

Ottoman Greece Most of the areas which today are within modern Greece's borders were at some point in the past part of the Ottoman Empire. This period of Ottoman rule in Greece, lasting from the mid-15th century until the successful Greek War of Independence t ...

. For modern

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders ...

after 1820, see

Timeline of modern Greek history This is a timeline of modern Greek history. Greek War of Independence (1821–1828) *1821, 21 February: Revolt of Greek War of Independence from the Ottoman Empire declared by Alexandros Ypsilantis in Wallachia (Iaşi). *1821, 25 March: Accord ...

Archaic Period (785–481 BC)

785 __NOTOC__ Year 785 ( DCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The article denomination 785 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent meth ...

Pithecusae (Ischia) is settled by

Euboea Evia (, ; el, Εύβοια ; grc, Εὔβοια ) or Euboia (, ) is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. It is separated from Boeotia in mainland Greece by the narrow Euripus Strait (only at its narrowest poin ...

n Greeks from

Eretria Eretria (; el, Ερέτρια, , grc, Ἐρέτρια, , literally 'city of the rowers') is a town in Euboea, Greece, facing the coast of Attica across the narrow South Euboean Gulf. It was an important Greek polis in the 6th and 5th centur ...

and Chalcis * 777

Cumae Cumae ( grc, Κύμη, (Kumē) or or ; it, Cuma) was the first ancient Greek colony on the mainland of Italy, founded by settlers from Euboea in the 8th century BC and soon becoming one of the strongest colonies. It later became a rich Ro ...

is founded by Chalcis * 776 Traditional date for the first historic Olympic games. *

757 757 may refer to: * Boeing 757: a narrow-body airliner * AD 757: a year * 757 BC: a year * 757 (number): a number * Area code 757 Image:Area code 757.png, The area colored red indicates the southeast corner of Virginia served by area code 757 po ...

The

First Messenian War The First Messenian War was a war between Messenia and Sparta. It began in 743 BC and ended in 724 BC, according to the dates given by Pausanias. The war continued the rivalry between the Achaeans and the Dorians that had been initiated by the ...

starts. (Date disputed by

Jerome Jerome (; la, Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; grc-gre, Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was a Christian priest, confessor, theologian, and historian; he is co ...

Pausanias Pausanias ( el, Παυσανίας) may refer to: *Pausanias of Athens, lover of the poet Agathon and a character in Plato's ''Symposium'' *Pausanias the Regent, Spartan general and regent of the 5th century BC * Pausanias of Sicily, physician of t ...

and

Diodorus Diodorus Siculus, or Diodorus of Sicily ( grc-gre, Διόδωρος ; 1st century BC), was an ancient Greek historian. He is known for writing the monumental universal history ''Bibliotheca historica'', in forty books, fifteen of which su ...

; this estimate is based on a reading of Diodorus' Spartan king lists and Pausanias' description of the war). *

756 __NOTOC__ Year 756 ( DCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 756 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Kyzikus is settled by

Ionians The Ionians (; el, Ἴωνες, ''Íōnes'', singular , ''Íōn'') were one of the four major tribes that the Greeks considered themselves to be divided into during the ancient period; the other three being the Dorians, Aeolians, and Achaea ...

754 __NOTOC__ Year 754 ( DCCLIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 754 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...

Polydorus In Greek mythology, Polydorus (; grc, Πολύδωρος, i.e. "many-gift d) or Polydoros referred to several different people. *Polydorus, son of Phineus and Cleopatra, and brother of Polydector (Polydectus). These two sons by his first wife were ...

becomes king of

Sparta Sparta ( Doric Greek: Σπάρτα, ''Spártā''; Attic Greek: Σπάρτη, ''Spártē'') was a prominent city-state in Laconia, in ancient Greece. In antiquity, the city-state was known as Lacedaemon (, ), while the name Sparta referre ...

. *753 Athens: Office of Archon reduced to 10 years. Members of the ruling family to possess the office starting with Charops. (Dating based on Pausanias). * 743

Rhegion Reggio di Calabria ( scn, label= Southern Calabrian, Riggiu; el, label=Calabrian Greek, Ρήγι, Rìji), usually referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the largest city in Calabria. It has an estimated popula ...

is founded by

ns * 740

Zancle Messina (, also , ) is a harbour city and the capital of the Italian Metropolitan City of Messina. It is the third largest city on the island of Sicily, and the 13th largest city in Italy, with a population of more than 219,000 inhabitants in t ...

is founded by Euboeans *

738 __NOTOC__ Year 738 ( DCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 738 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini cale ...

Alternative date for the end of the

. * 737 Rhegion and Zancle join in union under Zancle *

735 __NOTOC__ Year 735 ( DCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 735 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar e ...

Perdiccas I of Macedon Perdiccas I ( gr, Περδίκκας, Perdíkkas) was king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia. He ruled somewhere between 650 BC and 620 BC. Herodotus Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer from ...

flees from

Argos Argos most often refers to: * Argos, Peloponnese, a city in Argolis, Greece ** Ancient Argos, the ancient city * Argos (retailer), a catalogue retailer operating in the United Kingdom and Ireland Argos or ARGOS may also refer to: Businesses ...

Macedon Macedonia (; grc-gre, Μακεδονία), also called Macedon (), was an Classical antiquity, ancient monarchy, kingdom on the periphery of Archaic Greece, Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece. Th ...

ia and conquers the land. * 734

sends colonists to Italy. *734 Syracuse is founded by

Korinth Corinth ( ; el, Κόρινθος, Kórinthos, ) is the successor to an ancient city, and is a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform, it has been part o ...

ians and

Tenea Tenea ( el, Τενέα) is a municipal unit within the municipality of Corinth, Corinthia, Peloponnese, Greece. The municipal unit has an area of . Until 2011, it was a municipality whose seat was in Chiliomodi. The modern city is named af ...

ns *734

Kerkyra Corfu (, ) or Kerkyra ( el, Κέρκυρα, Kérkyra, , ; ; la, Corcyra.) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea, of the Ionian Islands, and, including its small satellite islands, forms the margin of the northwestern frontier of Greece. The isl ...

is founded by Korinthians *

733 __NOTOC__ Year 733 ( DCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 733 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calend ...

Naxos (Sicily) Naxos or Naxus ( grc-gre, Νάξος) was an ancient Greek city, presently situated in modern Giardini Naxos near Taormina on the east coast of Sicily. Much of the site has never been built on and parts have been excavated in recent years. ...

is founded by Euboeans *733 Troliton is founded by Megarans * 732 Euboea splits between Chalcis and

due to disputes *

731 __NOTOC__ Year 731 ( DCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 731 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Sigeion is founded by

Mytilene Mytilene (; el, Μυτιλήνη, Mytilíni ; tr, Midilli) is the capital of the Greek island of Lesbos, and its port. It is also the capital and administrative center of the North Aegean Region, and hosts the headquarters of the University o ...

*731 Catania is founded by Chalcidians *

730 __NOTOC__ Year 730 ( DCCXXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 730 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Leontini is founded by Naxos and controlled by the tyrant Euarchus *730 Troliton is abandoned and settlers settled in Leontini *

728 __NOTOC__ Year 728 ( DCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 728 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar e ...

Troliton settlers are ostracized from Leontini and settle Thapsos * 727–717 Hippomenes, archon of Athens, kills his daughter's adulterer by yoking him to his chariot and then locks his daughter Leimone in with a horse until she dies. (Pausanias and

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of ph ...

). *c. 725

Lelantine War The Lelantine War was a military conflict between the two ancient Greek city states Chalcis and Eretria in Euboea which took place in the early Archaic period, between c. 710 and 650 BC. The reason for war was, according to tradition, the struggl ...

between Chalcis and

. Many Greek cities are allied with one or the other. Dates before this time uncertain. *

725 Year 725 ( DCCXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 725 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the ...

Thapsos abandoned and

Megara Hyblaea Megara Hyblaea ( grc, Μέγαρα Ὑβλαία) – perhaps identical with Hybla Major – is an ancient Greek colony in Sicily, situated near Augusta on the east coast, north-northwest of Syracuse, Italy, on the deep bay formed by the Xip ...

is settled by the Thapsos settlers * 720s/710s

Drought A drought is defined as drier than normal conditions.Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R.P. Allan, P.A. Arias, M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T.Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D. Jiang, A. Khan, W. Pokam Mba, D. Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, an ...

s on

* 720 Korinth removes the

Liburnia Liburnia ( grc, Λιβουρνία) in ancient geography was the land of the Liburnians, a region along the northeastern Adriatic coast in Europe, in modern Croatia, whose borders shifted according to the extent of the Liburnian dominance at a g ...

ns from Kerkyra *720:

Sybaris Sybaris ( grc, Σύβαρις; it, Sibari) was an important city of Magna Graecia. It was situated in modern Calabria, in southern Italy, between two rivers, the Crathis (Crati) and the Sybaris (Coscile). The city was founded in 720 BC ...

is founded by Achaeans from Helice * 719

, King of Sparta, is murdered by Polymarchus. * 716

Mylae Milazzo ( Sicilian: ''Milazzu''; la, Mylae; ) is a town (''comune'') in the Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, southern Italy; it is the largest commune in the Metropolitan City after Messina and Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto. The town has a p ...

is founded and annexed by Zancle *716 According to legend: The reign of the Heraklids over Lydia is ended when

Candaules Candaules (died c.687 BC; el, Κανδαύλης, ''Kandaulēs''), also known as Myrsilos (Μυρσίλος), was a king of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia in the early years of the 7th century BC. According to Herodotus, he succeeded his fath ...

, known as Myrsilus to the Greeks, is murdered by Gyges because of his wife's anger. *

715 __NOTOC__ Year 715 ( DCCXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 715 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Lydia annexes Colophon and Magnesia and sieges

Smyrna Smyrna ( ; grc, Σμύρνη, Smýrnē, or , ) was a Greek city located at a strategic point on the Aegean coast of Anatolia. Due to its advantageous port conditions, its ease of defence, and its good inland connections, Smyrna rose to promi ...

712 __NOTOC__ Year 712 ( DCCXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 712 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era b ...

Lydia abandons the siege of Smyrna and annexes parts of

Troad The Troad ( or ; el, Τρωάδα, ''Troáda'') or Troas (; grc, Τρῳάς, ''Trōiás'' or , ''Trōïás'') is a historical region in northwestern Anatolia. It corresponds with the Biga Peninsula ( Turkish: ''Biga Yarımadası'') in the � ...

and

Sipylus Mount Spil ( tr, Spil Dağı), the ancient Mount Sipylus ( grc, Σίπυλος) (elevation ), is a mountain rich in legends and history in Manisa Province, Turkey, in what used to be the heartland of the Lydians and what is now Turkey's Aegean R ...

*712 Korinth annexes Perachora peninsula from Megara * 710s Eretrian abandonment of Andros * 709 Kroton is founded by Achaeans * 707 Taras is founded by Dorians *

705 __NOTOC__ Year 705 ( DCCV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 705 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Hybla Minor is annexed by Megara Hyblaea *

704 __NOTOC__ Year 704 ( DCCIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 704 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era be ...

Korinth gives

Samos Samos (, also ; el, Σάμος ) is a Greece, Greek island in the eastern Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off the coast of western Turkey, from which it is separated by the -wide Mycale Strait. It is also a se ...

4 ships *

700 The denomination 700 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Avar and Slavic tribes conq ...

The town of

Phaselis Phaselis ( grc, Φασηλίς) or Faselis ( tr, Faselis) was a Greek and Roman city on the coast of ancient Lycia. Its ruins are located north of the modern town Tekirova in the Kemer district of Antalya Province in Turkey. It lies between ...

is founded by the Rhodians *700 Erythra is annexed by

699 __NOTOC__ Year 699 ( DCXCIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 699 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar e ...

Metapontion is founded by Kroton and Sybaris * 698 Euarchus is overthrown by Leontini * 696

Lefkandi Lefkandi () is a coastal village on the island of Euboea, Greece. Archaeological finds attest to a settlement on the promontory locally known as Xeropolis, while several associated cemeteries have been identified nearby. The settlement site is loca ...

is occupied by Chalcis *

695 __NOTOC__ Year 695 ( DCXCV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 695 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Polieum is founded by Ionians * 691 Antandrus is founded and annexed by Mytilene *

690 __NOTOC__ Year 690 ( DCXC) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 690 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Pheidon Pheidon (Greek: Φείδων) was an Argive ruler during the 7th century BCE and 10th in line to Temenus. He was arguably Argos's most ambitious and successful ruler during the 7th century BCE. There is a possibility that there were in fact two di ...

becomes tyrant of Argos. *

689 __NOTOC__ Year 689 (Roman numerals, DCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 689 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Do ...

Gela is founded by

Cretans Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and ...

and Rodians *

688 __NOTOC__ Year 688 ( DCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 688 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...

Arisba is annexed by

Methymna Mithymna () ( el, Μήθυμνα, also sometimes spelled ''Methymna'') is a town and former municipality on the island of Lesbos, North Aegean, Greece. Since the 2019 local government reform it is part of the municipality of West Lesbos, of wh ...

and Mytilene declares war on Methymna * 687 Annual office of Archon established in Athens. Any Athenian citizen can be elected to the office if they have the qualifications. Creon elected first annual archon. (Dating based on Pausanias). * 686 Methymna is annexed by Mytilene *686 Megara gains independence from Korinth *

685 __NOTOC__ Year 685 ( DCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 685 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

The second Messenian war begins. *685

Chalcedon Chalcedon ( or ; , sometimes transliterated as ''Chalkedon'') was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor. It was located almost directly opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Üsküdar) and it is now a district of the cit ...

is founded by Megarans * 680 Epizephyrian Lokros is founded by

Opus ''Opus'' (pl. ''opera'') is a Latin word meaning "work". Italian equivalents are ''opera'' (singular) and ''opere'' (pl.). Opus or OPUS may refer to: Arts and entertainment Music * Opus number, (abbr. Op.) specifying order of (usually) publicatio ...

* 676

Pergamon Pergamon or Pergamum ( or ; grc-gre, Πέργαμον), also referred to by its modern Greek form Pergamos (), was a rich and powerful ancient Greek city in Mysia. It is located from the modern coastline of the Aegean Sea on a promontory on th ...

is founded by Ionians * 674 Karystus is occupied by Korinth * 672 Abydos is settled by Miletus *

671 __NOTOC__ Year 671 ( DCLXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 671 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar e ...

