This is a timeline of Peruvian history, comprising important legal & territorial changes and political events in Peru and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see

History of Peru The history of Peru spans 10 millennia, extending back through several stages of cultural development along the country's desert coastline and in the Andes mountains. Peru's coast was home to the Norte Chico civilization, the oldest civilization ...

. See also the list of presidents of Peru.

13th century

14th century

15th century

16th century

1586 St rose of lima was born

17th century

18th century

{, class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" , Year , , style="width:10%" , Date , , Event , - , 1717 , , , , The New Kingdom of Granada became an independent

viceroy A viceroy () is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory. The term derives from the Latin prefix ''vice-'', meaning "in the place of" and the French word ''roy'', meaning " ...

alty under the Spanish crown. , - , 1742 , , , ,

Juan Santos Atahualpa Juan Santos Atahualpa Apu-Inca Huayna Capac (c. 1710 – c. 1756) was the messianic leader of a successful indigenous rebellion in the Amazon Basin and Andean foothills against the Viceroyalty of Peru in the Spanish Empire. The rebellion began i ...

led a failed uprising against the Spanish colonial government. , - , 1776 , , , , The

Governorate of the Río de la Plata The Governorate of the Río de la Plata (1549−1776) ( es, Gobernación del Río de la Plata, links=no, ) was one of the governorates of the Spanish Empire. It was created in 1549 by Spain in the area around the Río de la Plata. It was at fir ...

was spun off as an independent

alty. , - , 1780 , , 18 November , , '' Battle of Sangarará'': Indigenous rebels led by

Túpac Amaru II José Gabriel Condorcanqui ( – May 18, 1781)known as Túpac Amaru II was an indigenous Cacique who led a large Andean rebellion against the Spanish in Peru. He later became a mythical figure in the Peruvian struggle for independence and ...

soundly defeated a numerically inferior Spanish force while they attended church. , - , 1781 , , 18 May , ,

was drawn and quartered in

Cuzco Cusco, often spelled Cuzco (; qu, Qusqu ()), is a city in Southeastern Peru near the Urubamba Valley of the Andes mountain range. It is the capital of the Cusco Region and of the Cusco Province. The city is the seventh most populous in Peru; ...

19th century

{, class="wikitable" width="100%" ! style="width:6%" , Year , , style="width:10%" , Date , , Event , - , 1810 , , 25 May , , Viceroy

José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, 1st Marquess of Concordia, KOS ( es, José Fernando de Abascal y Sousa, primer Marqués de la Concordia), (sometimes spelled ''Souza'') (June 3, 1743 in Oviedo, Asturias, Spain – June 30, 1821 in Madrid) was a ...

sent troops to Córdoba, Potosí, La Paz and Charcas and reincorporated them into the

Viceroyalty of Peru The Viceroyalty of Peru ( es, Virreinato del Perú, links=no) was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in South America, governed fro ...

. , −1816 , , San Martin's Argentina had declared its independence. , - , 1815 , , 15 October , , By royal order, Joaquín de la Pezuela was named

of Peru to replace Abascal. , - , 1820 , , 20 September , , An Argentine army led by

José de San Martín José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 177817 August 1850), known simply as José de San Martín () or '' the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru'', was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and centr ...

landed at Paracas. , - , rowspan="3" valign="top" , 1821 , , 29 January , , Pezuela was deposed.

José de la Serna José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacul ...

was proclaimed

. , - , 6 July , , De la Serna moved the capital to

. , - , 28 July , , '' Peruvian War of Independence'': San Martín declared the independence of Peru. , - , 1824 , , 9 December , , ''

Battle of Ayacucho The Battle of Ayacucho ( es, Batalla de Ayacucho, ) was a decisive military encounter during the Peruvian War of Independence. This battle secured the independence of Peru and ensured independence for the rest of South America. In Peru it is co ...

'': The Spanish army was defeated, marking the end of Spanish rule in South America. , - , 1837 , , 9 May , , The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was established. , - , 1839 , , 25 August , , The Peru-Bolivian Confederacy was officially dissolved. , - , 1866 , , 2 May , , A Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez besieged the port city of Callao. , - , 1879 , , 5 April , , ''

War of the Pacific The War of the Pacific ( es, link=no, Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Saltpeter War ( es, link=no, Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought ...

'':

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

declared war on Peru and Bolivia. , - , 1883 , , 20 October , , ''War of the Pacific'': Under the

Treaty of Ancón The Treaty of Ancón was a peace treaty signed by Chile and Peru on 20 October 1883, in Ancón, near Lima. It was intended to settle the two nations' remaining territorial differences at the conclusion of their involvement in the War of the Paci ...

, the war ended with the cession of Peru's Tarapacá Province to

20th century

{, class="wikitable" ! style="width:6%" , Year , , style="width:10%" , Date , , Event , - , 1948 , , 29 October , , A military ''coup'' , 1956 , , , , Odría allowed free elections. , - , 1968 , , 3 October , , General Juan Velasco Alvarado seized power in a military ''coup''. , - , 1975 , , 29 August , , A number of prominent military commanders overthrew the Alvarado government and installed General

Francisco Morales Bermúdez Francisco Remigio Morales Bermúdez Cerruti (4 October 1921 – 14 July 2022) was a Peruvian politician and general who was the ''de facto'' President of Peru (2nd President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces) between 1975 and ...

in the presidency. , - , 1979 , , 12 July , , A new constitution came into force. , - , 1985 , , 14 April , ,

