The following is a

timeline A timeline is a display of a list of events in chronological order. It is typically a graphic design showing a long bar labelled with dates paralleling it, and usually contemporaneous events. Timelines can use any suitable scale represen ...

of the

history History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well ...

of the city of

Mecca Mecca (; officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah ()) is a city and administrative center of the Mecca Province of Saudi Arabia, and the holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow v ...

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Ara ...

Prior to 20th century

100 BC __NOTOC__ Year 100 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marius and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 654 ''Ab urbe condita'') and the First Year of Tianhan. The denominatio ...

E - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca." * 570 CE -

Year of the Elephant The ʿām al-fīl ( ar, عام الفيل, Year of the Elephant) is the name in Islamic history for the year approximately equating to 570–571 CE. According to Islamic resources, it was in this year that Muhammad was born.Hajjah Adil, Amina, ...

and the birth of prophet

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the mon ...

. * 605 CE -

Quraish The Quraysh ( ar, قُرَيْشٌ) were a grouping of Arab clans that historically inhabited and controlled the city of Mecca and its Kaaba. The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashim clan of the tribe. Despite this, many of the Qu ...

rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods. * 613 CE - "

Prophet Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monoth ...

begins public preaching in Mecca." * 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to

Medina Medina,, ', "the radiant city"; or , ', (), "the city" officially Al Madinah Al Munawwarah (, , Turkish: Medine-i Münevvere) and also commonly simplified as Madīnah or Madinah (, ), is the Holiest sites in Islam, second-holiest city in Islam, ...

, with followers (

muhajirun The ''Muhajirun'' ( ar, المهاجرون, al-muhājirūn, singular , ) were the first converts to Islam and the Islamic prophet Muhammad's advisors and relatives, who emigrated with him from Mecca to Medina, the event known in Islam as the '' Hij ...

). * 7th C. -

Masjid al-Haram , native_name_lang = ar , religious_affiliation = Islam , image = Al-Haram mosque - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg , image_upright = 1.25 , caption = Aerial view of the Great Mosque of Mecca , map ...

architectural components began. * 625-629 : Pilgrim Mosques built in numerous countries like (Kerala) India & in China by first disciples of Prophet. **

Pilgrimage A pilgrimage is a journey, often into an unknown or foreign place, where a person goes in search of new or expanded meaning about their self, others, nature, or a higher good, through the experience. It can lead to a personal transformation, aft ...

of Muslims to Mecca per

Treaty of Hudaybiyyah The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah ( ar, صُلح ٱلْحُدَيْبِيَّة, Ṣulḥ Al-Ḥudaybiyyah) was an event that took place during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was a pivotal treaty between Muhammad, representing the state of ...

. ** 11 December: Liberation of Mecca. * 683 / 63-64 H - Siege of Mecca (683); Kaaba burnt. * 692 - Siege of Mecca (692). * 751 - Milestones installed along the (

Baghdad Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon ...

-Mecca road). * 793 -

Harun al-Rashid Abu Ja'far Harun ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi ( ar , أبو جعفر هارون ابن محمد المهدي) or Harun ibn al-Mahdi (; or 766 – 24 March 809), famously known as Harun al-Rashid ( ar, هَارُون الرَشِيد, translit=Hārūn ...

visits city. * 810 - Aqueduct built. * 930 - City sacked by

Qarmatians The Qarmatians ( ar, قرامطة, Qarāmiṭa; ) were a militant Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious-utopian socialist state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that ...

;

Black Stone The Black Stone ( ar, ٱلْحَجَرُ ٱلْأَسْوَد, ', 'Black Stone') is a rock set into the eastern corner of the Kaaba, the ancient building in the center of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is revered by Muslims as an ...

taken out of Mecca. * 951 -

returned to Mecca "for a great ransom". * 1184 - Traveller

Ibn Jubayr Ibn Jubayr (1 September 1145 – 29 November 1217; ar, ابن جبير), also written Ibn Jubair, Ibn Jobair, and Ibn Djubayr, was an Arab geographer, traveller and poet from al-Andalus. His travel chronicle describes the pilgrimage he made to ...

visits city. * 1265 - Egyptian Mamluks in power. * 1326 - Traveller

Ibn Battuta Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Battutah (, ; 24 February 13041368/1369),; fully: ; Arabic: commonly known as Ibn Battuta, was a Berber Maghrebi scholar and explorer who travelled extensively in the lands of Afro-Eurasia, largely in the Muslim ...