Melia is destroyed by Samos and

Priene Priene ( grc, Πριήνη, Priēnē; tr, Prien) was an ancient Greek city of Ionia (and member of the Ionian League) located at the base of an escarpment of Mycale, about north of what was then the course of the Maeander River (now called th ...

, Samos builds

Fort Carium A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is also used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin ''fortis'' ("strong") and ''facere'' ...

to replace it and Samos and Priene split Melia * 670 Miletus is sieged by Lydia, Priene is annexed by Lydia, Samos annexes former Melian territory * 669 or 668 Battle of Hysiae *

668 __NOTOC__ Year 668 ( DCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 668 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...

Lydia abandons siege of Mietus * 667 Byzantium is founded by Korinthians * 665 The second Messenian war ends. *

664 __NOTOC__ Year 664 ( DCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 664 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era be ...

Corcyran Revolt and First Sea Battle in ancient Greece between Corcyra and Korinthos *664

Akrai Akrai ( grc, Ἄκραι; la, Acrenses) was a Greek colony founded in Sicily by the Syracusans in 663 BC. It was located near the modern Palazzolo Acreide. History Akrai was among the first colonies of Syracuse founded by Corinthian colon ...

is founded and annexed by Syracuse *

657 __NOTOC__ Year 657 (Roman numerals, DCLVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 657 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domi ...

Cypselus Cypselus ( grc-gre, Κύψελος, ''Kypselos'') was the first tyrant of Corinth in the 7th century BC. With increased wealth and more complicated trade relations and social structures, Greek city-states tended to overthrow their traditional her ...

subjects

Corinth Corinth ( ; el, Κόρινθος, Kórinthos, ) is the successor to an ancient city, and is a former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese (region), Peloponnese, which is located in south-central Greece. Since the 2011 local government refor ...

to tyranny. *657 Founding of Lekas by Corinth *

655 __NOTOC__ Year 655 ( DCLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 655 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Akanthus and

Stageira Stagira (), Stagirus (), or Stageira ( el, Στάγειρα or ) was an ancient Greek city located near the eastern coast of the peninsula of Chalkidice, which is now part of the Greek province of Central Macedonia. It is chiefly known for bei ...

are founded by

Andros Andros ( el, Άνδρος, ) is the northernmost island of the Greek Cyclades archipelago, about southeast of Euboea, and about north of Tinos. It is nearly long, and its greatest breadth is . It is for the most part mountainous, with many ...

i * 654 Abdera is founded by

Klazomenai Klazomenai ( grc, Κλαζομεναί) or Clazomenae was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia and a member of the Ionian League. It was one of the first cities to issue silver coinage. Its ruins are now located in the modern town Urla n ...

tes *

652 __NOTOC__ Year 652 ( DCLII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 652 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era be ...

Ephesus and Priene are sacked by

Cimmerians The Cimmerians (Akkadian: , romanized: ; Hebrew: , romanized: ; Ancient Greek: , romanized: ; Latin: ) were an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people originating in the Caspian steppe, part of whom subsequently migrated into Wes ...

* 651 Levantine War ends, Chalcis wins and annexes Levantine Plain * 650 The Pontic Pentapolis: Apollonia,

Callatis Mangalia (, tr, Mankalya), ancient Callatis ( el, Κάλλατις/Καλλατίς; other historical names: Pangalia, Panglicara, Tomisovara), is a city and a port on the coast of the Black Sea in the south-east of Constanța County, Northern ...

, Mesembria (Nessebar), Odessos (Varna), and Tomis (Constanța), all on the Euxeinos Pontos. *650 Andros,

Kea The kea (; ; ''Nestor notabilis'') is a species of large parrot in the family Nestoridae found in the forested and alpine regions of the South Island of New Zealand. About long, it is mostly olive-green with a brilliant orange under its wing ...

and

Tenos Tinos ( el, Τήνος ) is a Greek island situated in the Aegean Sea. It is located in the Cyclades archipelago. The closest islands are Andros, Delos, and Mykonos. It has a land area of and a 2011 census population of 8,636 inhabitants. Tinos ...

gain independence from Eretria, Cypselus leaves Karystus *650 Syracuse annexes

Pantalica The Necropolis of Pantalica is a collection of cemeteries with rock-cut chamber tombs in southeast Sicily, Italy. Dating from the 13th to the 7th centuries BC, there was thought to be over 5,000 tombs, although the most recent estimate suggests a ...

* 648

Himera Himera (Greek: ), was a large and important ancient Greek city, situated on the north coast of Sicily at the mouth of the river of the same name (the modern Imera Settentrionale), between Panormus (modern Palermo) and Cephaloedium (modern Cef ...

is founded by Zancleans * 645–560

n wars with

Tegea Tegea (; el, Τεγέα) was a settlement in ancient Arcadia, and it is also a former municipality in Arcadia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the Tripoli municipality, of which it is a municipal un ...

all unsuccessful * 643 Kasmenai is founded and annexed by Syracuse * 637–630 Drought on

Thera Santorini ( el, Σαντορίνη, ), officially Thira (Greek: Θήρα ) and classical Greek Thera (English pronunciation ), is an island in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km (120 mi) southeast from the Greek mainland. It is the ...

633 __NOTOC__ Year 633 (Roman numerals, DCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 633 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Dom ...

Ambrakia founded by Tyrant Gorgus and Korinthians * 632 Cylon, Athenian noble, seizes Acropolis and tries unsuccessfully to make himself king *

631 __NOTOC__ Year 631 ( DCXXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 631 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...

Battus establishes a Greek colony in Cyrene in

Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Suda ...

. *

630 Year 630 ( DCXXX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 630 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the ...

Helorus is founded and annexed by Syracuse *630 Histria is established by Milesian settlers in order to facilitate trade with the native Getae. *630 Founding of Tripolis by Samos *630 Formal

pederasty Pederasty or paederasty ( or ) is a sexual relationship between an adult man and a pubescent or adolescent boy. The term ''pederasty'' is primarily used to refer to historical practices of certain cultures, particularly ancient Greece and an ...

is introduced, first in Crete, as a means of population control and an educational modality. * 628

Selinus Selinunte (; grc, Σελῑνοῦς, Selīnoûs ; la, Selīnūs , ; scn, Silinunti ) was a rich and extensive ancient Greek city on the south-western coast of Sicily in Italy. It was situated between the valleys of the Cottone and Modion ...

is founded by Hyblaea Megarans * 627 Epidamos is founded by Kerkyreans *627 Cypselus is succeeded by Periander * 625 Establishment of

Naucratis Naucratis or Naukratis (Ancient Greek: , "Naval Command"; Egyptian: , , , Coptic: ) was a city and trading-post in ancient Egypt, located on the Canopic (western-most) branch of the Nile river, south-east of the Mediterranean sea and the city ...

621 __NOTOC__ Year 621 ( DCXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 621 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Draco Draco is the Latin word for serpent or dragon. Draco or Drako may also refer to: People * Draco (lawgiver) (from Greek: Δράκων; 7th century BC), the first lawgiver of ancient Athens, Greece, from whom the term ''draconian'' is derived * ...

, Athenian lawgiver, issues code of laws, with many crimes punishable by death. *621 Epidaurus is annexed by Korinth *

619 __NOTOC__ Year 619 ( DCXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 619 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era b ...

Herbessus is annexed by Syracuse *

616 __NOTOC__ Year 616 ( DCXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 616 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Miletus is sieged by Lydia *

615 __NOTOC__ Year 615 ( DCXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 615 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Leontini is overthrown by Panaetius * 612 Miletus is overthrown by Thrasybulos * 610

Panticapaeum Panticapaeum ( grc-gre, Παντικάπαιον , from Scythian , "fish-path") was an ancient Greek city on the eastern shore of Crimea, which the Greeks called Taurica. The city lay on the western side of the Cimmerian Bosporus, and was found ...

(modern city

Kerch Kerch ( uk, Керч; russian: Керчь, ; Old East Slavic: Кърчевъ; Ancient Greek: , ''Pantikápaion''; Medieval Greek: ''Bosporos''; crh, , ; tr, Kerç) is a city of regional significance on the Kerch Peninsula in the east of t ...

) is founded by Milesians * 609 Panaetius is oust by Leontini * 606 Gorgus is succeeded by Periander *

604 __NOTOC__ Year 604 (Roman numerals, DCIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 604 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini ...

Lydia abandons the Siege of Miletus * 603 Athenai annexes Sigeion * 601 Miletus and Korinth become allies *

600 __NOTOC__ 600 ( DC) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 600 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the ...

Massalia founded by Phocaean Greeks (approximate date). *600

Segesta Segesta ( grc-gre, Ἔγεστα, ''Egesta'', or , ''Ségesta'', or , ''Aígesta''; scn, Siggésta) was one of the major cities of the Elymians, one of the three indigenous peoples of Sicily. The other major cities of the Elymians were Eryx a ...

Hellenized Hellenization (other British spelling Hellenisation) or Hellenism is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language and identity by non-Greeks. In the ancient period, colonization often led to the Hellenization of indigenous peoples; in th ...

by Ionians *

598 __NOTOC__ Year 598 ( DXCVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 598 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...

Akrillai is founded and annexed by Syracuse *598 Kamarina is founded and annexed by Syracuse * 597 Delphi gains independence from

Kirrha Cirrha or Kirra ( grc, Κίρρα) was a town in ancient Phocis on the coast, which served as the harbour of Delphi. Pausanias erroneously supposes that Cirrha was a later name of the Homeric Crissa. They were two separate towns, with interlink ...

596 __NOTOC__ Year 596 ( DXCVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 596 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era bec ...

Paleopoli is founded by Samosi *

595 __NOTOC__ Year 595 ( DXCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 595 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Salamis is annexed by Athens *595 Start of the

First Sacred War The First Sacred War, or Cirraean War, was fought between the Amphictyonic League of Delphi and the city of Kirrha. At the beginning of the 6th century BC the Pylaeo-Delphic Amphictyony, controlled by the Thessalians, attempted to take hold of the ...

* 594 Kirrha is sieged by

Amphictyonic League In Archaic Greece, an amphictyony ( grc-gre, ἀμφικτυονία, a "league of neighbors"), or amphictyonic league, was an ancient religious association of tribes formed before the rise of the Greek '' poleis''. The six Dorian cities of coast ...

*594

Solon Solon ( grc-gre, Σόλων; BC) was an Athenian statesman, constitutional lawmaker and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline in Archaic Athens.Aristotle ''Politics'' ...

, Athenian statesman, becomes Archon pre-582 BC (cf. ML6 and

Plutarch Plutarch (; grc-gre, Πλούταρχος, ''Ploútarchos''; ; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi. He is known primarily for hi ...

Sol. 14)—later, when member of the

Areopagus The Areopagus () is a prominent rock outcropping located northwest of the Acropolis in Athens, Greece. Its English name is the Late Latin composite form of the Greek name Areios Pagos, translated "Hill of Ares" ( grc, Ἄρειος Πάγος) ...

is appointed to effect social reforms in order to preserve order in

Athens Athens ( ; el, Αθήνα, Athína ; grc, Ἀθῆναι, Athênai (pl.) ) is both the capital and largest city of Greece. With a population close to four million, it is also the seventh largest city in the European Union. Athens dominates ...

, which include the abolition of the security of debts on a debtor's person (Aristotle Ath. Pol. 6), returning exiled Athenian slaves (Solon fr. 4 in Ath. Pol. 12), changing the value of weights and measures to the Korinthian standard, prohibiting the export of grain from

Attica Attica ( el, Αττική, Ancient Greek ''Attikḗ'' or , or ), or the Attic Peninsula, is a historical region that encompasses the city of Athens, the capital of Greece and its countryside. It is a peninsula projecting into the Aegean S ...

and encouraging the planting of olives (Plut. Sol. 22-4), established the property classes (Ar. Ath. Pol. 7) and the council of 400 (Ar. Ath. Pol. 8). *

592 __NOTOC__ Year 592 ( DXCII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 592 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era be ...

Ephesus is sieged by Persia *

590 __NOTOC__ Year 590 ( DXC) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 590 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era bec ...

Siege of Ephesus is abandoned, Lydia annexes Smyrna and Median-Lydian war starts *590 Muorica (Renamed

Modica Modica (; scn, Muòrica) is a city and ''comune'' of 54,456 inhabitants in the Province of Ragusa, Sicily, southern Italy. The city is situated in the Hyblaean Mountains. Modica has neolithic origins and it represents the historical capital ...

) is annexed by Syracuse *590 Sappho, Greek poet, flourishes on island of

Lesbos Lesbos or Lesvos ( el, Λέσβος, Lésvos ) is a Greek island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with approximately of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Asia Minor by the nar ...

. *

589 __NOTOC__ Year 589 ( DLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 589 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...

Klazomenai is sieged by Lydia * 588

Poseidonia Poseidonia ( el, Ποσειδωνία, Posidonía, named after Poseidon) is a village and a former municipality on the island of Syros, in the Cyclades, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Syros-Ermoupoli ...

is founded by Sybaris * 587 Siege of Klazomenai is abandoned by Lydia * 586 Death of Lycophron tyrant of Corcyra *586 Plataea gains independence from Thebai *

585 __NOTOC__ Year 585 ( DLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 585 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

is destroyed *585 Lydian-Median border set at

Halys River Halys may refer to: * Health-adjusted life years (HALYs), a type of disability-adjusted life year which are used in attempts to quantify the burden of disease or disability in populations * Halys River, a western name for the Kızılırmak River (T ...

*585 The philosopher

Thales Thales of Miletus ( ; grc-gre, Θαλῆς; ) was a Greek mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and pre-Socratic philosopher from Miletus in Ionia, Asia Minor. He was one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Many, most notably Aristotle, regarded ...

of Miletus predicts a solar eclipse that occurs during the Battle of Halys. *585 Periander is overthrown by Psammetichus *585 End of the First Sacred War * 583 Psammetichus is overthrown by Korinth *

582 __NOTOC__ Year 582 ( DLXXXII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 582 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...

Akragas Agrigento (; scn, Girgenti or ; grc, Ἀκράγας, translit=Akrágas; la, Agrigentum or ; ar, كركنت, Kirkant, or ''Jirjant'') is a city on the southern coast of Sicily, Italy and capital of the province of Agrigento. It was one of ...

is founded by Gelans *582: First recorded

Pythian Games The Pythian Games ( grc-gre, Πύθια;) were one of the four Panhellenic Games of Ancient Greece. They were held in honour of Apollo at his sanctuary at Delphi every four years, two years after the Olympic Games, and between each Nemean and ...