Alan García Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (; 23 May 1949 – 17 April 2019) was a Peruvian politician who served as President of Peru for two non-consecutive terms from 1985 to 1990 and from 2006 to 2011. He was the second leader of the Peruvian Apris ...

won election to the Presidency. , - , 1990 , , 8 April , ,

Alberto Fujimori Alberto Kenya Fujimori Inomoto ( or ; born 28 July 1938) is a Peruvian politician, professor and former engineer who was President of Peru from 28 July 1990 until 22 November 2000. Frequently described as a dictator, * * * * * * he remains a ...

defeated

Mario Vargas Llosa Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa (born 28 March 1936), more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa (, ), is a Peruvian novelist, journalist, essayist and former politician, who also holds Spanish citizenship. Vargas Ll ...

in a presidential election. , - , rowspan="2" valign="top" , 1992 , , 5 April , , Fujimori declares a

self-coup A self-coup, also called autocoup (from the es, autogolpe), is a form of coup d'état in which a nation's head, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay in power through illegal means. The leader may dissolve or render powerless ...

and dissolves the

Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

. , - , 12 September , , The

Maoist Maoism, officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realise a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of Ch ...

leader Abimael Guzmán was arrested in

Lima Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of ...

. , - , rowspan="2" valign="top" , 1995 , , 26 January , , ''

Cenepa War The Cenepa War (26 January – 28 February 1995), also known as the Alto Cenepa War, was a brief and localized military conflict between Ecuador and Peru, fought over control of an area in Peruvian territory (i.e. in the eastern side of the Cord ...

'': The war broke out. , - , 9 April , , '' 1995 Peruvian general election'': Fujimori was re-elected president of Perú. , - , 1996 , , 17 December , , The terrorist group Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement (MRTA) took hostage hundreds of high-level diplomats, government and military officials and business executives who were attending a party at the official residence of Japan's ambassador to Peru. , - , 1997 , , 22 April , , The Peruvian army mounted a dramatic raid on the residence. Fourteen members of the MRTA were killed, crippling the organization, and the hostages were freed. , - , 2000 , 24 June ,

wins reelection for a third term, later resigning at the threat of impeachment.

21st century

{, class="wikitable" ! style="width:6%" , Year , , style="width:10%" , Date , , Event , - , rowspan="2" valign="top" , 2001 , , 8 April , , '' 2001 Peruvian general election'': Possible Peru won a plurality of APRA. , - , 3 June , , ''Peruvian general election, 2001'': Toledo won the presidency. , - , rowspan="2" valign="top" , 2003 , , 26 May , , Toledo declared a state of emergency in response to a series of paralyzing strikes. , - , 14 July , , Birth of Jose Diego Salazar in

Trujillo, Peru , population_note = , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = 13001 , area_code = 044 , website Municipality of Trujillo, footnotes ...

. , - , rowspan="2" valign="top" , 2006 , , 9 April , , ''

2006 Peruvian general election General elections were held in Peru in on 9 April 2006 to elect the President, two Vice-Presidents, 120 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament for the 2006–2011 period. As the no presidential candidate received a majority ...

'': Union for Peru won a plurality of seats in the

. Their presidential candidate,

Ollanta Humala Lieutenant colonel Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso (; born 27 June 1962) is a Peruvian politician and former military officer who served as President of Peru from 2011 to 2016. Originally a socialist and left-wing nationalist, he is considered ...

, went into a runoff against García. , - , 4 June , , García won the presidency. , - , 2007 , , 15 August , , '' 2007 Peru earthquake'': A 7.9 earthquake hit

Pisco Province Pisco is a province of the Ica Region in Peru. Its capital is the town of Pisco, where the popular liquor of the same name originated. Geography Boundaries * North: Chincha Province, Castrovirreyna Province ( Huancavelica Region) * East: Hu ...

. , - , 2010 , 1 , Peru celebrates Peruvian novelist Mario Varga Llosa's achievement in receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. , - , 2011 , 28 July ,

is inaugurated, winning the presidency over Keiko Fujimori. , - , 2016 , 28 July ,

Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Pedro is a masculine given name. Pedro is the Spanish, Portuguese, and Galician name for ''Peter''. Its French equivalent is Pierre while its English and Germanic form is Peter. The counterpart patronymic surname of the name Pedro, meaning " ...

is inaugurated as

President of Peru The president of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Perú), officially called the president of the Republic of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente de la República del Perú), is the head of state and head of government of Peru. The president is th ...

, prevailing over former President

's daughter,

Keiko Fujimori Keiko Sofía Fujimori Higuchi (; ja, 藤森恵子, Fujimori Keiko; born 25 May 1975) is a Peruvian politician. Fujimori is the eldest daughter of former Peruvian president Alberto Fujimori and Susana Higuchi. From August 1994 to November 200 ...

. , - , 2017 , 24 December , Kuczynski pardons former President

, who was sentenced for 25 years with manslaughter, corruption, bribery, and violation of human rights. , - , 2018 , 21 March , Amidst a political crisis,

resigns the presidency in the threat of impeachment for corruption and bribery. First

Vice President A vice president, also director in British English, is an officer in government or business who is below the president (chief executive officer) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on ...

Martin Vizcarra assumes the presidency until the remainder of Kuczynski's term in 20

External links

* {{Peru year nav

Peruvian Peruvians ( es, peruanos) are the citizens of Peru. There were Andean and coastal ancient civilizations like Caral, which inhabited what is now Peruvian territory for several millennia before the Spanish conquest of Peru, Spanish conquest in th ...