visits Mecca. * 1517 -

Ottomans The Ottoman Turks ( tr, Osmanlı Türkleri), were the Turkic founding and sociopolitically the most dominant ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire ( 1299/1302–1922). Reliable information about the early history of Ottoman Turks remains scarce, ...

in power;

Selim I Selim I ( ota, سليم الأول; tr, I. Selim; 10 October 1470 – 22 September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute ( tr, links=no, Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. Despite las ...

becomes

Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (abbreviation ''CTHM''; ar, خَادِمُ ٱلْحَرَمَيْنِ ٱلشَّرِيفَيْنِ, '), Servant of the Two Noble Sanctuaries or Protector of the Two Holy Cities, is a royal style that has been u ...

. * 1630 - Flood. * 1631 -

Kaaba The Kaaba (, ), also spelled Ka'bah or Kabah, sometimes referred to as al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah ( ar, ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة, lit=Honored Ka'bah, links=no, translit=al-Kaʿbah al-Musharrafah), is a building at the c ...

rebuilt. * 1802/1803 - Mecca "captured by the Sa'udi-Wahhabi army." * 1812/1813 - Wahhabis ousted by Egyptian forces. * 1840 - Ottomans in power again. * 1878 - Population estimated by Assistant-Surgeon ʽAbd el-Razzāq at 50,000 to 60,000. * 1880 - 21 March: Sharif assassinated. * 1885 - Population: 45,000 (estimate). * 1886 - Printing press in use (approximate date).

20th century

* 1908 / 1325-1326 H ** September: Hejaz Railway (

Damascus )), is an adjective which means "spacious". , motto = , image_flag = Flag of Damascus.svg , image_seal = Emblem of Damascus.svg , seal_type = Seal , map_caption = , ...

-Mecca) begins operating. **

Hussein bin Ali Abū ʿAbd Allāh al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, أبو عبد الله الحسين بن علي بن أبي طالب; 10 January 626 – 10 October 680) was a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of Ali ibn Abi ...

becomes sharif. ** ''Al-Hijaz'' government newspaper begins publication. * 1912 - Madrasat al-Falah established. * 1916 / 1334-1335 H ** June–July:

Battle of Mecca (1916) The Battle of Mecca occurred in the Muslim holy city of Mecca in June and July 1916. On June 10, the Sharif of Mecca, Hussein bin Ali, the leader of the Banu Hashim clan, started a revolt against the Ottoman Caliphate from this city. The Bat ...

. ** Hashimite ''al-Qibla'' government newspaper begins publication. * 1921 - Population: 80,000 (approximate estimate). * 1924 / 1342-1343 H ** Battle of Mecca (1924). ** 12 December: ''Umm al-Qura'' government newspaper begins publication. ** Population: 60,000 (approximate estimate). ** Ali of Hejaz becomes sharif. * 1925 - City becomes part of the

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in Western Asia. It covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula, and has a land area of about , making it the fifth-largest country in Asia, the second-largest in the Arab ...

. * 1926 - Al Adl cemetery and al-Mahad al-Ilmi Suudi (school) established. * 1929 - Amanat al-Asima (municipality) established. * 1931 / 1349-1350 H - Public library founded (approximate date). * 1932 - Dar al-Hadith (school) established. * 1930s - Aziziyya, Faysaliyya, Khayriyya, and Suudiyya schools established (approximate date). * 1938 - Maktabat al-Haram (library) active. *1941 - Flood * 1945 - Al-Wehda Club (sport club) formed. * 1949 / 1368-1369 H - Kulliyyat al-Sharia (college) established. * 1951 - College of Education established. * 1958 - ''

Al Nadwa ''Al Nadwa'' (Arabic: الندوة; ''The Forum'') was a Mecca-based daily newspaper published in Saudi Arabia. The daily was in circulation until 2013 when it was renamed ''Makkah''. History and profile ''Al Nadwa'' was founded in 1958 in Mecca ...