581 __NOTOC__ Year 581 (Roman numerals, DLXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 581 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Do ...

Selinus attacks

Motya Motya was an ancient and powerful city on San Pantaleo Island off the west coast of Sicily, in the Stagnone Lagoon between Drepanum (modern Trapani) and Lilybaeum (modern Marsala). It is within the present-day commune of Marsala, Italy. Man ...

*581 Korinth join the Peloponnesian League *

580 __NOTOC__ Year 580 (Roman numerals, DLXXX) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 580 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini c ...

Foundation of Parthenope *580 Selinus is defeated by

Carthage Carthage was the capital city of Ancient Carthage, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia. Carthage was one of the most important trading hubs of the Ancient Mediterranean and one of the most affluent cities of the cla ...

and withdraws from Motya *580 Periander is overthrown by democrats in Ambrakia *580

Elis Elis or Ilia ( el, Ηλεία, ''Ileia'') is a historic region in the western part of the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It is administered as a regional unit of the modern region of Western Greece. Its capital is Pyrgos. Until 2011 it was ...

joins the Peloponnesian League *580

Lipari Lipari (; scn, Lìpari) is the largest of the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northern coast of Sicily, southern Italy; it is also the name of the island's main town and ''comune'', which is administratively part of the Metropo ...

is founded by

Knidos Knidos or Cnidus (; grc-gre, Κνίδος, , , Knídos) was a Greek city in ancient Caria and part of the Dorian Hexapolis, in south-western Asia Minor, modern-day Turkey. It was situated on the Datça peninsula, which forms the southern side ...

i *

578 __NOTOC__ Year 578 ( DLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 578 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...

Thrasybulos dies *

575 __NOTOC__ Year 575 ( DLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 575 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Empúries Empúries ( ca, Empúries ) was an ancient city on the Mediterranean coast of Catalonia, Spain. Empúries is also known by its Spanish name, Ampurias ( es, Ampurias ). The city Ἐμπόριον ( el, Ἐμπόριον, Emporion, meaning "tradi ...

, also known as Ampurias (Greek: Ἐμπόριον, Catalan: Empúries �mˈpuɾiəs Spanish: Ampurias mˈpuɾjas, a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain is founded by Greek colonists from Phocaea with the name of Ἐμπόριον (Emporion, meaning "trading place", cf. emporion). * 572 Pisa and Olympia are annexed by Elis * 570 Akragas is overthrown by

Phalaris Phalaris ( el, Φάλαρις) was the tyrant of Akragas (now Agrigento) in Sicily, from approximately 570 to 554 BC. History Phalaris was renowned for his excessive cruelty. Among his alleged atrocities is cannibalism: he was said to have e ...

*570

Phocaea Phocaea or Phokaia (Ancient Greek: Φώκαια, ''Phókaia''; modern-day Foça in Turkey) was an ancient Ionian Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia. Greek colonists from Phocaea founded the colony of Massalia (modern-day Marseille, in ...

ns from Massalia (modern day

Marseille Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Fra ...

) founded the colony of Monoikos (Monaco). * 569

Pythagoras Pythagoras of Samos ( grc, Πυθαγόρας ὁ Σάμιος, Pythagóras ho Sámios, Pythagoras the Samian, or simply ; in Ionian Greek; ) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism. His politi ...

is born. *

565 __NOTOC__ Year 565 (Roman numerals, DLXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 565 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domin ...

Peisistratos Pisistratus or Peisistratus ( grc-gre, Πεισίστρατος ; 600 – 527 BC) was a politician in ancient Athens, ruling as tyrant in the late 560s, the early 550s and from 546 BC until his death. His unification of Attica, the triangular ...

, Athenian general, organizes Diakrioi, party of poor people. *

561 __NOTOC__ Year 561 ( DLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 561 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...

takes power in

for first time. *

560 Year 560 ( DLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 560 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming yea ...

Ephesus is besieged by Lydia *560 Phalaris annexes Himera * 559 Ephesus is annexed by Lydia *559-550 Lydia annexes

Aeolis Aeolis (; grc, Αἰολίς, Aiolís), or Aeolia (; grc, Αἰολία, Aiolía, link=no), was an area that comprised the west and northwestern region of Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey), mostly along the coast, and also several offshore islan ...

and Ionia *559 Achilleion is founded and annexed by Mytilene * 557 Argos is overthrown by Perilaus * 556 Phlius is overthrown by Leo * 555 Helike (

Elche Elche ( ca-valencia, Elx) is a city and municipality of Spain, belonging to the province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community. According to 2014 data, Elche has a population of 228,647 inhabitants,Peisistratos Pisistratus or Peisistratus ( grc-gre, Πεισίστρατος ; 600 – 527 BC) was a politician in ancient Athens, ruling as tyrant in the late 560s, the early 550s and from 546 BC until his death. His unification of Attica, the triangular ...

driven out by Lycurgus who is commander of nobles. *555 Miltiades I unites Thracian Chernessos under his rule *

554 __NOTOC__ Year 554 ( DLIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 554 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

Phalaris is overthrown by Akragas and Himera gains independence *

553 __NOTOC__ Year 553 ( DLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 553 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...

Kamarina declares independence from Syracuse * 552 Kamarina is annexed by Syracuse *

551 __NOTOC__ Year 551 ( DLI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 551 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era beca ...

Telemachus overthrows Akragas * 550

Minoa Minoa was the name of several Bronze-Age port cities on the coasts of the Aegean islands Crete, Paros, Siphnos, Amorgos and Corfu in Greece, as well as the Italian island of Sicily.F. Schachermeyer (1964). ''Die Minoische Kultur des alten Kret ...

is founded by Selinus *550 Odessa is established by the

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

city of Histria. *550 Miltiades II is born * 549

restored by help of

Megacles Megacles or Megakles ( grc, Μεγακλῆς) was the name of several notable men of ancient Athens, as well as an officer of Pyrrhus of Epirus. First archon The first Megacles was possibly a legendary archon of Athens from 922 BC to 892 BC. A ...

. *549

Boeotian League Boeotia ( ), sometimes Latinized as Boiotia or Beotia ( el, Βοιωτία; modern: ; ancient: ), formerly known as Cadmeis, is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the region of Central Greece. Its capital is Livadeia, and its la ...

is founded * 548

sieges Sigeion *

547 __NOTOC__ Year 547 ( DXLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 547 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...

Athens repulses the Lesbans and Sigeion (Now ruled by Hegesistratos) becomes an Athenian vassal *

546 __NOTOC__ Year 546 ( DXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 546 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...

annexes

Kynouria Cynuria ( – ''Kynouria'' or – ''Kynouriake'') is an ancient district on the eastern coast of the Peloponnese, between the Argolis and Laconia, so called from the Cynurians, one of the most ancient tribes in the peninsula. It was believed t ...

, Thyrea and

Kythera Kythira (, ; el, Κύθηρα, , also transliterated as Cythera, Kythera and Kithira) is an island in Greece lying opposite the south-eastern tip of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is traditionally listed as one of the seven main Ionian Islands, ...

from

*546 Croesus, rich king of Lydia, captured at

Sardis Sardis () or Sardes (; Lydian: 𐤳𐤱𐤠𐤭𐤣 ''Sfard''; el, Σάρδεις ''Sardeis''; peo, Sparda; hbo, ספרד ''Sfarad'') was an ancient city at the location of modern ''Sart'' (Sartmahmut before 19 October 2005), near Salihli, ...

Persians The Persians are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian. ...

. * 545 Miletus is overthrown by Molpagoras *545 Lygdamis becomes Tyrant of

Naxos Naxos (; el, Νάξος, ) is a Greek island and the largest of the Cyclades. It was the centre of archaic Cycladic culture. The island is famous as a source of emery, a rock rich in corundum, which until modern times was one of the best ab ...

*545 The

ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic p ...

colony of

Hermonassa Tmutarakan ( rus, Тмутарака́нь, p=tmʊtərɐˈkanʲ, ; uk, Тмуторокань, Tmutorokan) was a medieval Kievan Rus' principality and trading town that controlled the Cimmerian Bosporus, the passage from the Black Sea to the Se ...

(

Krasnodar Krai Krasnodar Krai (russian: Краснода́рский край, r=Krasnodarsky kray, p=krəsnɐˈdarskʲɪj kraj) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of ...

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...

) is founded by

and

. *

544 __NOTOC__ Year 544 ( DXLIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar The Julian calendar, proposed by Roman consul Julius Caesar in 46 BC, was a reform of the Roman calendar. ...

Abdera starts its Golden Age * 543

Phanagoria Phanagoria ( grc, Φαναγόρεια, Phanagóreia; russian: Фанагория, translit=Fanagoriya) was the largest ancient Greek city on the Taman peninsula, spread over two plateaus along the eastern shore of the Cimmerian Bosporus. The ...

, (

), is founded by Teian colonists who had to flee

Asia Minor Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The re ...

in consequence of their conflict with Cyrus the Great. *

542 __NOTOC__ Year 542 ( DXLII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. From this year forward, the appointment of particular Roman consuls was abandoned and the office was merged with t ...

expelled, makes fortune from

Thracian The Thracians (; grc, Θρᾷκες ''Thrāikes''; la, Thraci) were an Indo-European speaking people who inhabited large parts of Eastern and Southeastern Europe in ancient history.. "The Thracians were an Indo-European people who occupied ...

mines. *542 The colony of

Gorgippia Anapa (russian: Ана́па, ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. Population: History The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sin ...

(

) was built by

Pontic Greeks The Pontic Greeks ( pnt, Ρωμαίοι, Ρωμίοι, tr, Pontus Rumları or , el, Πόντιοι, or , , ka, პონტოელი ბერძნები, ), also Pontian Greeks or simply Pontians, are an ethnically Greek group i ...

. * 541 Telemachus is overthrown by Alcamenes * 540 Naxan vassalization of

Paros Paros (; el, Πάρος; Venetian: ''Paro'') is a Greek island in the central Aegean Sea. One of the Cyclades island group, it lies to the west of Naxos, from which it is separated by a channel about wide. It lies approximately south-east of ...

*540 Selinus is overthrown by Theron * 538 Sybaris conquers Siris *538 Samos is overthrown by

Polycrates Polycrates (; grc-gre, Πολυκράτης), son of Aeaces, was the tyrant of Samos from the 540s BC to 522 BC. He had a reputation as both a fierce warrior and an enlightened tyrant. Sources The main source for Polycrates' life and activit ...

536 __NOTOC__ Year 536 (Roman numerals: DXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year after the Consulship of Belisarius. The denomination 536 for this year has been used since the early ...

Samos annexes South

Mycale Mycale (). also Mykale and Mykali ( grc, Μυκάλη, ''Mykálē''), called Samsun Dağı and Dilek Dağı (Dilek Peninsula) in modern Turkey, is a mountain on the west coast of central Anatolia in Turkey, north of the mouth of the Maeander an ...

from Miletus * 535 Perilaus dies *

534 __NOTOC__ Year 534 ( DXXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Iustinianus and Paulinus (or, less frequently, year 128 ...

Athens starts extracting

tribute A tribute (; from Latin ''tributum'', "contribution") is wealth, often in kind, that a party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance or respect. Various ancient states exacted tribute from the rulers of land which the state conqu ...

from

Ios iOS (formerly iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. exclusively for its hardware. It is the operating system that powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone; the term also include ...

532 __NOTOC__ Year 532 ( DXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Second year after the Consulship of Lampadius and Probus (or, less frequently, y ...

Croton is overthrown by Cylonius *532

restored by

Thessaly Thessaly ( el, Θεσσαλία, translit=Thessalía, ; ancient Thessalian: , ) is a traditional geographic and modern administrative region of Greece, comprising most of the ancient region of the same name. Before the Greek Dark Ages, The ...

and

Lygdamis of Naxos Lygdamis ( el, Λύγδαμις) was the tyrant of Naxos, an island in the Cyclades, during the third quarter of the 6th Century BC. He was initially a member of the oligarchy which ruled Naxos. In 546 BC, Lygdamis supported the former Athenian ty ...

. * 531

Ikaria Icaria, also spelled Ikaria ( el, Ικαρία), is a Greek island in the Aegean Sea, 10 nautical miles (19 km) southwest of Samos. According to tradition, it derives its name from Icarus, the son of Daedalus in Greek mythology, who was be ...

is annexed by Samos * 530 Emporion becomes a Carthaginian vassal *530 Maktorion is founded by exiled Gelans *530 Tegea joins the Peloponnesian League * 529 Leo dies *

528 Year 528 ( DXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabbatius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1281 '' Ab ...

Maktorion is abandoned and the settlers move to Gela * 527

dies, succeeded by sons

Hippias Hippias of Elis (; el, Ἱππίας ὁ Ἠλεῖος; late 5th century BC) was a Greek sophist, and a contemporary of Socrates. With an assurance characteristic of the later sophists, he claimed to be regarded as an authority on all subjects ...

and

Hipparchus Hipparchus (; el, Ἵππαρχος, ''Hipparkhos''; BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry, but is most famous for his incidental discovery of the precession of the equi ...

. *527

Rineia Rineia or Rhenea (Ρήνεια), anciently Rheneia ( grc, Ῥήνεια) or Rhenaia (Ῥηναῖα), or Rhene (Ῥήνη), is a Greek island in the Cyclades. It lies just west of the island of Delos and further southwest of the island of Mykonos, ...

and Delos are annexed by Samos * 526 Cylonius is overthrown by Kroton *

525 __NOTOC__ Year 525 ( DXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Probus and Philoxenus (or, less frequently, year 1278 ' ...

Netum is annexed by Syracuse *525 The

city of Euesperides, (modern day Benghazi) is founded by people from Cyrene *525 Persian Cambyses II, son of Cyrus the Great takes Egypt. * 524 Samos annexes Donousa *524 Lgydamis of Naxos is overthrown *

523 __NOTOC__ Year 523 ( DXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Maximus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 127 ...

Chalcedon is annexed by Persian Empire *

522 __NOTOC__ Year 522 ( DXXII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Symmachus and Boethius (or, less frequently, year 1275 ...

Death of Polycrates of Samos and succession of Maiandrios *

521 Z45 45 Year 521 (Roman numerals, DXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Justinian I, Sabbatius and Valerius (or, le ...

Overthrow of Maiandros by Persian backed

Syloson Syloson ( grc-gre, Συλοσών, ''gen''.: Συλοσῶνος) governed Samos as a vassal ruler on behalf of the Achaemenid Persian Empire. He was appointed by king Darius I and was the brother of Polycrates of Samos. When Polycrates became ty ...

* 520 Peithagoras overthrows Theron * 519 Plataea leaves the Boeotian League and is sieged by the latter *519 Miltiades is overthrown by Stesagoras *519 Abydos declares independence from Stesagoras and is led by the Persian Tyrant

Daphnis In Greek mythology, Daphnis (; grc, Δάφνις, from , ''daphne'', "Bay Laurel") was a Sicilian shepherd who was said to be the inventor of pastoral poetry. Family According to tradition, he was the son of Hermes and a nymph, despite which ...

* 518 Athens repulses the Boeotians from Plataea * 517 Sybaris is overthrown by Telys * 516 Miltiades II an Athenian Tyrant succeeds Stesagoras and reincorporates Abydos *516 Cassaibile is annexed by Syracuse *

515 __NOTOC__ Year 515 ( DXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Florentius and Anthemius (or, less frequently, year 126 ...

Molpagoras is succeeded by Histiaeos *515

becomes sole ruler after the death of

. * 514

Tenedos Tenedos (, ''Tenedhos'', ), or Bozcaada in Turkish, is an island of Turkey in the northeastern part of the Aegean Sea. Administratively, the island constitutes the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale Province. With an area of it is the third l ...

, Lesbos and Abydos is annexed by Persian Empire * 513 Miltiades II defects from Athens to Persia *513 Myrcinos is founded by Ionians *513 Persia annexes

Thrace Thrace (; el, Θράκη, Thráki; bg, Тракия, Trakiya; tr, Trakya) or Thrake is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split among Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to ...

(Region) *513 Cinyps, Libya, a failed Greek attempt to build a city under the leadership of

Dorieus Dorieus (died c.510 BC; grc-gre, Δωριεύς) was a Spartan prince of the Agiad dynasty who is mentioned several times in Herodotus. The second son of Anaxandridas II, he was the younger half-brother of Cleomenes I and the elder full brother ...

. * 512 Antandrus is annexed by Persian Empire *512 Persian vassalization of Naxos * 511

Piraeus Piraeus ( ; el, Πειραιάς ; grc, Πειραιεύς ) is a port city within the Athens urban area ("Greater Athens"), in the Attica region of Greece. It is located southwest of Athens' city centre, along the east coast of the Saron ...

is founded and annexed by Athens *511 Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Persian Empire * 510 Kroton annexes Sybaris and overthrows Telys *510

establishes his own school. *510 Peithagoras is overthrown by Euryleon *510 Minoa is renamed Heraclea Minoa *510 Cinyps is annexed by Carthage *

508 __NOTOC__ Year 508 ( DVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Venantius and Celer (or, less frequently, yea ...

Andros and Naxos are annexed by Persian Empire *508

is forced to leave Athens. * 507 Plataea is sieged by Boeotian League *507 Cleisthenes, Greek reformer, takes power, increases democracy. * 506 Boeotian League is repulsed from Plataea by Athens *506 Cumae is overthrown by

Aristodemus In Greek mythology, Aristodemus (Ancient Greek: Ἀριστόδημος) was one of the Heracleidae, son of Aristomachus and brother of Cresphontes and Temenus. He was a great-great-grandson of Heracles and helped lead the fifth and final attac ...

*506 Alcamenes is overthrown by Alcandros *506 The Levantine Plain is conquered by Athens and becomes a Cleurchy * 505 Hegesistratos of Sigeion dies *505 Cleander overthrows Gela *

504 __NOTOC__ Year 504 (DIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Nicomachus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1257 ...

Cleinias overthrows Croton *504 Taras defeats the

Iapygians The Iapygians or Apulians (; el, Ἰάπυγες, ''Ĭāpyges''; la, Iāpyges, Iapygii, Umbrian ''Iabuscer'') were an Indo-European-speaking people, dwelling in an eponymous region of the southeastern Italian Peninsula named Iapygia (modern Apu ...

503 __NOTOC__ Year 503 (Roman numerals, DIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Volusianus and Dixicrates (or, less frequ ...

declares independence from the Persian Empire * 502 Euryleon is overthrown by Selinus *

500 500 may refer to: * 500 (number) * 500 BC * AD 500 Buildings and places * 500 Boylston Street of Boston * 500 Brickell in Miami * 500 Capitol Mall in Sacramento * 500 Fifth Avenue * 500 Renaissance Center, one of seven buildings in the GM Renaiss ...

dies in Croton, Italy, when he was in Metapontum? *500 Heraclea Minoa is sacked by Carthage *500

Morgantina Morgantina (Μοργάντιον / Μοργαντίνη in ancient greek) is an archaeological site in east central Sicily, southern Italy. It is sixty kilometres from the coast of the Ionian Sea, in the province of Enna. The closest modern ...

and

Centuripe Centuripe (Latin: Centuripae; Sicilian: Centorbi) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Enna (Sicily, southern Italy). The city is from Enna in the hill country between the Rivers Dittaìno and Salso. The economy is mostly based on agricu ...

are hellenized and Licodia is founded by Leontini * 499 Miletus Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory) *499 Independence of Paros *499 Alcandros is overthrown by Akragas *499 Ionian Revolt starts *499 Éphesos, Klazomenai, Mílētos, Samos,

Myus Myus ( grc, Μυοῦς), sometimes Myous or Myos, was an ancient Greek city in Caria. It was one of twelve major settlements of the Ionian League. The city was said to have been founded by Cyaretus ( grc, Κυάρητος) (sometimes called Cyd ...

Chios Chios (; el, Χίος, Chíos , traditionally known as Scio in English) is the fifth largest Greek island, situated in the northern Aegean Sea. The island is separated from Turkey by the Chios Strait. Chios is notable for its exports of masti ...

, Samos, Mytilene,

Mylasa Milas ( grc, Μύλασα, Mylasa) is an ancient city and the seat of the district of the same name in Muğla Province in southwestern Turkey. The city commands a region with an active economy and very rich in history and ancient remains, the ter ...

, Termera, Kyme and Priene declare independence from Persian Empire * 498

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...

(Except Amathos),

Caria Caria (; from Greek: Καρία, ''Karia''; tr, Karya) was a region of western Anatolia extending along the coast from mid- Ionia (Mycale) south to Lycia and east to Phrygia. The Ionian and Dorian Greeks colonized the west of it and joined ...

, Paesos, Abydos, Cios,

Percote Percote or Perkote ( grc, Περκώτη) was a town or city of ancient Mysia on the southern (Asian) side of the Hellespont, to the northeast of Troy. Percote is mentioned a few times in Greek mythology, where it plays a very minor role each time. ...

, Lampsakos, Myrcinos, Tenedos, Dardanos, and Byzantium declare independence from Persian Empire *498 Amathos is sieged by Cyprus *498 Cleander is overthrown by

Hippocrates Hippocrates of Kos (; grc-gre, Ἱπποκράτης ὁ Κῷος, Hippokrátēs ho Kôios; ), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history o ...

*498 Hippocrates vassalized Leontini and puts Aenesidemus as tyrant *498 Licodia is annexed by Syracuse * 497

Eion Eion ( grc-gre, Ἠϊών, ''Ēiṓn''), ancient Chrysopolis, was an ancient Greek Eretrian colony in Thracian Macedonia specifically in the region of Edonis. It sat at the mouth of the Strymon River which flows into the Aegean from the interio ...

is sieged by Athens *497 Dardanos, Myrcinos, Abydos, Kyme, Klazomenai, Percote, Lampsakos, Cyprus, Cios and Paesos are reannexed by Persian Empire *497 Catania is vassalized by Hippocrates and Deinmenes is put in charge as tyrant *497 Persian Empire occupies all Carian land north of Pedasos (Carian) *

496 __NOTOC__ Year 496 ( CDXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paulus without colleague (or, less frequently, ye ...

Byzantium is overthrown by Histiaeos *496 Myrcinos is reannexed by the Persian Empire *496 Athenian Tyrant Miltiades II annexes Thracian Chernessos *496 Naxos is vassalized by Hippocrates * 495 Cleinias dies *

494 __NOTOC__ Year 494 ( CDXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rufius and Praesidius (or, less frequently, year 1247 ...

Rhegium is overthrown by

Anaxilas Anaxilas or Anaxilaus ( grc-gre, Ἀναξίλας, Ἀναξίλαος), son of Cretines, was a tyrant of Rhegium (modern Reggio Calabria). He was originally from Messenia, a region in the Peloponnese. Life Anaxilas was master of Rhegium in 494 ...

*494 Zancle is vassalized by Hippocrates and

Scythes Scythes ( grc, Σκύθης, ''Skýthi̱s'') was tyrant or ruler of Zancle in Sicily. He was appointed to that post in about 494 BC by Hippocrates of Gela. The Zanclaeans had contacted Ionian leaders to invite colonists to join them in founding a ...

put in charge *494 Priene, Samos and Miletus are annexed by Persian Empire *

493 Year 493 ( CDXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Albinus and Eusebius (or, less frequently, year 1246 ''Ab urbe c ...

Byzantium sieges Thasus *493 Ionian revolt crushed *493 Zancle is settled by Samian refugees and renamed Messene *493 Zancle is conquered by Rhegion * 492 Kamarina (now rebuilt) and are vassalized by Hippocrates *492 Abdera and Thracian Chernessos are annexed by the Persian Empire * 491 Hippocrates is overthrown by

Gelo Gelon also known as Gelo (Greek: Γέλων ''Gelon'', ''gen.'': Γέλωνος; died 478 BC), son of Deinomenes, was a Greek tyrant of the Sicilian cities Gela and Syracuse, and first of the Deinomenid rulers. Early life Gelon was the son o ...

n *491 Fort Scyllaeum is founded by Rhegion * 490 Aristodemus dies *490 Persian conquest of

Rhodes Rhodes (; el, Ρόδος , translit=Ródos ) is the largest and the historical capital of the Dodecanese islands of Greece. Administratively, the island forms a separate municipality within the Rhodes regional unit, which is part of the S ...

*490 Persian Siege of Naxos (Naxan Victory) *490 Persian conquest of Paros *490 Persian sacking of

*490

Themistocles Themistocles (; grc-gre, Θεμιστοκλῆς; c. 524–459 BC) was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of non-aristocratic politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy. As ...

and Miltiades, Athenians, defeat Darius at Marathon,

Phidippides Pheidippides ( grc-gre, Φειδιππίδης, , ; "Son of Pheídippos") or Philippides (Φιλιππίδης) is the central figure in the story that inspired a modern sporting event, the marathon race. Pheidippides is said to have run from M ...

runs with news. *490 Taras defeats the Iapygians in battle * 488 Akragas is overthrown by Theron * 486 Himera is overthrown by

Terillus Terillus ( el, Τήριλλος; fl. early 5th century BC) was a son of Crinippus, tyrant of Himera, in Sicily. Nothing is known about how Terillus rose to power. Nor is there any information available to historians about the duration or events ...

485 Year 485 ( CDLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Memmius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1238 ''Ab ur ...

Gelon annexes Syracuse (Except Kamarina and Licodia), Gela is given to Hieron *

484 __NOTOC__ Year 484 ( CDLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Venantius and Theodoricus (or, less frequently, year 12 ...

Kamarina is destroyed by Gelon *484

Aeschylus Aeschylus (, ; grc-gre, Αἰσχύλος ; c. 525/524 – c. 456/455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian, and is often described as the father of tragedy. Academic knowledge of the genre begins with his work, and understanding of earlier Greek ...

, Athenian playwright wins his first victory at the

City Dionysia The Dionysia (, , ; Greek: Διονύσια) was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and, from 487 BC, comedies. It was the s ...

. *

483 __NOTOC__ Year 483 ( CDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aginantius without colleague (or, less frequently, ...

Megara Hyblaea and Licodia are destroyed by Gelon *483 Theron puts his son Thrasydaeus in charge of Himera as his vassal *

481 __NOTOC__ Year 481 ( CDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Maecius without colleague (or, less frequently, year ...

Andros,

Aegina Aegina (; el, Αίγινα, ''Aígina'' ; grc, Αἴγῑνα) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, from Athens. Tradition derives the name from Aegina, the mother of the hero Aeacus, who was born on the island and ...

and Akanthus among many other Greek

Poleis ''Polis'' (, ; grc-gre, πόλις, ), plural ''poleis'' (, , ), literally means "city" in Greek. In Ancient Greece, it originally referred to an administrative and religious city center, as distinct from the rest of the city. Later, it also ...

declare allegiance to Persia *481 The Naxos,

Milos Milos or Melos (; el, label=Modern Greek, Μήλος, Mílos, ; grc, Μῆλος, Mêlos) is a volcanic Greek island in the Aegean Sea, just north of the Sea of Crete. Milos is the southwesternmost island in the Cyclades group. The ''Venus d ...

, Sparta, Athens, Korinth, Kythnos and many other Greek Poleis form the Hellenic League to fight against the Persian Empire

Classical Greece (480–323 BC)

480 __NOTOC__ Year 480 (Roman numerals, CDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Basilius without colleague (or, less frequ ...

Aegina and Andros are impressed into the Hellenic League *480 Emporion ousts Carthaginian influences *480

Leonidas Leonidas I (; grc-gre, Λεωνίδας; died 19 September 480 BC) was a List of kings of Sparta#Heraclids, king of the Greek city-state of Sparta, and the 17th of the List of kings of Sparta#Agiad dynasty, Agiad line, a dynasty which claimed d ...

n, sacrifices 300 Spartan soldiers at the Battle of Thermopylae so main force can escape; Xerxes son of Darius is commanding the Persians. *480 Croton, Leucas and Corcyra joins the Hellenic League *480 Simultaneous with Thermopylae, the Greeks and Persians fight to a draw in the naval

Battle of Artemisium The Battle of Artemisium or Artemision was a series of naval engagements over three days during the second Persian invasion of Greece. The battle took place simultaneously with the land battle at Thermopylae, in August or September 480 BC, off t ...