'' newspaper begins publication. * 1960 - Police academy established. * 1962 ** Slavery abolished. ** Population: 158,908. * 1964 / 1383-1384 H **

Malcolm X Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of I ...

visits city. **

expanded. * 1966 - Mahad al-Nur (school) established. *1969 - Flood. * 1972 - Hajj televised. * 1973 - "Master Plan for the Holy City of Mecca" launched. * 1974 - Population: 366,801. * 1975 - Fire in Mina. * 1979 - 20 November-4 December:

Grand Mosque seizure The Grand Mosque seizure lasted from 20 November 1979 to 4 December 1979, when extremist militants in Saudi Arabia calling for the overthrow of the House of Saud besieged and took over Masjid al-Haram, the holiest Islamic site, in the city of M ...

. * 1981 - Umm al-Qura University established. * 1986 -

King Abdul Aziz Stadium The King Abdulaziz Stadium ( ar, ستاد الملك عبدالعزيز) is a multi-purpose stadium in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. It is currently used mostly for football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, k ...

opens. * 1987 - 31 July:

1987 Mecca incident The 1987 Mecca incident was a clash between Shia pilgrim demonstrators and the Saudi Arabian security forces, during the Hajj pilgrimage; it occurred in Mecca on 31 July 1987 and resulted in the deaths of more than 400 people. The event has bee ...

. * 1992 - Population: 965,697. * 1997 - 16 April:

Mecca fire of 1997 The Mecca fire of 1997 was a fire that occurred in the tent city near Mecca in Saudi Arabia 15 April 1997, killing between 217 and 300 people. Details The fire erupted in the overcrowded tent city, Mina, where an estimated two million Muslim pil ...

21st century

* 2005 - April: 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games held in city. * 2006 / 1426-1427 H ** 5 January: 2006 Mecca hostel collapse. ** 12 January:

2006 Hajj stampede The 2006 Hajj stampede or crush resulted in the deaths of 363 pilgrims on 12 January 2006 during the Hajj in Mecca. It took place on Jamaraat Bridge around 1pm on 12 January 2006, the fifth and final day of the Hajj. Between two and three millio ...

. ** December: Abraj al Bait Mall in business. * 2007 - Jamaraat Bridge for pedestrians rebuilt. * 2010 **

Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro The Al Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line, ( ar, قطار المشاعر المقدسة الخط الجنوبي ''qtar al mashaaer al muqaddassah al khat diljanubi'') is a metro line in the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Claimed to have the hig ...

begins operating. ** Makkah Clock Royal Tower Hotel in business. ** 1,534,731. * 2012 ** August: Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference held in city. **

Abraj Al Bait The Clock Towers ( ar, أبراج الساعة, ʾAbrāǧ alsaa'a "Towers of the Clock") is a government-owned complex of seven skyscraper hotels in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. These towers are a part of the King Abdulaziz Endowment Project that ai ...

built. * 2013 - Mishaal bin Abdullah Al Saud becomes governor of

Mecca Province The Mecca Province ( ar, مِنْطَقَة مَكَّة '), also known as the Mecca Region, is one of the 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia. It is the third-largest province by area at and the most populous with a population of 8,557,766 as of 2017 ...

. * 2014 / 1435-1436 H - Raffles Makkah Palace hotel and Swissôtel Makkah in business. * 2015 ** 13 July: City visible via

Snapchat Snapchat is an American multimedia instant messaging app and service developed by Snap Inc., originally Snapchat Inc. One of the principal features of Snapchat is that pictures and messages are usually only available for a short time before the ...

imagery. ** September:

Mecca crane collapse A crawler crane collapsed over the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, around 5:10 p.m. on 11 September 2015, killing 111 people and injuring 394 others. The city was preparing for the Hajj pilgrimage. The accident has been cited as the ...

References

Bibliography

;Published in 18th-19th centuries * * * * * *
v.2
* * * ;Published in 20th century * * * * * (fulltext) * * * * Francis Edward Peters. ''Mecca: A Literary History of the Muslim Holy Land'', Princeton University Press, (1994) * * * ;Published in 21st century * * * * *

External links

1946 * * *

Europeana Europeana is a web portal created by the European Union containing digitised cultural heritage collections of more than 3,000 institutions across Europe. It includes records of over 50 million cultural and scientific artefacts, brought togethe ...

Items related to Mecca
various dates *

Digital Public Library of America The Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) is a US project aimed at providing public access to digital holdings in order to create a large-scale public digital library. It officially launched on April 18, 2013, after two and a half years of dev ...