. *480 Boeotia,

and

Phocis Phocis ( el, Φωκίδα ; grc, Φωκίς) is one of the regional units of Greece. It is part of the administrative region of Central Greece. It stretches from the western mountainsides of Parnassus on the east to the mountain range of Var ...

are occupied by Persia *480 Battle of Salamis:

, Athenian general, lures Persians into Bay of Salamis, Xerxes loses and goes home, leaves behind Mardonius. *480 Possibly simultaneous with the Battle of Salamis, Battle of Himera between Carthage and Akragas (Theron)-Syracuse (Gelon)-Himera (Thrasydaeus) *

479 __NOTOC__ Year 479 ( CDLXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Zeno without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1232 ' ...

, Greek general routs Mardonius at the Battle of Plataea. *479 Battle of Mycale *479 Rhodes, Samos, Kos and many Greek cities in Persia begin to declare independence *479 Paros is vassalized by Athens *479 Athens annexes

*479 Sestos is besieged by Athens *479 Boeotian League is dissolved by Hellenic League *479

Sicel The Sicels (; la, Siculi; grc, Σικελοί ''Sikeloi'') were an Italic tribe who inhabited eastern Sicily during the Iron Age. Their neighbours to the west were the Sicani. The Sicels gave Sicily the name it has held since antiquity, b ...

Ducetius Ducetius ( grc, Δουκέτιος) (died 440 BCE) was a Hellenized leader of the Sicels and founder of a united Sicilian state and numerous cities.LiviusDucetius of Sicily Retrieved on 25 April 2006. It is thought he may have been born around ...

overthrows Miniu * 478 Byzantium is besieged by Athens *478 Delian League is founded by Athens and is soon joined by Ionia, Delos,

Kos Kos or Cos (; el, Κως ) is a Greek island, part of the Dodecanese island chain in the southeastern Aegean Sea. Kos is the third largest island of the Dodecanese by area, after Rhodes and Karpathos; it has a population of 36,986 (2021 census), ...

, Euboea,

Tilos Tílos ( el, Τήλος; grc, Τῆλος, Telos) is a small Greek island and municipality located in the Aegean Sea. It is part of the Dodecanese group of islands, and lies midway between Kos and Rhodes. It has a population of 780 inhabitants (2 ...

, Rhodes,

Karpathos Karpathos ( el, Κάρπαθος, ), also Carpathos, is the second largest of the Greek Dodecanese islands, in the southeastern Aegean Sea. Together with the neighboring smaller Saria Island it forms the municipality of Karpathos, which is part o ...

, Athenai, Paros, Troezen, Sifnos, Doris, Aeolis, Andros, Aenea, Akanthos, Samos, Chalcis, Eretria, Chios, Methymna, Chalkidiki, Mutilḗnē, Sigeion, Éphesos and many others *478 Gelon dies and is succeeded by Hieron, Polyzelos is put in control of Gela * 477 The Persian Empire abandons

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a subcontinent of Eurasia and it is located entirel ...

except Doriskus and

*477 Chalcedon, Byzantium, Carystus, Ainos, Perinthos and others join the Delian League *477 Andros is turned into an Athenian cleurchy * 476

Micythus Micythus ( grc, Μίκυθος), son of Choerus, was a 5th-century BC tyrant of Rhegium (modern Reggio Calabria), Zancle (modern Messina). He also founded the city of Pyxus (c. 471 BC). He was at first a slave in the service of Anaxilas, tyra ...

becomes Tyrant of Rhegion after Anaxilas' death *476 Catania is split between Hieron and Ducetius, Catania is renamed

Aetna Aetna Inc. () is an American managed health care company that sells traditional and consumer directed health care insurance and related services, such as medical, pharmaceutical, dental, behavioral health, long-term care, and disability plans, ...

, settled by Dorians and ruled by the Tyrant Deinmenes II *476 Taras allies with Rhegion to protect themselves from the Iapygians, but later lose to them in battle *476 Himera is settled by Doric colonists *476 Sybaris declares independence from Kroton *476–462 Cimon elected general each year *

475 __NOTOC__ Year 475 ( CDLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Zeno without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1228 ...

Sybaris is annexed by Kroton *475 Abdera and Eion join the Delian League *475

Skyros Skyros ( el, Σκύρος, ), in some historical contexts Latinized Scyros ( grc, Σκῦρος, ), is an island in Greece, the southernmost of the Sporades, an archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Around the 2nd millennium BC and slightly later, the ...

is annexed by Athens * 474

Battle of Cumae The Battle of Cumae is the name given to at least two battles between Cumae and the Etruscans: * In 524 BC an invading army of Umbrians, Daunians, Etruscans, and others were defeated by the Greeks of Cumae. * The naval battle in 474 BC was bet ...

*474 Naxos joins the Delian League *474 Hieron occupies the Parthenopean Islands *474

Pindar Pindar (; grc-gre, Πίνδαρος , ; la, Pindarus; ) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes. Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar ...

, Greek poet relocates to Thebes (in Greece) from court at Syracuse. * 473 Taras is defeated by the Iapygians *

472 __NOTOC__ Year 472 ( CDLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Festus and Marcianus (or, less frequently, year 1225 ''A ...

Thrasydaeus annexes Akragas after death of Theron * 471 Naxos leaves the Delian League and is subsequently sieged by Athens *471

ostracized. *

470 __NOTOC__ Year 470 ( CDLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Iordanes (or, less frequently, year 1223 ' ...

Dénia Dénia ( es, Denia) is a historical coastal city in the province of Alicante, Spain, on the Costa Blanca halfway between Alicante and Valencia, and the capital and judicial seat of the ''comarca'' of Marina Alta. Denia's historical heritage ...

, ''Hēmeroskopeion'' ( grc, Ἡμεροσκοπεῖον) is founded by Massaliot Greeks.Strabo, Geography, translated by H.C. Hamilton, Esq., W. Falconer, M.A., Ed. (1903
Strab. 3.4.6
/ref>Greek text: Strabo. ed. A. Meineke, Geographica. Leipzig: Teubner. (1877
Strab. 3.4.6
/ref> The town was situated on the cape then called Artemisium ( grc, Ἀρτεμίσιον) or Dianium ( grc, Διάνιον), named from a temple of Ephesia Artemis built upon it (goddess

Artemis In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Artemis (; grc-gre, Ἄρτεμις) is the goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, wild animals, nature, vegetation, childbirth, care of children, and chastity. She was heavily identified wit ...

was called Diana in Latin). *470 Naxos is impressed into the Delian League *470 Ducetius annexes Ergezio *470 The new urban zone of Neápolis () was founded by citizens of the nearby Greek city of

on the plain of Parthenope after the victorious

469 Year 469 (Roman numerals, CDLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcianus and Zeno (or, less frequently, year 1222 ...

Illios is annexed by Mytilene *469 Klazomenai, Phaselis, Aspendos, Doris and Priene join the Delian League * 468 Thrasydaeus is overthrown by Akragas *468

Sophocles Sophocles (; grc, Σοφοκλῆς, , Sophoklễs; 497/6 – winter 406/5 BC)Sommerstein (2002), p. 41. is one of three ancient Greek tragedians, at least one of whose plays has survived in full. His first plays were written later than, or c ...

, Greek playwright, defeats

for Athenian Prize for drama. *

467 __NOTOC__ Year 467 ( CDLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 467th Year of the Common Era ( CE) and Anno Domini ( AD) designations, the 467th year of the 1st millennium, ...

Micythus steps down to Leophron *

466 __NOTOC__ Year 466 ( CDLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Leo and Tatianus (or, less frequently, year 1219 '' ...

Taras is defeated by the Iapygians *466 Taras' monarchy is overthrown by democrats *466 Thrasybulos succeeds Hieron *

465 __NOTOC__ Year 465 (Roman numerals, CDLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hermenericus and Basiliscus (or, less freq ...

Thasus In Greek mythology, Thasus or Thasos ( or ; Ancient Greek: Θάσος) was a son of PoseidonApollodorus3.1.1/ref> (or, in other versions, Agenor, Pausanias5.25.12 Scholiast on ''Euripides, Phoenissae'6/ref> PhoenixConon, ''Narrations'32/ref> o ...

leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens *465 Abydos and Troad join the Delian League *465 Thracian Chernessos is annexed by Athens *465 Deinmenes II, Aenesidemus, Thrasybulos and Polyzelos are overthrown by their respective cities * 463 Thasus is impressed into the Delian League * 462 Megara leaves the Peloponnesian League *

461 __NOTOC__ Year 461 ( CDLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severinus and Dagalaiphus (or, less frequently, year 1214 ...

Catania, Naxos and Catania declare independence from Syracuse, Dorian settlers are removed from Catania *461 Kamarina is refounded under the Tyranny of Psaumis *461 Cimon ostracized. *461 Thera joins the Peloponnesian League *461 Messene and Rhegion separate and oust Leophron *

460 __NOTOC__ Year 460 ( CDLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Magnus and Apollonius (or, less frequently, year 1213 ''Ab u ...

Taras defeats the Iapygians *460 Aetna is founded *460

First Peloponnesian War The First Peloponnesian War (460–445 BC) was fought between Sparta as the leaders of the Peloponnesian League and Sparta's other allies, most notably Thebes, Greece, Thebes, and the Delian League led by Athens with support from Ancient Argos, ...

Starts * 459 Aegina is besieged by Athens *459:

is annexed by Ducetius *459-455 Siege of Memphis, destruction of the Athenian fleet by

Megabyzus Megabyzus ( grc, Μεγάβυζος, a folk-etymological alteration of Old Persian Bagabuxša, meaning "God saved") was an Achaemenid Persian general, son of Zopyrus, satrap of Babylonia, and grandson of Megabyzus I, one of the seven conspirato ...

* 458 Imbros is annexed by Athens *

457 __NOTOC__ Year 457 ( CDLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantinus and Rufus (or, less frequently, year 1210 ...

Aegina is impressed into the Delian League *457 Delphi is annexed by Phocis *457

Pericles Pericles (; grc-gre, Περικλῆς; c. 495 – 429 BC) was a Greek politician and general during the Golden Age of Athens. He was prominent and influential in Athenian politics, particularly between the Greco-Persian Wars and the Pelo ...

, Athenian statesman begins

Golden Age The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the '' Works and Days'' of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the G ...

, he was taught by Anaxagoras, who believed in dualistic Universe and atoms. *457 Boeotia (Except Thebes), Phocis and Locris join the Delian League *

456 __NOTOC__ Year 456 ( CDLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Avitus without colleague (or, less frequently, year 1209 '' ...

Gythium is raided by Athens *456

Zakynthos Zakynthos (also spelled Zakinthos; el, Ζάκυνθος, Zákynthos ; it, Zacinto ) or Zante (, , ; el, Τζάντε, Tzánte ; from the Venetian form) is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands. Z ...

joins the Delian League *456 Castrugiuvanni (Enna) join Ducetius *456

dies. * 455

Nafpaktos Nafpaktos ( el, Ναύπακτος) is a town and a former municipality in Aetolia-Acarnania, West Greece, situated on a bay on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, west of the mouth of the river Mornos. It is named for Naupaktos (, Latini ...

is impressed into the Delian League and settled with Messenian

Helots The helots (; el, εἵλωτες, ''heílotes'') were a subjugated population that constituted a majority of the population of Laconia and Messenia – the territories ruled by Sparta. There has been controversy since antiquity as to their e ...

454 Year 454 ( CDLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aetius and Studius (or, less frequently, year 1207 ''Ab urbe condit ...

Abacaenum Abacaenum ( grc, Ἀβάκαινον; ) was an ancient city of Sicily, situated about 6.5 km from the north coast, between Tyndaris (modern Tindari) and Mylae (modern Milazzo), and 13 km from the former city. Remains of the city have b ...

is annexed by Ducetius *454 Movement of Delian treasury to Athens and start of the First Athenian Empire *454 Athenian annexation of Delos * 453 Palike is founded by Ducetius * 452 Akragas and Aetna are annexed by Ducetius, Ducetius sieges Motyon *452 Nea Sybaris is founded by Sybarites * 451 Athens besieges

Kition Kition ( Egyptian: ; Phoenician: , , or , ; Ancient Greek: , ; Latin: ) was a city-kingdom on the southern coast of Cyprus (in present-day Larnaca). According to the text on the plaque closest to the excavation pit of the Kathari site (as of ...

*451

Motyon Motyon or Motyum (Greek: ), was a small town or fortress of Sicily, in the territory of Agrigentum (modern Agrigento). It was besieged in 451 BCE by the Siculian chief Ducetius, and fell into his hands after a battle in which he defeated the Agrige ...

is occupied by Ducetius * 450 Naxos becomes a cleurchy *450 Akragas and Motyon are liberated from Ducetius starting a decades long conflict between Syracuse+friends and the Sicels * 449 Delphi declares independence from Phocis *449 Ducetius abandons the Sicel Federation he created and is forced to go into exile at Korinth *449 Morgantina is annexed Syracuse *449

Herodotus Herodotus ( ; grc, , }; BC) was an ancient Greek historian and geographer A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society ...

, Greek Historian, writes History of Greco-Persian War from 490 to 479. * 448 Delphi is annexed by Phocis * 447

Ictinus Ictinus (; el, Ἰκτῖνος, ''Iktinos'') was an architect active in the mid 5th century BC. Ancient sources identify Ictinus and Callicrates as co-architects of the Parthenon. He co-wrote a book on the project – which is now lost – in col ...

and

Callicrates Callicrates or Kallikrates (; el, Καλλικράτης ) was an ancient Greek architect active in the middle of the fifth century BC. He and Ictinus were architects of the Parthenon (Plutarch, ''Pericles'', 13). An inscription identifies him ...

, Greek architects, begin construction of the

Parthenon The Parthenon (; grc, Παρθενών, , ; ell, Παρθενώνας, , ) is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, that was dedicated to the goddess Athena during the fifth century BC. Its decorative sculptures are considere ...

. *447 Nea Sybaris is annexed by Kroton *447 Chalcis leaves the Delian League and is besieged by Athens * 446 Phocis, Locris and Boeotia leave the Delian League, Boeotia unites into the Boeotian League and joins the Peloponnesian League * 446 Megara joins the Peloponnesian League *446 Kale Akte is founded by Ducetius *446 Achaea and Trozen leave the Peloponnesian League and join the Delian League *446-445 Euboean Revolt * 445 Euboea is impressed into the Delian League *445 Histiaea becomes an Athenian cleurchy *445 First Peloponnesian War Ends *445 Troezen is impressed into the Peloponnesian League * 443 Thurii is founded by Sybarites and Various

Hellenes The Greeks or Hellenes (; el, Έλληνες, ''Éllines'' ) are an ethnic group and nation indigenous to the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea regions, namely Greece, Cyprus, Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt, and, to a lesser extent, other ...

441 __NOTOC__ Year 441 ( CDXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Seleucus without colleague (or, less frequently, year ...

Euripides Euripides (; grc, Εὐριπίδης, Eurīpídēs, ; ) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars a ...

, Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize. *441 Sybaris on the Traeis is founded by Sybarites exiled from Thurii *

440 Year 440 (CDXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valentinianus and Anatolius (or, less frequently, year 1193 ''Ab urbe ...

Samos leaves the Delian League and is besieged by Athens *440 Palike is destroyed, ending the Sicel Federation *440 Ducetius dies * 439 Samos is impressed into the Delian League *

438 Year 438 ( CDXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Glabrio (or, less frequently, year 1191 '' Ab ...

Founding of the

Bosporan Kingdom The Bosporan Kingdom, also known as the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus (, ''Vasíleio toú Kimmerikoú Vospórou''), was an ancient Greco-Scythian state located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus, ...

* 437 Newly founded

Amphipolis Amphipolis ( ell, Αμφίπολη, translit=Amfipoli; grc, Ἀμφίπολις, translit=Amphipolis) is a municipality in the Serres regional unit, Macedonia, Greece. The seat of the municipality is Rodolivos. It was an important ancient Gr ...

annexes Eion *437 Athens allies with Messapia *

436 __NOTOC__ Year 436 ( CDXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Isodorus and Senator (or, less frequently, year 1189 ' ...

Taulantii Taulantii or Taulantians ('swallow-men'; Ancient Greek: , or , ; la, Taulantii) were an Illyrian people that lived on the Adriatic coast of southern Illyria (modern Albania). They dominated at various times much of the plain between the rivers ...

-Epidamos War *

435 __NOTOC__ Year 435 (Roman numerals, CDXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Valentinianus (or, less f ...

Phidias Phidias or Pheidias (; grc, Φειδίας, ''Pheidias''; 480 – 430 BC) was a Greek sculptor, painter, and architect. His Statue of Zeus at Olympia was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Phidias also designed the stat ...

, Greek sculptor, completes statue of Zeus at Elis, 1 of 7 wonders of the world. * 434 Epidamos becomes a democracy *434 Epidamos is annexed by Korinth *434 Kerkyra allies with Taulantii and besiege Epidamos *434 Kerkyra seizes Outer Epidamos (City) *434 Battle of Leukimme *434 Kerkyra raids Kyllene *434 Kerkyra joins Delian League *

433 Year 433 ( CDXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Maximus (or, less frequently, year 1186 '' Ab urbe ...

Battle of Sybota The Battle of Sybota ( grc, Σύβοτα) took place in 433 BCE between Corcyra (modern Corfu) and Corinth. It was one of the immediate catalysts for the Peloponnesian War. History Corinth had been in dispute with Corcyra, an old Corinthian col ...

*433 Anactorium is annexed by Korinth * 432 Psaumis dies *432 Potidaea leaves the Delian League and is sieged by Athens *432

Pydna Pydna (in Greek: Πύδνα, older transliteration: Pýdna) was a Greek city in ancient Macedon, the most important in Pieria. Modern Pydna is a small town and a former municipality in the northeastern part of Pieria regional unit, Greece. Sin ...

is besieged by Athens *432 End of "Golden Age" of Athens *

431 Year 431 ( CDXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Bassus and Antiochus (or, less frequently, year 1184 ''Ab urbe c ...

commanded by King

Archidamus II Archidamus II ( grc-gre, Ἀρχίδαμος ; died 427/6 BC) was a king of Sparta who reigned from approximately 469/8 BC to 427/6 BC. His father was Zeuxidamus (called Cyniscos by many Spartans). Zeuxidamus married and had a son, Archi ...

prepares to destroy

thus starting the Peloponnesian War. *431 Plataea is besieged by Thebes *431

Pagae Pagae or Pagai (; grc-x-doric, Παγαί), or Pegae or Pegai ( grc, Πηγαί) was a town of ancient Megaris, on the Alcyonian or Corinthian Gulf. According to some sources of greek mythology Pagae had been the home town of Tereus. It was the ...

and

Atalanta Atalanta (; grc-gre, Ἀταλάντη, Atalantē) meaning "equal in weight", is a heroine in Greek mythology. There are two versions of the huntress Atalanta: one from Arcadia (region), Arcadia, whose parents were Iasus and Clymene (mythology ...

is occupied by Athens *431 Aegina is annexed by Athens *431

Empedocles Empedocles (; grc-gre, Ἐμπεδοκλῆς; , 444–443 BC) was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a native citizen of Akragas, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for originating the cosmogonic theory of the ...

, Greek doctor, believes body has Four Temperaments. *

430 __NOTOC__ Year 430 ( CDXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Theodosius and Valentinianus (or, less frequently, yea ...

Athens abandons the Siege of Pydna *430

Herakleion Heraklion or Iraklion ( ; el, Ηράκλειο, , ) is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Greece with a population of 211,370 (Urban Ar ...

is impressed into the Delian League *430 Spartan Siege of Zakynthos (Local Victory) *430 Failed peace mission by

, bubonic plague year,

takes no prisoners. *430

Leucippus Leucippus (; el, Λεύκιππος, ''Leúkippos''; fl. 5th century BCE) is a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher who has been credited as the first philosopher to develop a theory of atomism. Leucippus' reputation, even in antiquity, was obscured ...

, Greek philosopher, believes every natural event has natural cause. Athenian Plague begins in Athens. * 429 Herakleion is annexed by Macedonia *429 Potidaea is impressed into the Delian League *429 All Chalkidiki cities (Except Mende, Acanthus, Scione, Stagirus and Aphytis) leave the Delian League *429 Athens Siege of

Kydonia Kydonia or Cydonia (; grc, Κυδωνία; lat, Cydonia) was an ancient city-state on the northwest coast of the island of Crete. It is at the site of the modern-day Greek city of Chania. In legend Cydonia was founded by King Cydon (), a son ...

(Local Victory) *429 Phormio, Athenian admiral, wins the Battle of Chalcis/Rhium. *429

dies of Athenian Plague, possibly

typhus Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and a rash. Typically these begin one to two weeks after exposure. ...

or bubonic plague. *429

, Greek doctor, believes diseases have physical cause. *429 First Battle of Naupaktos (Athenian Victory) * 428

Plato Plato ( ; grc-gre, Πλάτων ; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. He founded the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, the first institution ...

born. *428 Mytilene and

Antissa Antissa ( grc, Ἄντισσα) was a city of the island Lesbos (Lesvos), near to Cape Sigrium, the western point of Lesbos. The place had a harbour. The ruins found by Richard Pococke at Calas Limneonas, a little NE. of cape Sigri, may be those ...

leave the Delian league and Mytilene is sieged by Athens, Antissa is sieged by Methymna *428 Illios joins the Delian League * 427 Suppression of Mytilene, Antissa is annexed by Methymna, Mytilene becomes an Athenian Cleurchy, Mytilene Troad joins the Delian League as independent cities *427

dies, Alcidas, Greek admiral sent to help

, raids Ionia and flees after seeing Athenian might. Athenian Plague returns. *427 Plataea is impressed into the Boeotian League and by extension, the Peloponnesian League *427

Aristophanes Aristophanes (; grc, Ἀριστοφάνης, ; c. 446 – c. 386 BC), son of Philippus, of the deme Kydathenaion ( la, Cydathenaeum), was a comic playwright or comedy-writer of ancient Athens and a poet of Old Attic Comedy. Eleven of his for ...

, Greek playwright, wins Athenian Prize. *427 Corcyran Civil War (Democratic Victory) *427 First Athenian Intervention in Sicily begins *426 Megara occupies Pegae *426 Athens sieges Lecus *426 Pylos, Messene, Mylae, Aegitium and Tichium are occupied by Athens, Pylos is founded by escaped

*426 Battle of Tanagra *426 Amfissa joins the Peloponnesian League *426

Ozolian Locris Ozolian Locris ( grc, Ὀζολία Λοκρίς) or Hesperian Locris ( grc, Λοκρίς Ἑσπερία, 3=Western Locris) was a region in Ancient Greece, inhabited by the Ozolian Locrians ( grc-gre, Ὀζολοὶ Λοκροί; la, Locri Ozoli ...

join the Delian League * 426

Demosthenes Demosthenes (; el, Δημοσθένης, translit=Dēmosthénēs; ; 384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator in ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual pr ...

, Athenian general, and

Cleon Cleon (; grc-gre, Κλέων, ; died 422 BC) was an Athenian general during the Peloponnesian War. He was the first prominent representative of the commercial class in Athenian politics, although he was an aristocrat himself. He strongly advocat ...

, Athenian demagogue, revitalizes Athenian forces, makes bold plans opposed by

Nicias Nicias (; Νικίας ''Nikias''; c. 470–413 BC) was an Athenian politician and general during the period of the Peloponnesian War. Nicias was a member of the Athenian aristocracy and had inherited a large fortune from his father, which was inve ...

, his first military campaign barely succeeds. *426 Ambrakia occupies

Olpae Olpae or Olpai ( grc, Ὄλπαι) was a town of ancient Amphilochia, where the Battle of Olpae was fought between the Spartans and the Athenians in 426 BC during the Peloponnesian War. Olpae sat upon a fortified hill, in the territory of A ...

and

*426

Acarnanian League The Acarnanian League ( grc, τὸ κοινὸν τῶν Ἁκαρνάνων, ''to koinon tōn Akarnanōn'') was the tribal confederation, and later a fully-fledged federation ('' koinon''), of the Acarnanians in Classical, Hellenistic, and ear ...

and Amphilochian League are founded and join the Delian League *425 Acarnania occupies Olpae and Argos * 425 Athenian fleet bottles up Spartan navy at Navarino Bay,

resigns. *425 Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League *425 Athens occupies

Sphacteria Sphacteria ( el, Σφακτηρία - ''Sfaktiria'') also known as Sphagia (Σφαγία) is a small island at the entrance to the bay of Pylos in the Peloponnese, Greece. It was the site of three battles: *the 425 BC Battle of Sphacteria in the ...

*425 Morgantina is annexed by Kamarina *425 Ozolian Locris joins the Peloponnesian League *425 Athens withdraws from Lecas and Acarnania *425 Athens withdraws from Messene and Mylae is impressed into the Delian League *424 Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia *424 Eion, Akanthus and Amphipolis are besieged by Sparta *424 Stagira joins the Peloponnesian League *424 Nisaia, and

Siphae Siphae or Siphai ( grc, Σῖφαι), also known as Tipha (Τίφα), was a town of ancient Boeotia, upon the Corinthian Gulf, which was said to have derived its name from Tiphys, the pilot of the Argonauts. In the time of Pausanias the inhabit ...

are occupied by Athenai *424 Thyrea is occupied by Athens * 424 First Athenian Intervention in Sicily ends * 424

Pagondas Pagondas ( el, Παγώνδας; son of Aeolidas, was a Theban general and statesman, who is best known for his command of the Boeotian forces at the Battle of Delium (424 BC) during the Peloponnesian War. His modification of the standard hopli ...

of Thebes (in Greece) crushes Athenian army at the

Battle of Delium The Battle of Delium (or Delion, a city in Boeotia) took place in 424 BC, during the Peloponnesian War. It was fought between the Athenians and the Boeotians, who were allies of the Spartans, and ended with the siege of Delium in the following we ...

Brasidas Brasidas ( el, Βρασίδας, died 422 BC) was the most distinguished Spartan officer during the first decade of the Peloponnesian War who fought in battle of Amphipolis and Pylos. He died during the Second Battle of Amphipolis while winning ...

a Spartan general, has a successful campaign in the Chalcidice, Cleon exiles

Thucydides Thucydides (; grc, , }; BC) was an Athenian historian and general. His '' History of the Peloponnesian War'' recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of " scienti ...

for 20 years for arriving late. *423 Sparta occupied Amphipolis and Scione *423 Torone is occupied by Makedonia *423 Akanthus joins the Peloponnesian League *

423 __NOTOC__ Year 423 ( CDXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marinianus and Asclepiodotus (or, less frequently, year ...

Truce of Laches supposed to stop Brasidas but doesn't, Nicias commands Athenian forces in retaking Mende. *423 Olynthus form the

Chalcidian League The Chalcidian League ( el, Κοινόν τῶν Χαλκιδέων, ''Koinon tōn Chalkideōn'', "League of the Chalcidians"), also referred to as the Olynthians or the Chalcidians in Thrace (, ''Chalkideis epi Thrakēs'') to distinguish them fr ...

independent of the Delian League *422 Stagira is besieged by Athens *422 Neapolis is annexed by Rome *422 Torone and Scione are impressed into the Delian League *

422 __NOTOC__ Year 422 ( CDXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Honorius and Theodosius (or, less frequently, year 117 ...

Cleon meets Brasidas outside of Amphipolis, both are killed (

Battle of Amphipolis The Battle of Amphipolis was fought in 422 BC during the Second Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. It was the culmination of events that began in 424 BC with the capture of Amphipolis by the Spartans. Prelude In 424 BC, in response t ...

). *422 Syracuse annexes the now weak Leontini *

421 __NOTOC__ Year 421 ( CDXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Agricola and Eustathius (or, less frequently, year 117 ...

Peace of Nicias The Peace of Nicias was a peace treaty signed between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta in March 421 BC that ended the first half of the Peloponnesian War. In 425 BC, the Spartans had lost the battles of Pylos and Sphacteria, a severe ...

brings temporary end to war, but Alcibiades, a nephew of

, makes anti-Sparta alliance. *421 Herakleion is impressed into the Delian League *421 Cumae is annexed by

Oscans The Osci (also called Oscans, Opici, Opsci, Obsci, Opicans) were an Italic people of Campania and Latium adiectum before and during Roman times. They spoke the Oscan language, also spoken by the Samnites of Southern Italy. Although the language ...

*421 Athens abandons the Siege of Stagira *421 Delphi declares independence from Phocis *421 Argulus, Apollonia, Potidaea, Akanthus, Stageira and others join the Chalcidian League *

420 420 may refer to: * 420 (number) *420 (cannabis culture), informal reference to cannabis use and celebrations on April 20 ** California Senate Bill 420 or the Medical Marijuana Program Act *AD 420, a year in the 5th century of the Julian calendar * ...

Mantineia Mantineia (also Mantinea ; el, Μαντίνεια; also Koine Greek ''Antigoneia'') was a city in ancient Arcadia, Greece, which was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history. In modern times it is a former municipality in ...

, Argos,

, Sicyon and Achaea betray Sparta and switch to the Delian League *419 Athens occupies Epidauros *

419 Year 419 (Roman numerals, CDXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Monaxius and Plinta (or, less frequently, year 117 ...

King

Agis II Agis II ( grc-gre, Ἄγις; died c. 399 BC) was the 18th Eurypontid king of Sparta, the eldest son of Archidamus II by his first wife, and half-brother of Agesilaus II. He ruled with his Agiad co-monarch Pausanias.418 Battle of Mantinea, greatest land battle of war, gives Sparta victory over Argos, which violated treaty, Alcibiades thrown out, alliance ended. *418 Orchmenos is occupied by Argos *417 Orchmenos is given to Boeotia *417 Sicyon joins the Peloponnesian League *417 Epidauros is occupied by Sparta *416 Melos is besieged by Athens * 416 Alcibiades makes plans, is restored to power. *416 Selinus annexes Segesta's frontier provinces * 416 Massacre of the Melians. * 415 Hermai statues are mutilated in Athens, Alcibiades accused, asks for inquiry, told to set sail for battle (

Sicilian Expedition The Sicilian Expedition was an Athenian military expedition to Sicily, which took place from 415–413 BC during the Peloponnesian War between Athens on one side and Sparta, Syracuse and Corinth on the other. The expedition ended in a devas ...

), is condemned to death in absentia, he defects to

. *415 Many Syracusan cities rebel *415-413 Siege of Syracuse *414-413 Metapontion allies with Athens *

414 __NOTOC__ Year 414 ( CDXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Constans (or, less frequently, year 1167 ...

Lamachus, Athenian commander killed at Syracuse. * 413 Nicias and Demosthenes killed at Syracuse *413 Leontini and Kamarina are vassalized by Syracuse *413 Herakleion is annexed by Makedonia *413 Miletus and Khios betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League *

412 __NOTOC__ Year 412 ( CDXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Europe as the Year of the Consulship of Honorius and Theodosius (or, less frequently, yea ...

Alcibiades is expelled from Sparta, conspires to come back to Athens. *412 Methymna is occupied by Sparta *412 Klazomenai and Kyzikus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League *412 Chios is sieged by Athens *412 Aygrion dies and is succeeded by Aygris *411 Sparta allies with Persia *411 Aspendos is annexed by Persia *411 Kyzikus and Klazomenai are impressed into the Delian League *411

Oropos Oropos ( el, Ωρωπός) is a small town and a municipality in East Attica, Greece. The village of Skala Oropou, within the bounds of the municipality, was the site an important ancient Greek city, Oropus, and the famous nearby sanctuary of ...

is occupied by Boeotia *411 Illios is annexes by

Lampsacus Lampsacus (; grc, Λάμψακος, translit=Lampsakos) was an ancient Greek city strategically located on the eastern side of the Hellespont in the northern Troad. An inhabitant of Lampsacus was called a Lampsacene. The name has been transmitte ...

*411 Athens abandons the Siege of Chios *411 Sparta leaves Methymna *411 Euboea, Byzantium, Abydos, Andros, Antandrus, Lampsacus, Chalcedon and Rodos betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League *411 Abydos is overthrown by Dercylidas *411 Selinus attacks Segesta once again and aggravates Carthage *411 Athens is overthrown by the

Four Hundred 400 (four hundred) is the natural number following 399 and preceding 401. Mathematical properties 400 is the square of 20. 400 is the sum of the powers of 7 from 0 to 3, thus making it a repdigit in base 7 (1111). A circle is divided into ...

410 __NOTOC__ Year 410 ( CDX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year after the Consulship of Honorius and Theodosius (or, less frequently, year 11 ...

After several successes, Athenian demagogue Cleophon rejects Spartan peace offers. *410 Segesta is annexed by Carthage *410 Four Hundred are overthrown by Athens *409 Antandrus is annexed by Persia *409 Abydos is besieged by Athens *409 Sparta sieges Klazomenai *409 Selinus and Himera are sacked by Carthage * 409 Byzantium recaptured by Alcibiades for Athens. *408 The 3 poleis of Rodos unite and build a new capital called Rodos *408 Athens besieges Paleopoli *408 Athens abandons Siege of Abydos *408 Sparta abandons the Siege of Klazomenai * 408 Alcibiades reenters Athens in triumph, Lysander, a Spartan commander, has fleet built at Ephesus. *407 Thermae is founded by Carthage *407 Athens abandons the Siege of Paleopoli *

407 __NOTOC__ Year 407 ( CDVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Honorius and Theodosius(or, less frequently, year 1160 ' ...

Lysander begins destruction of Athenian fleet, Alcibiades stripped of power. *406 Sparta sieges Methymna *406 Akragas is sacked by Carthage * 406 Callicratides, Spartan naval commander, loses

Battle of Arginusae The naval Battle of Arginusae took place in 406 BC during the Peloponnesian War near the city of Canae in the Arginusae islands, east of the island of Lesbos. In the battle, an Athenian fleet commanded by eight strategoi defeated a Spartan fle ...

over blockade of Mitylene harbor, Sparta sues for peace, rejected by Cleophon. *405 Methymna is impressed into the Peloponnesian League *405 Syracuse is overthrown by

Dionysius the Elder Dionysius I or Dionysius the Elder ( 432 – 367 BC) was a Greek tyrant of Syracuse, in Sicily. He conquered several cities in Sicily and southern Italy, opposed Carthage's influence in Sicily and made Syracuse the most powerful of the Western Gre ...

*405 Melos is annexed by Sparta *405 Gela, Kamarina and Akrillai is sacked by Carthage *405 Carthage allow the people of the sacked cities to return as Carthaginian subjects and rebuild their cities *405 Leontini and Morgantina declare independence from Syracuse *405 Carthage annexes Elymi, Sicel and Sican territory *

405 __NOTOC__ Year 405 ( CDV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Stilicho and Anthemius (or, less frequently, year 1158 ''Ab ...

The naval Battle of Aegospotami in which Lysander captures the Athenian fleet, Spartan king

besieges Athens, Cleophon executed, Corinth and Thebes demand destruction of Athens. *405 Klazomenai and Ephesus betray Athens and join the Peloponnesian League. All Carthaginian subjects (Except Ziz, their islands, Motya, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence * 404 Athens capitulates April 25.

Theramenes Theramenes (; grc-gre, Θηραμένης; died 404 BC) was an Classical Athens, Athenian statesman, prominent in the final decade of the Peloponnesian War. He was particularly active during the two periods of Oligarchy, oligarchic government at ...

secures terms, prevents total destruction of Athens, Theramenes and Alcibiades are killed. *404 Delian League is dissolved *404 Korinth leaves the Peloponnesian League *404 Entella is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Carthage *404 Aygris becomes a Syracusan Subject *404 Nafpaktos is annexed by Ozolian Locris *404 Athens is overthrown by the

Thirty 30 (thirty) is the natural number following 29 and preceding 31. In mathematics 30 is an even, composite, pronic number. With 2, 3, and 5 as its prime factors, it is a regular number and the first sphenic number, the smallest of the form ...

*404 Athens joins the Peloponnesian League *403 Aeimnestus, who is loyal to Dionysius, overthrows Castrugiuvanni *403 Aetna is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius *403 Dionysius destroys Naxos and Catania and Sicels split Naxos with Syracuse, Catania is ruled by Campanian mercenaries loyal to Dionysius *403 Athens overthrows the Thirty *403 Athens leaves the Peloponnesian League and refounds the Delian League *402 Elis leaves the Peloponnesian League and is subsequently sieged by Sparta *401 Euboea joins the Delian League *401 Elis is sacked and impressed into the Peloponnesian League *401 Dionysius free Castrugiuvanni from Aeimnestus *401 Poseidonia is annexed by Lucanians *

401 __NOTOC__ Year 401 ( CDI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Vincentius and Fravitus (or, less frequently, year 1154 ' ...

Thucydides, Greek historian, leaves account of " Golden Age of Pericles" and Peloponnesian War at his death (

History of the Peloponnesian War The ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' is a historical account of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), which was fought between the Peloponnesian League (led by Sparta) and the Delian League (led by Athens). It was written by Thucydides, an ...

). *400

Adranon Adranon ( grc, Ἀδρανόν) or Adranos ( grc, Ἀδρανός, links=no), present day Adrano, was an ancient polis on the southwestern slopes of Mount Etna, near Simeto River. It was known for the "simetite" variety of amber. The ancient c ...

is founded by Dionysius *400 Aygris annexes Centuripe *

400 __NOTOC__ Year 400 ( CD) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Stilicho and Aurelianus (or, less frequently, year ...

Democritus Democritus (; el, Δημόκριτος, ''Dēmókritos'', meaning "chosen of the people"; – ) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. No ...

, Greek philosopher, develops

Atomic theory Atomic theory is the scientific theory that matter is composed of particles called atoms. Atomic theory traces its origins to an ancient philosophical tradition known as atomism. According to this idea, if one were to take a lump of matter ...

, believes cause and necessity, nothing comes out of nothing *399 Illios declares independence from Lampsacus *399 Sparta sways Persian Controlled Greek cities near

to their side and march on Egyptian Larissa and siege it *

399 __NOTOC__ Year 399 ( CCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Eutropius and Theodorus (or, less frequently, year 1 ...

Socrates Socrates (; ; –399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy and among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought. An enigmatic figure, Socrates authored no te ...

, Greek philosopher, condemned to death for corrupting youth. *398 Ionia joins the Peloponnesian League *398 All Carthaginian subjects (Except

Ziz ZIZ Broadcasting Corporation commonly referred to as ZIZ, is the government-owned radio and (now cable-only) television service of Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis (), officially the Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevi ...

, their islands,

, Solus, Elymi, Segesta, and Entella) gain independence from Carthage *398 Dionysius sieges Segesta and Entella *398 Mainland territory of Motya is occupied by Dionysius *397 Motya is destroyed by Dionysius and the Carthaginians build Lilybaion to replace it *397 Dionysius abandons the Sieges of Entella and Segesta *397 Eryx, Segesta, Lipari, Messene and Entella are annexed by Carthage *397 Carthage allies with the Sicel cities except Assorus *397 Tauormenion is founded by Carthage to be a supply base, settled by Sicels *397 Carthaginian forces have to go the long way around Mount Etna due to an eruption *397 Catania is occupied by Carthage *397 Battle of Catania *397 Syracuse is besieged by Carthage *396 Carthage lifts the Siege of Syracuse and abandons Eastern Sicily except Messene and Lipari *396 Himera and Selinus are annexed by Carthage *396 Gela, Ergezio, Catania, Adranon, Kamarina and Leontini are annexed by Dionysius *396

Tyndaris Tindari (; scn, Lu Tìnnaru ), ancient Tyndaris ( grc, Τυνδαρίς, Strab.) or Tyndarion (, Ptol.), is a small town, ''frazione'' (suburb or municipal component) in the ''comune'' of Patti and a Latin Catholic titular see. The monumenta ...

is founded by Dionysius to combat piracy and a base of operations *396 Persia annexes Rodos *396 Sparta campaigns in Phrygia *395 Sparta campaigns in Ionia,

and march up to

*395 Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League *395 Cephaloedium is annexed by Dionysius *395 Mylae is annexed by Rhegion *395 Argos, Korinthos and Boeotian League leave the Peloponnesian League *394 Sparta withdraws from

Anatolia Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The ...

*394 All Thracian and Anatolian Greek cities leave the Peloponnesian League (Except Sestos and Abydos) *394 Virtually all Greek Anatolian cities are annexed by Persia *394 Klazomenaites relocate to an island off shore *394 Mylae is annexed by Syracuse *393 Lipari is annexed by Syracuse *393 Italiote League is formed by Sybaris on the Traeis, Croton, Caulonia, Thurii, Rhegium and

Velia , alternate_name = Hyele, Ele, Elea , image = Velia Excavation and Tower.jpg , alt = , caption = View of the excavations and the tower at Velia , map_type = Italy , map_alt = , map_size = , relief = , coordinates = , location = Ve ...

*393 Imbros, Lemnos and Skyros are annexed by Athens *393 Makedonia starts paying tribute to the newly formed

Kingdom of Dardania The Kingdom of Dardania was a polity formed in the central Balkans in the region of Dardania during classical antiquity. It is named after the Dardani, a Paleo-Balkan tribe which formed its population and formed the core of the Dardanian polity. ...

*393 Chalcidian League annexes some Makedonian land *392 Sparta occupies

Lechaeum Lechaeum or Lechaion ( grc, τὸ Λεχαῖον), also called Lecheae and Lecheum, was the port in ancient Corinthia on the Corinthian Gulf connected with the city of Corinth by means of the Long Walls, 12 stadia in length. The Long Walls ran ne ...

*392 Heraclea Minoa, Akragas and Sicani territory are annexed by Carthage *392 Sicel territory is annexed by Dionysius *392 Makedonia stops paying tribute to Dardania *392 Makedonia reannexes the land taken by the Chalcidian League *392

Damastion Damastion ( grc, Δαμάστιον) was an ancient city in the area of central Balkans, known for its silver coins dating back to the 4th century BC. It is attested only in Strabo who says that the city had silver-mines and locates it in Illyria. T ...

is annexed by Dardania *391 Korinth occupies Phlius *391 Tauromenion is overthrown by mercenaries loyal to Dionysius *391 Makedonia starts pays tribute to Dardania *390 The

joins the Peloponnesian League *390 Dercylidas is succeeded by Anaxibios *390 Himera is merged into Thermae *390 Dionysius transfers control of Mylae to Messene *390 Kroton is annexed by Syracuse *390 Argos and Korinth unite into Argo-Korinth, Argos-Korinth *390 Castrugiuvani is annexed by Syracuse *389 Metapontion is annexed by Syracuse *389 Anaxibios is overthrown by Abydos *387 Rhegion is annexed by Syracuse and renamed it to Phoebea *387 BC, 387 Peace of Antalcidas concluded between the Greeks and the Persians that leads to virtually all Greek cities in Asia Minor being annexed by Persia *387 Ancona is founded by

settlers from Syracuse, who gave it its name: ''Ancona'' stems from the Greek word Ἀγκών (Ankòn), meaning "elbow" *387 Argos and Korinth split *387 All cities gain independence and all league except the Peloponnesian League are disbanded *386 Phlius becomes a democracy *385 Dardania attacks Molossians, Molossia *385 The Ancient Greece, Greeks colonized the island of Pharos (Hvar, Hvar, Croatia). *384 Dionysius occupies Pyrgi and Caere *384 Chalcidian League annexes Makedonia land including Pella *383 Gela gains independence from Syracuse *383 Dionysius leaves Etruscan civilization, Eturia *383

besieges Pharos *383 Potidaea leaves the Chalcidian League *382 Thebes is overthrown by Leontiades and Archias *382 Thebes is impressed into the Peloponnesian League *380 Sparta besieges Phlius *380 Makedonia recaptures their former territory *379 Kroton is annexed by Dionysius *379 Phlius is impressed into the Peloponnesian League *379 The Chalcidian League is disbanded and its former members are impressed into the Peloponnesian League and Potidaea and Korinth also join the league *379 Leontiades and Archias are overthrown and Thebes leaves the Peloponnesian League *379 Sparta occupies Thespiae *378 Themison of Eretria, Themison overthrows Eretria *377 The Boeotian League is refounded by Thebes *376 Abdera is sacked by the Triballi and Maroneia *376 Thespiae and the rest of Boeotia are liberated and join the Boeotian League *375 The Acarnanian League defects from the Peloponnesian League and joins the Delian League *375 Chalcidian League is reestablished by Olynthus and joins the Delian League *373 Kerkyra is besieged by Sparta *371 Sparta leaves Kerkyra *370 Gythium is occupied by Thebes *370 Heraclea Sintica is founded by Makedonia *369 Korinth is overthrown by Timophanes *368 Aetolian League is founded *367 Daparria is annexed by Dardania *367 Kroton is annexed by Bruttians, Bruttian League *366 Opos, Opus declares independence from Athens with the help of Themison *365 Opus requests Thebes to protect them from Athens and sends a garrison. Opus is impressed into the Boeotian League *364 Timophanes is assassinated *364 Orchmenus leaves the Boeotian League and is subsequently sieged by Thebes *363 Orchmenus is impressed into the Boeotian League *363 Pydna is impressed into the Delian League *362 Themison dies and is succeeded by Plutarch of Eretria, Plutarch *361 Potidaea and Torone are impressed into the Delian League and become Athenian Cluerchies *360 Tauromenion overthrows the mercenaries and falls under the tyranny of Andromache *360 Illios is overthrown by Charidemus, Charidemos *360 Abydos is overthrown by Iphiades *359 Charidemos is overthrown by Illios *359 Dardania annexes Lake Ohrid and Upper Macedonia *359 Archelaus (son of Amyntas), Archelaus annexes Methone (Pieria), Greece, Methone, Aegae (Macedon), Aegae and Pydna *358 Archelaus is annexed by Makedonia *358 Macedonia reannexes Lake Ohrid, Lynkestis and Upper Macedonia from Dardania *358 Makedonia annexes Paeonia (kingdom), Paeonia *357 Social War (357–355 BC), Social War Starts *357

, Khios, Rodos and Byzantium leave the Delian League *357 Makedonia annexes Pydna and Amphipolis *357 Dionysius II is overthrown by Dion of Syracuse, Dion *356 Phocis annexes Delphi *356 Locris is annexed by Dionysius II *356 Lemnos, Samos and Imbros is occupied by Chios and leave the Delian League *356 Makedonia annexes Krinides, Crenides, renames it Philippi and settles it with Makedonians *356 Makedonian border set on Nestos (river), Nestus river *356 Potidaea and Anthemous, Anthemus are annexed by Chalcidian League *356 Makedonia besieges Methone *356 Lokros is overthrown by Dionysius II *355 Social War Ends *355 Argolas is besieged by Phocis *355 Dion is overthrown by Callippus of Syracuse, Callipus *354 Methone and Abdera are annexed by Makedonia *354 Phocis abandons the Siege of Argolas *354

is vassalized by Phocis *353 Catania is annexed by Callipus *353 Makedonia occupied Pagasae *353 Thessaly is vassalized by Makedonia *352 Callipus is overthrown by Hipparinos (Callipus keeps Catania) *352 Nicodemus overthrows Centuripe *352 Orchmenus and Chaeronea are occupied by Phocis *351 Rhegion is annexed by Callipus *350 Akanthos (Greece), Akanthos is annexed by Makedonia *350 Nice, Nice (Nicaea) is founded by the Ancient Greece, Greeks of Massalia (

), and was given the name of ''Nikaia'' (Νίκαια) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring Ligures, Ligurians; Nike (mythology), Nike (Νίκη) was the Greek mythology, Greek goddess of victory. *350 Hipparinos is overthrown by Aretaeus *350 Mamercus of Catane, Mamercus ousts Callippus from Catania *349 Plutarch is expelled from Eretria *349 Aretaeus is overthrown by Nysaios *348 Stagira is annexed by Makedonia *348 Callipus is overthrown by Leptines II, Leptines *347 Leontini is overthrown by Hicetas of Leontini, Hicetas *347 BC, 347

, Greek philosopher, founder of Academy, dies. *347 Methymna is overthrown by Kleommis *346 Phocis withdraws from Boeotia *346 Dionysius II leaves Locris and overthrows Nysaios *346 Lyctus, Lyttos is besieged by Knossos *346 Makedonia occupies Thermopylae and Antikyra, Nicaea is occupied by Thessaly *345 Makedonia withdraws from Thermopylae and Antikyra *345 Grabaei becomes a vassal of Macedonia *345 Hicetas sieges Syracuse and seizes Syracuse's territory *345 The Pro-Makedonian Tyrant Hipparchus of Euboea, Hipparchus overthrows Eretria *345 Mainland Syracuse, Sicily, Syracuse (City) is occupied by Hicetas leaving only the citadel in Dionysius' control *344 Macedonia occupies Illios and annexes Tenedos *344 Siege of Lyttos lifted by Knossos *344 Knossos besieges

*344 Hicetas is repulsed by Timoleon from Syracuse *344 Timoleon takes control of all Syracusan forces outside the citadel *343 Messene is rebuilt by Timoelon, Adranon is freed from mercenary control, Nicodemus is overthrown by Centuripe with help of Timoleon *343 Timoleon annexes the citadel *343 Siege of Kydonia is lifted by Knossos *342 Rhegion is freed by Timoleon *342 BC, 342

, Greek philosopher, begins teaching Alexander, son of Philip II of Macedon, Philip of Macedon. *341 Hipparchus is overthrown by Athenian forces and impressed into the Delian league *341 Samothrace is annexed by Makedonia *340 Antipolis (modern day Antibes) is founded by Phocaean Greeks from Marseilles, Massilia. *340 Skyros is annexed by Makedonia *340 Entella is freed by Timoleon *339 Elateia is occupied by Makedonia *339 Agyris and Aetna are freed by Timoleon *339 Nicaea is occupied by Boeotia *338 Amphissa is annexed by Delphi *338 Thyrea is annexed by Argos *338 Mamercus dies *338 Cumae is annexed by Roman Republic, Rome *338 Leontini is freed by Timoleon *338 Nafpaktos joins the Aetolian League *338 BC, 338 King Philip II of Macedon defeats Athens and Thebes at Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), Battle of Chaeronea August 2 and establishes League of Corinth during winter of 338 BC/337 BC. *337 Amfissa declares independence from Delphi *336 Timoleon dies *336

is annexed by Makedonia *336 BC, 336 Alexander the Great, Alexander succeeds father Philip II, who was assassinated by Pausanias of Orestis. *334 Andromache dies and his city is annexed by Syracuse *334 BC, 334 Battle of the Granicus *333 Samnium, Saminum is occupied by Epirus (ancient state), Epirus *333 BC, 333 Alexander defeats Persians at Battle of Issus, but Darius III escapes. *332 Epirus (ancient state), Epirus occupies Heraclea Lucania, Heraclea, Metapontum, Metapontium, Southern Lucania, Daunians, Daunia, Paestum, Terina (ancient city), Terina and Siponto, Sipontum *332 Siege of Tyre (332 BC), Siege of Tyre *332 Siege of Gaza *332 BC, 332 Alexander conquers Egypt. *332 BC, 332 Alexandria is founded by Alexander the Great *331 Epirus (ancient state), Epirus occupies Cosentia *331 Battle of Pandosia *331 Jerash, Gerasa (Jordan) is founded by Makedonian veterans *331 BC, 331 at Battle of Gaugamela October 1, Alexander ends Achaemenid Dynasty and conquers Achaemenid Empire, Persian Empire. *331 Alexander the Great enters in Babylon *331 Tauromenion is freed by Carthage *331 BC, 331 Battle of the Uxian Defile (East of Susa, Iran) *330 Sparta joins the League of Corinth *330 Battle of the Persian Gate, destruction of Persepolis (modern Iran) *330-325 Pytheas makes the earliest Greeks, Greek voyage to Great Britain and the Arctic Circle for which there is a record. *329 BC, 329 Siege of Cyropolis *329 BC, 329 Battle of Jaxartes *329 BC, 329 Alexander conquers Samarkand, Uzbekistan *329 Alexander the Great founds Alexandria Eschate in modern Tajikistan *329-160 Dayuan, Dayuan Kingdom. *328 Sybaris on the Traeis is annexed by Bruttian League *327 Oenidae is impressed into the Aetolian League *327 BC, 327 Under the command of Alexander the Great the forces of the League of Corinth, Hellenic League captures the fortress of the Sogdian Rock. Sogdiana and the Kabul region came under Hellenic control *327 BC, 327 Alexander invades India, northern India, but his army is despondent and refuses to march further eastwards. *326 Battle of the Hydaspes *326 Samos joins the Delian League *326 Alexandria Bucephalous (located on the Hydaspes river, Pakistan) is founded by Alexander the Great in memory of his beloved horse Bucephalus *325 Nearchus serving under Alexander the Great discovers Tylos (the name used by the Greeks to refer to Bahrain).Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society By Curtis E. Larsen p. 50 *324 Kroton is overthrown by List of ancient Greek tyrants, Menedemus *324 Charax Spasinu, one of Alexander the Great, Alexander's last cities before his death, is established at the head of the Persian Gulf (modern Iran) replacing a small Persian settlement, Durine.

Hellenistic Greece (323–146 BC)

*323 BC, 323 King Alexander dies, his generals vie for power in Wars of the Diadochi *322 BC, 322–320 BC, 320 First War of the Diadochi. *320 BC, 320 Partition of Triparadisus. *320 BC, 320–311 BC, 311 Second War of the Diadochi. *316 BC, 316 Menander, Greek playwright, wins Athenian prize. *312 BC, 312–63 BC, 63 Seleucid Empire. *310 BC, 310 Zeno of Citium founds his Stoicism, stoic school in Athens. *310 BC, 310 Battle of White Tunis (310 BC), Battle of White Tunis (near modern Tunis, Tunisia) *307 BC, 307 Epicurus founds his philosophic school in Athens. *305 BC, 305–30 BC, 30 Ptolemaic Kingdom. *305 BC, 305 Seleucia, also known as or (modern Iraq) is founded by Seleucus I Nicator *301 BC, 301 Battle of Ipsus. *300 BC, 300 Antioch, is founded by Seleucus I Nicator in honor of his father Antiochus (father of Seleucus I Nicator), Antiochus *300 BC, 300 Euclid, Greek mathematician, publishes ''Euclid's Elements, Elements,'' treating both geometry and number theory (see also Euclidean algorithm). *295 BC, 295

falls to Demetrius I of Macedon, Demetrius, Lachares killed. *282 BC, 282–133 BC, 133 Attalid dynasty, Kingdom of Pergamon. *281 BC, 281 Creation of the Achaean League. *280 BC, 280 The Greek colony of Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) is founded (modern day Split (city), Split). *280 BC, 280–275 BC, 275 Pyrrhic War. *279 BC, 279 Gallic invasion of the Balkans. *274 BC, 274–271 BC, 271 First Syrian War. *267 BC, 267–262 BC, 262 Chremonidean War. *265 BC, 265 Archimedes, Greek mathematician, develops Archimedes' screw, specific gravity, center of gravity; anticipates discoveries of integral calculus. *260 BC, 260–253 BC, 253 Second Syrian War. *256 BC, 256–125 BC, 125 Greco-Bactrian Kingdom. *246 BC, 246–241 BC, 241 Third Syrian War. *235 BC, 235 Tanais, Tanais (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) is founded by merchant adventurers from Miletus *220 BC, 220 Euthydemus I of the Greco-Bactrians led expeditions as far as Kashgar and Ürümqi in Xinjiang, leading to the first known contacts between China and the West. *219 BC, 219–217 BC, 217 Fourth Syrian War. *214 BC, 214–205 BC, 205 First Macedonian War. *203 BC, 203–200 BC, 200 Fifth Syrian War. *200 BC, 200–196 BC, 196 Second Macedonian War. *192 BC, 192–188 BC, 188 Roman–Syrian War. *180 BC, 180–10 AD Indo-Greek Kingdom. *172 BC, 172–167 BC, 167 Third Macedonian War. *170 BC, 170–168 BC, 168 Sixth Syrian War. *155 BC Attack of the Indo-Greeks on Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes, who describes the ultimate destruction of the city's walls."The text of the Yuga Purana, as we have shown, gives an explicit clue to the period and nature of the invasion of Pataliputra in which the Indo-Greeks took part, for it says that the Pancalas and the Mathuras were the other powers who attacked Saketa and destroyed Pataliputra", Narain, ''The Indo-Greeks'', p. 112. *150 BC King Attalus II Philadelphus, Attalus II of

founds the city of ''Attaleia'' or Antalya in his honour. *150 BC, 150–148 BC, 148 Fourth Macedonian War. *146 BC, 146–146 BC, 146 Battle of Corinth (146 BC), Battle of Corinth

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Greece, Ancient Ancient timelines Greek timelines, Ancient Greece Ancient Greece-related lists

Archaic Period (785–481 BC)

Classical Greece (480–323 BC)

Hellenistic Greece (323–146 BC)

See also

References